Intatheli kunye nombhali Tom Vulf: engobomi, ubuchule kunye umdla facts

Xa abantu, kude isuswe uncwadi yangoku, umbuzo kusenokuvela: Ngubani na uTom Woolf?. Kodwa abafundi oluphambili bezisoloko wayeyazi kakuhle ukubhala le experimenter kunye ubuntatheli, ngenxa Iinoveli umdla yaye iincwadi non-fiction. Njengoko omnye afumane indlela umbhali?

Intsapho Childhood

Tom Vulf wazalwa ngoMatshi 2, 1931 e Richmond, Virginia. Uyise umbhali elizayo wayeyingcali kwinkalo yezolimo. Abekuhambisa uphando, ukubhala amanqaku ezenzululwazi nezaziwayo kwiimagazini. Umama wam waye umfundi zonyango. Emva kokuzalwa unyana wakhe, wayeka esikolweni.

ebuntwaneni uTom waba kakhulu okufana eUnited States: esikolweni, ezemidlalo esebenzayo. Ngaphandle kokuba ndifunde lo mfana ngaphezu noontanga bakhe. Loo ebuntwaneni wagqiba enabizwa - wayefuna ukuba ngumbhali kuphela. Sele kule minyaka 9 wenza umzamo wokuqala ukubhala biography of uNapoleon. Emva koko ukudala ngemifanekiso yabo ubomi uMozart incwadi. Ngoxa ukufunda kwiSikolo Episcopal. St. UChristopher, waba umhleli we iphephandaba lasekuhlaleni. Nakuba kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala waqalisa ukudlala ibhola ekhatywayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mfo uya kukhula kwi semi-League.

ukubunjwa

Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Tom Wolfe uya Washington kunye Lee University Lexington. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe wasebenza edition Shenandoah le magazini. Emva kokuba egqibe eyunivesithi, Wolfe izifundo e Yale University, apho wafumana ubugqirha kwi "Studies American". Isihloko ithisisi yakhe - "The ntliziyo wamaKomanisi phakathi ababhali American kwiminyaka 1927 42." Kwakunzima polemical kwaye kuyingozi. Yaye wabonisa indlela Wolfe ulungele umsebenzi journalistic. Emva wayewuthethelela wenza izindululo ezininzi ukuqhubeka umsebenzi wezifundo, kodwa wakhumbula iphupha lakhe. imfundo yakhe enye kuphela ngakumbi inyathelo imbopheleleko endleleni eya kwindawo yakho. Wayesoloko efuna ukuba iintatheli waza waba kubo.

Amanyathelo okuqala yintatheli

ngamava akhe yokuqala yintatheli umsebenzi, Tom Wolfe wenza kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi. Ngowe-1956, uqalise ukusebenza kwiphephandaba The Republican. Emva kokuphumelela, esamkela isithembiso ukusuka kwiphephandaba kwi kwiphondo Massachusetts - Springfield Union, apho wayesebenza iminyaka emithathu. Emva koko, wabizwa kwi "Washington Post." Wandula ke wenza impumelelo yokuqala ebalulekileyo. Kweli phepha, wabhala izinto 315, nto leyo eziqaqambileyo abunjwe koko "ezimbejembeje" indlela yakhe edumileyo yokubhala.

Kungelo xesha ke waqalisa bazame izinto zolwimi feed. isimbo sakhe entsha sakhiwa wengxabano izichasi. Kuba isishwankathelo iziganeko olululo Cuba Wolfe wawongwa Guild ka Press Publishers. Nabo waphawula ukuba ingqondo yakhe unoburharha izinto zokubhala, kwakunye eksperimenti ngempumelelo kunye kuqukwa ubuchule ayinyani kwizicatshulwa journalistic. umbhali Wolfe kaThixo, Dzheyms Rouzen, wachaza isimbo sakhe - "ubuntatheli umhla", ezele amabinzana kanye ukuhlaziya kwezentlalo ezilumayo. Ezi mpawu zibe ukubhala aqhelekileyo brand.

Ubomi eNew York

Ngowe-1962, uTom Vulf wafudukela eNew York kwi ngokumenywa iphephandaba New York Herald Tribune. Apha ke igxininisa iintsingiselo eziphambili eluntwini. Man ngenkuthalo ukuhlola "indlela yokuphila" oluntu yaseMelika, bekholelwa ukuba ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo yabo kwaye kusichukumisa kwimbali nabo bonke oonobangela iziganeko zanamhlanje. Ngokukhawuleza kusenzeka umsebenzi uqala Intatheli kungekudala waphazanyiswa loqhankqalazo elide abasebenzi phephandaba. Kodwa ke umhleli oyintloko lowu Esquire - Byron Doubell - wafumana indlela yokuphuma kule meko. Wathumela uTom ukwenza uthotho lwamanqaku malunga nenkcubeko yeemoto ngetshova California. Ngoko ke, kwathi gqi kunazo Wolf ezamenza abadumileyo.

"New Journalism"

Kweli nqaku, sizama ukuqonda oko uTom Vulf. Biography, iincwadi, ncomo, ucaphulo zeetekisi ukunceda abantu loo mntu umdla. amazwi akhe amabinzana okwenyaniso krydatymi. Ukuba zingene kwi intetho abatsha Amerika njengoko slogans zentengiso. Wolfe ngokwakhe ngelixa esenza umsebenzi iphambili Esquire umhleli phephancwadi, yachukumiseka kangangokuba wabhala uthotho iingxelo endaweni wayalela incwadi. Ukungazi ukuba yintoni ezakwenziwe malunga itekisi voluminous ezinjalo, athumela nje ukuba Byron Doubellu. Nabani na ufunda umbandela, ndaqonda ukuba bekuya kuba iitempile ukuze ube itekisi standard journalistic. Kwaye yenza ukuba uthotho lwamabali copyright ezibekwe kumagumbi eziliqela yemagazini yakhe. Ezinye izinto yapapashwa i "New York megazine" kunye nezinye neejenali eziliqela.

Kamva, la malungu kwisicatshulwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ngohlobo kunye isihloko omangalisayo encwadini: ". I Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake kuhambisana Baby" Le ncwadi yaba eliphuma uhlobo olutsha uncwadi, apho abaphandi esiyibiza "lobuntatheli entsha". It lwaqokelelwa imizobo kunye neenkcazelo indlela ubomi mihla American. Amaqhawe bayo iinkwenkwezi zokucwangcisa ushishino, ezemidlalo, fashion imboni, kwakunye labantu, zihlelelekile, amahippie kunye iipunks. Le benga loluntu iintatheli uvumela ukubona ubomi lizwe konke ukwahluka kwalo kunye ephikisanayo. Inyanga le ncwadi wabaleka 4 uhlelo overprint - impumelelo yayo ihlokoma kangaka. Yaba isikhokelo wokwenene eMelika yanamhlanje. Tom Vulf wafumana indlela yakhe kunye nesimbo sakhe lobuntatheli. Kwaye ngoko sele bafudukela kweli cala. Ngowe-1973, Wolfe kunye noogxa bakhe ipapasha imanifesto "ubuntatheli entsha", leyo ukumisela iinkolelo ezisisiseko eendaba mihla.

nokubhala

UTom Wolfe, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane linokuchazwa ngamagama amabini - "ngumbhali kunye kumnxulumanisi" ukuba ufuna ukwenza nje izinto journalistic, ezizezi imisebenzi zobugcisa obubhaliweyo. I bafumana niche ngendlela yakhe ekhethekileyo, wabhala le ncwadi idumileyo malunga era yangoku: ". I-Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test" Injongo yawo ukufunda kunye nenkcazelo lo mkhuba umbhali lehlelo Ken Kesey. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, yajika yaba uhlalutyo angaqhelekanga inkcubeko lwala maxesha kunye noluntu American. Ukuze ukuqokelela izinto eziyimfuneko, le ntatheli wachitha inyanga yonke kwi Thethani of "Pranksters Merry" babeqhelisela 'ukwanda osezingqondweni "kwiziyobisi psychotropic. Waphinda waqokelela eninzi zokufunda ezongezelelweyo ngohlobo iifoto, udliwano-ndlebe, eziviwayo kunye zevidiyo. Ngowe-1968, le ncwadi ishicilelwe. Waye kwaoko waphila uluhlu kakhulu. Kamva, i-Institute of Journalism kwiYunivesithi New York, wazisa incwadi kuluhlu "A likhulu imisebenzi emihle US ubuntatheli kwenkulungwane 20".

Yonke iminyaka imibiko wayo, umntu usoloko ngokufihlakeleyo ndiphupha ukubhala inoveli. Kwaye ngo-1987, ihlabathi wafunda entsha Tom Wolfe - umbhali. Lowa wayikhululela ethi "I Mtheza of abangento", osixelela ubomi lokwenyaniso of New York. Le ncwadi idla ngokuba umsebenzi kakhulu intatheli kunye yombhali igama uTom Vulf. umbhali le ncwadi, ebhalwe kamva, njalo impumelelo inoveli yakhe yokuqala, yaye udada, kodwa oku bangabi saba zaveliswa. Ngexesha ubomi bakhe imide, Tom Vulf babhala iinoveli ezine, iincwadi ezisixhenxe ngokwabo kunye iingqokelela ezintlanu zezincoko. Kwaye namhlanje, nangona ngeminyaka, umbhali uyaqhubeka ukusebenza kwi umsebenzi wesine. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, kungekudala uza kwandisa ezincwadi yayo.

bamxolele

Kuba iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi Woolf ngokuphindaphindiweyo wafumana iimbasa ezahlukeneyo. In umthwalo wakhe - Molteno zeSigaba seSiseko Book yeSizwe, bathatha inxaxheba iintetho Jefferson zindala nenala amabhaso. Kuquka ibhaso le Guild Publishers Award ye-National Institute of Arts and Culture, Don Passos Prize kunye "Ambassador 'abantu.

Tom Vulf kanye cinema

Umbhali Book zithandwa kangangokuba Hollywood ayikwazanga ngoyaba ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo. Yonke imisebenzi emithathu bafakwa kwiskrini: isincoko "The Last American Hero" (1973) woSuku "Izinto Right" (1983). I inoveli "I Mtheza of abangento" wamlinda kokuba lakhe kwikhusi - kuba indalo ifilimu wathabatha umlawuli umboniso odumileyo Brian De Palma. Kudlala kwi movie edlalwe yi iinkwenkwezi ezifana Tom Hanks, Melanie Griffith kunye Bryus Uillis. Iincwadi zeempendulo bonke amakhasethi abhalwa Wolfe. Ngoku Imizobo ezimbini esekelwe imisebenzi uTom wabeka kwimveliso.

impilo Personal

Le ntatheli, ogama imisebenzi zisoloko emehlweni, ukuzama ukufihla iinkcukacha zobomi bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba ngo-1978 watshata umlawuli vutshila phephancwadi odumileyo Harper kaThixo Magazine Sheila Berger. Esi sibini wayenabantwana ababini. Namhlanje, lo Wolfe isibini gqolo ukuhlala eNew York. Umfazi njalo wayesazi ukuba umyeni wakhe edinga unakekelo nenkxaso. Bekusoloko umqosheliso wakhe oluthembekileyo.

facts umdla biography

Umbhali Tom Wolfe kwasebuncinaneni bakhe kwatsala ingqalelo iintshukumo ezininzi ome. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni kolawulo lwakhe journalistic, wayesoloko wabonakala esidlangalaleni isuti emhlophe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yaba uphawu ngokwenene. Kuba nje alahlwe ngenxa yokuba "weba" kumaza Mark Twain, kodwa iincula nje kuyo. Hi ndlela leyi, Tom Wolfe ebizwa umbhali edume US. Ukongeza, ukuba uphakathi aba bahlawulwa-ezilishumi of America.