Interesting izibakala nobomi Saltykov-Shchedrin. biography esifutshane kunye nemisebenzi

Michael Evgrafovich - umbhali omkhulu Russian uHorace. ubomi Saltykov-Shchedrin yaqala ngo-1826, 27 (15) ngoJanuwari kwiphondo yaseTver kwilali Spa-ugol. Yena ilifa olinene kunye nentsapho yakhe abazizityebi.

Saltykov-Shchedrin: Biography - A Imbali emfutshane ebuntwaneni

Umbhali elizayo yaba umama olungumbandezeli. Zabelina Olga Mihaylovna waba akanayo ngokupheleleyo uluntu, yaye kamva nomfanekiso walo ezihlanganiswe "Nkosi Golovlyovo". Usapho waba nabantwana abathandathu, yaye nangona ukuba uMikayeli eyaziwa njenge othandwayo, usapho ngokuxabana yena navidalsya ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ukuba inkwenkwe, phezu koko, sigalelwe. Kwiminyaka elishumi, umbhali koko uchaza phantse ngokuphila "Poshehonsky zamandulo." Saltykov usoloko ukhumbula ebuntwaneni nenzondo, njengoko umthetho, musa ungathanda ukuthetha ngako. ebuntwaneni bakhe kwenzeka ubukhulu becala wedwa, bonke abantwana abadala sele wayeka ukufunda. Abakhule ngayo bakhe omncinci ngenxa yokwenene.

mbini

olunika umdla nobomi Saltykov-Shchedrin uqala sele igama lakhe. Of iinxalenye zayo ezimbini oku kuqala - Saltykov, kwaye eyesibini - Shchedrin - wabonakala kamva njengoko alias. Ubomi bakhe kwabonakala ukuba yahlulwe kabini: Saltykov - ezisemthethweni kunye Shchedrin - umbhali, uHorace kunye nombhali.

career Saltykov

Saltykov Mihail Evgrafovich waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe mthetho. Ngo-Agasti 1844 ukuba babhalise kwi-ofisi eSt Petersburg kaThixo, ngo-1846 lo mfana apho unako ukufumana isihlalo kuNobhala Assistant nguMphathiswa War. Kwaye eneminyaka engama-22, ngo-1848, yena wathunyelwa Vyatka ngenxa yophando lwakhe lokuqala zoncwadi. Noko ke, waqhubeka ekhonza, yaye umsebenzi wakhe ezikrelekrele. Kabini waba vice irhuluneli: kwiphondo Ryazan I V Abakwenzayo.

bt zoncwadi

Ngowe-1847, lo bt Saltykov-Shchedrin abe ngumbhali. Xa ngokutsha kuqala, uze emva koko ezimbini amabali, epapashwe kulindixesha "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo". Baya phantsi awethu M. Nepanov ne MS

udumo Real beza kuye ngo1856 xa wapapasha uthotho yakhe "Izincoko Provincial", kule mzuzu, waya practice elakho uNikolay Schedrin, owathi kamva yaba yinxalenye yegama lakhe. Kwaye kukho ke isiko ukupapasha imisebenzi yabo kwimijikelo.

imizobo

Izincoko Shchedrin ikakhulu odolo karhulumente, abo kufuneka kwenza le miyalelo, ukuze anyanzelise. Saltykov-Shchedrin uMikhail Evgrafovich ngokukhethekileyo bazinikela amagosa akhe Russian umsebenzi umfanekiso 60s phakathi.

Shchedrin-umbhali uqalisa busa phezu Saltykov ezingezozaseburhulumenteni. Oku ikakhulu ngokucacileyo kufika ngexesha N. A. Nekrasov iza kulindixesha "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" kwaye ucele njenge co-nomhleli Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ngowe-1868, Saltykov-igosa ngonaphakade unika indlela umbhali Shchedrin.

Ukususela ngo-1878, emva kokufa Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin waba umhleli kuphela "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo". Yaba elizibalula ebomini bakhe.

Interesting izibakala nobomi Saltykov-Shchedrin njenge ukugxekwa

Saltykov-Shchedrin yena ubona yena abe mhlalutyi. iziseko ukugxeka, amagosa odolo. Kule 60s, azifumana ekuyo phantsi "umlilo" ababhali nabo.

Into yokuba umbhali inikeza abafundi a uvuthondaba, kodwa ngokwembono obukeleyo ngaphandle, kodwa indoda yakhe okusingqongileyo. Kungenxa yale kwaye liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo tyala Saltykov-Shchedrin. Kwaye umgxeki kakhulu kwimiphimbo yaba Dmitriy Ivanovich Pisarev. Wathi yena akwanelanga nje ukuba angcikive kwindlela ekhoyo, yaye ngokubanzi, ezinecala ukuba zidlale ngaye umatshini karhulumente kwaye ingenalo novelwano, njengoko inkoliso kuyo. Le imangalisayo ukusuka kwindawo yokuziphatha umbono. Pisarev ngokubanzi babekholelwa ukuba uncwadi kufuneka unike kuyolelwa na, iiresiphi, indlela yokuphila abafundi. Wathi, umzekelo, ukuba Pushkin ebekade engento. Ngapha koko, wafundisa yi "Eugene Onegin"?

Pisarev uphosa Saltykov-Shchedrin kunye kukhalinyelwa olomeleleyo. Kukholelwa ukuba kwi 60s ezijongeneyo iintsingiselo ezimbini iincwadi Russian: ubuciko olunyulu na ubuhle obungunaphakade, kunye noncwadi yoluntu. Kubonakala ukuba imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin fanele ukuya wesibini ndawo zikhankanyiweyo. Kodwa Pisarev uthi yinto eyoyikekayo eniya Saltykov-Shchedrin i fashion engenamsebenzi kwiincwadi kwi kohlekayo, banter, nasmeshnichestvo, oku kungenanto yakwenza utshintsho lokwenene leyinene.

Utshintsho kwi imisebenzi

Xa Ekuveleni 60s - 70s uMikhail Evgrafovich inikeza abafundi bayo into entsha - oku nje uthotho izincoko, kunye nomsebenzi yonke - "The Story of a City". It is a lumo YeziKronike azithanda zembali. Le dolophu lisebenza njengomzekelo ehlabathini. City lobu - ukuba malunga eRashiya. Lo msebenzi ukugxeka ebaluleke kakhulu uyilandela.

Kule 80 yee imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin abe ezintsha kraca. Wababiza iintsomi. Ukuba abangamashumi amathathu. Ziyahlutha uvuthondaba yezopolitiko yaza yapapashwa kwiphephandaba 'Russian iGazethi ", nto leyo ngokwayo engaqhelekanga. Ngapha koko, iintsomi ngokuqhelekileyo kumaphephandaba musa ukushicilela. Kodwa ikwayile, umbhali wathi wayefuna: a tale yonke akupheleli. Njngesiqhelo kwi iintsomi, kwimisebenzi yakhe akukho neziphelo bonwabile. Zizele isigqebelo nangaphezulu ezifana namabali neenoveli.

Xa iincwadi satirical Russian kudlala indima ebalulekileyo Saltykov-Shchedrin. Biography isishwankathelo awukwazi ukuveza inzaliseko imfihlelo yale esenzeka iincwadi Russian, uMikhail Evgrafovich. Babiza ububi ezinkulu diagnostician kunye izifo kuye.

olunika umdla nobomi Saltykov-Shchedrin waxelela abantu abasebenza kunye naye. Yathi ubuntu bakhe Ndandisoyika kakhulu kwaye ocaphuka msinya. Kwaye oku kuchaphazela umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukufunda. Works ayikwazi "kuginywe".

"Golovlevs" - enye yezinto ezinzima iincwadi Russian. Kukuba Dostoevsky yeza ukuba abhale "The Brothers Karamazov."

olunika umdla nobomi Saltykov-Shchedrin ziquka into yokuba uninzi amazwi ukuba zisasebenzisa, omashini kwaye baziswa uncwadi kunye nobomi yena. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "spineless." Michael Evgrafovich wadala kwaye kuqaliswa iincwadi kwinkqubo ngayo usingiselo isigqebelo. Umbhali Kwakhona wazama ukuba babhale imibongo, kodwa emva ongaphumelelanga uphenyo pen imibongo yokuqala lehla ngonaphakade. Saltykov-Shchedrin wayefunda kwakweso sikolo sinye eziphakamileyo, nokuba uAleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, yaye oku bobabini apho baqalisa ukubhala.

Umbhali waphila iminyaka engama-63. Wafa entwasahlobo ka-1889.