Inqaku 275 of Code Criminal. Licebo kunye nobutyala ngenxa

Naluphi na uhlobo ekunikeni uncedo kwezinye iintlanga ukuba baqhube imisebenzi okuya kwenzakalisa ukhuseleko kwamanye amazwe i-Russian Federation kaThixo, ukuba imbuka. Izohlwayo Code Criminal ulwaphulo ezinikezelwa yi-Article 275. Yintoni kwakugcwele inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enjalo? Yintoni uhlobo lesohlwayo ukuze ezenziwe wobubi? Yaye ziziphi iinkalo inkxalabo izenzo ezinjalo?

meaning

Concepts ezifana lokungcatsha kunye zaseMelika, akukho kwiwaka. ibali labo ezinxulumene, enyanisweni, imbali yeemfazwe. Ngokukodwa, i-Brussels Declaration yamkelwa 1897, ithi ndiyintlola ngumntu ngobuqhinga okanye emfihlekweni indlela nokuqokelela iinkcukacha ukuze kuxhamle kwelinye ilizwe.

Noko ke, phakathi ingqiqo ezifana "hlola" yaye "umngcatshi", kukho umahluko isici. Eyokuqala kwizicatshulwa ulwazi kwilizwe lasemzini. Okwesibini - kwilizwe isizwe. Njengomthetho jikelele, enze isicwangciso mthetho ivumela ukuba i-ofisi, nto leyo ethatha ukuba kukho izizathu ezivakalayo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ubhalo na ingcaciso ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Ngu imbuka kwakhona ziquka inguqu yomntu ukuya utshaba ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngenxa yoko, lo gama ekuthethwe ngayo kweli nqaku, kuba ntonye negama 'ewolo ".

indaba

Ingcinga ngayo kweli nqaku, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye kumazwe ahlukeneyo zitolikwe ngokwahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwakhe eNgilani ngexesha Renaissance waqonda naluphi na uhlobo iphula imithetho ezizodwa yokumkani. Namhlanje, kweli lizwe, nokuceba linentsingiselo elimxinwa kakhulu. Kuyaqondeka nje ukuhlaselwa yasebukhosini. EUnited States kule senzo ityala bahlali usilwa imfazwe kurhulumente, ukujoyina imibutho abanenzondo ukuwancedisa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kweli lizwe ngenxa lokungcatsha akagwetywa akukho mntu ngaphandle ubungqina ngabantu ababini ubuncinane. Ngaphezu koko, ebudeni kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XX, icala ulwaphulo yaba ngumntu nje omnye.

Licebo kwi USSR

Phantse neminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, kwilizwe lethu kule kota kuthetha nawuphi na umsebenzi engahlobenanga ideology eklasini. Ukususela ngo-1934, kwinqaku kwimisebenzi omusha ziye zaziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye izohlwayo kwabo. Phakathi kwawo ke ikuluhlu lokuvukela. Isohlwayo enjalo ulwaphulo-mthetho, hayi nje kuphela kweli eSoviet Union, kodwa kwamanye amazwe belusoloko nzima kunene. Iminyaka emininzi ukuba oyike, ngokuqhelekileyo kukufa.

ingqiqo ka "Homeland" i-ntonye segama elithi "likarhulumente" kwi-Criminal Code of the RSFSR. A Inqaku eyahlukileyo kule ongayenzanga asikho. Xa banesifo emva kwenkulungwane lokugqibela ngokususela izityholo yokuba isenzo eso ugwetyiwe inani sikweni elikhulu abemi Soviet. Imeko efanayo kwaphawuleka eJamani ngelo xesha. Ukususela 1960 eSoviet Criminal Code zenziwa izilungiso olube yimfuneko. isenzo Treasonable sele yabelwe ngenqaku eyahlukileyo 64th.

in Russia

Kuba izenzo nxamnye kuRhulumente ummi Russian unoxanduva. Olu lwaphulo-mthetho enikelwe inqaku 275. Isohlwayo - entolongweni iminyaka elishumi okanye ngaphezulu. Ixesha lininzi - iminyaka emashumi mabini. Ngo-2012, i-uDuma bamkela izilungiso nqaku, njengoko apho ityala lolwaphulo likufikela nkqu nabo abemi abanika eziphathekayo, uncedo lwemali okanye yothetha ngumbutho amazwe. izenzo ezinjalo ukungaqiniseki ezahlukeneyo esesikweni. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba izilungiso ezintsha yaba ngumtshangatshangiso ugxekwe.

Ngolwaphulo-mthetho

amanqaku Essential ziquka Inqaku 275. phela High - ulwaphulo apho isohlwayo umoni nga zikhululwe ukuba ixesha ukuyiphepha ekonakaliseni kunokwenzeka ibonelela i-Russian Federation. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umntu ingxelo ngokuzithandela Abasemagunyeni nangezenzo, kuba nabutyala mthetho.

Licebo - ngesenzo le into leyo yenza njengoko ukhuseleko yangaphandle lizwe. Njengoko isifundo ingqalelo nayiphi na ingcaciso okumisele iyimfihlo karhulumente. Ixhoba lo Russian Federation.

Yaye kuthetha ntoni ngokukodwa ukuba loo mthetho njenge lokungcatsha? Izenzo ezinjalo ziquka ikakhulu zaseMelika. Nokukhutshwa iimfihlakalo karhulumente , kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iindlela ukuncedisa iziko langaphandle, ukusetyenziswa obuquka iziphumo ezingalunganga ukuba ukhuseleko Russia, kananjalo wathetha ngalo isibakala swonghasi emiselweyo Art. 275 of the Code Criminal.

zaseMelika

Lo msebenzi ubizwa ukuqokelelwa, transmission, kunye nokugcinwa ngokweba ulwazi oluyimfihlo - kodwa hayi zonke senzo iwela phantsi kwinkcazelo "ukuvukela". Ngokungafaniyo ekulihloleni bazohlala lo mxholo mthetho. Yintoni na? Yiyekele kuYehova bazohlala ingaba kuphela ngummi kwilizwe elithile, kwimeko yethu - Russia. Le zaseMelika wayetyholwa kuphela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umxholo ulwaphulo-mthetho phantsi Art. 275 of the Code Criminal inokuba yiyo nayiphi ngolwazi olungafumaneki phantsi kubhengezo. Zeziphi iindawo zibandakanya ulwazi olulolo hlobo? Licebo - isenzo leyo ibandakanya kunikezelo ulwazi olunxulumene emkhosini, lwezoqoqosho, lwenzululwazi, umgaqo angaphandle kunye nobukrelekrele imisebenzi Russian Federation. Ukusasaza ulwazi elolu hlobo unako ukubangela umonakalo omkhulu ukhuseleko lwesizwe. Ngoko ke, la maxwebhu, ukosuleleka yayo iphathwa njenge lokungcatsha (i-Criminal Code), ziphawulwe "okuyimfihlo" okanye asisiso kudidi okhethekileyo. Ukuba ulwazi nabameli imeko ithumela ngummi amazwe, ngoko ke sithetha zaseMelika - icala kubhaliweyo ngokweenkcukacha ezininzi kweli nqaku. 176 of the Code Criminal. Isohlwayo lokwaphul 'umthetho onjalo - ukuvalelwa entolongweni isithuba seminyaka elishumi ukuya kumashumi amabini.

Omnye umahluko ekulihloleni ukukrexeza karhulumente ukuba kwimeko yangaphambili umthetho zadluliselwa, ezifana imizobo, imizobo, iitshati, okanye nasiphi na isicwangciso, ukuba amaxwebhu ezifanayo ngokomthetho. Ummi angaphandle unelungelo ukugcina lolu hlobo lwazi. Kwaye ngoko ukuze ulime, yaye kamva laba impahla karhulumente, oko uwugcinayo ubusela.

Ezinye iindlela ukunika uncedo wamanye amazwe

Licebo (kwiSiqendu 275 lomGaqo Criminal.) - oko lulwaphulo-mthetho obandakanya nje ukudluliswa iinkcukacha ezithathwa nje "imfihlelo phezulu." Esi senzo kuquka ezinye izinto ezithi zibe negalelo kwindlela injongo inkampani amazwe, nto leyo inxaxheba kwizinto eziyingozi eRashiya. Umxholo we uncedo onjalo obungafaniyo kakhulu.

Xa indima umrhanelwa imbuka kuthiwa ukwenza ngummi eRashiya, ngubani na athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi mbutho zaseMelika, kodwa sele inkxaso eziphathekayo.

Ngubani esongela neSiqendu 275?

Licebo - ulwaphulo-mthetho leyo ongabeka abemi Russian, arhente ngokumenywa iinkonzo zobuntlola angaphandle, nokukhethwa kwezindlu kwabo mibutho efanayo ekhuselekileyo ukuncedisa umsebenzi abasebenzi benkonzo. Ukuba ekuphunyezweni zonke ezi zenzo mthethweni ezenziwe ezinye izenzo kwezopolitiko eziqhelekileyo uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokuzimeleyo.

Ukususela ngasentla esinokuzifunda kwisigqibo ilandelayo: icala injongo lokungcatsha luphawulwa iintshukumo ezifana zaseMelika, ukuxela iimfihlakalo karhulumente kunye nezinye iindlela ukuncedisa imibutho zasemzini zichasene neemfuno Russian Federation.

Kuthiwa umthetho lokungcatsha kwakukho izinto ukuhlela kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iintshukumo echazwe ngasentla azisoloko ulwaphulo-mthetho. Licebo okanye zaseMelika, hayi kudala wakhonza njengendlela yokudlulisa ulwazi okuyimfihlo.

izisusa

inkalo ayinyani kule ulwaphulo-nenjongo ngqo. izenzo Treasonable babe izisusa zezopolitiko okanye yokuzingca. Ukuziqhelisa egwebayo, kukho iimeko apho izizathu kwizenzo ezinjalo ezifana nokuceba (i-Criminal Code Art. 275), lelona nomnqweno wokufumana ubuzwe amazwe.

Ngokomzekelo, cinga le meko zilandelayo libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Makhe sicinge ukuba CEO we omnye iinkampani ukuvelisa iinxalenye ikwicala irula-yokwakha, ukusebenza ngeenjongo zokuzingca (ngaphandle umvuzo eziphathekayo ukuze ezinjalo "nokubambisana", intlangano amazwe wathembisa ukuncedisa umngcatshi yobhaliso zikarhulumente ngabemi), wegqitha inkcazelo eyimfihlo aphesheya. Utyeshelo rhoqo phesheya mlawuli abanomdla kwinkonzo yoluntu. Noko ke, isizathu sokuba kokuqaliswa tyala kwinkcazo omnye abasebenzi. Izenzo ezenziwa yi yintloko ziimpawu lolwaphulo-mthetho phantsi kwe Siqendu 275; ngokuba apho uya kugwetywa.

Ngubani na enze izenzo treasonable?

Isifundo yesi senzo ulwaphulo-Russian kuphela attained kweminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. Ngokutsho izityholo zolwaphulo ziyaqwalaselwa zange tyala abemi bangaphandle okanye abantu lizwe. Nabo ongenakho ukuzimela kwetyala njengoko otyholwa nokuxhokonxa. Le ingakumbi, leyo inqaku le-Code Criminal. Licebo - isenzo apho basenokohlwaywa kuphela ngummi Russian Federation. Njengoko ngokunjalo, bathi, inqaku 106th ( "I-Ukubulala umama nosana"), inkundla liyakulahla kuphela unina womntwana kunye nawuphi na omnye umntu. Ngenxa yoko, bazohlala kunye zaseMelika - ulwaphulo wena ngokungqongqo. Iintlola, njengokuba kuthiwe, uyakwazi ukuphumeza wasemzini kuphela.

Bangavumelani abameli

Iingcali zichasene ukuba ngubani imangalelwe lokungcatsha: yena onolwazi ngenxa imisebenzi yabo, okanye ngulowo ufumene ulwazi ubusela. Ezinye bempilo kunye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba esifundo abe ngumntu owathi amaxwebhu okumisele imfihlelo karhulumente omthembileyo. Noko ke, ukuqonda akwenziwanga kuqwalaselwa kwi izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Kungenxa yoko le nto isityholo ukuvukela inokukhutshwa ukuba nabani na obala ulwazi mfihlakalo.

iimeko zesimo

nobutyala ngenxa nalukreqo kwezinye iimeko zisuswe umoni. Kwakhona ichazwe kweli nqaku. 275. Kodwa ngenxa yokuxolelwa sisohlwayo kuyimfuneko ukugcina miqathango ilandelayo:

1. imizimba ngokuzithandela kwaye ngexesha umyalezo ngokupheleleyo amandla, ulwazi olubanzi. Izenzo ezinjalo lunokukunceda ekuthinteleni ukuba neziphumo ezibi-nkqubo yelizwe langaphandle, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukususa uxanduva. Kodwa lindela ukuba kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo ingqalelo Yiloo ngokuzithandela kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
2. Ukungabikho enye ulwaphulo-mthetho, akukho ezinxulumene lokungcatsha.

Ukuba omnye wemiqathango yanelisekile, kodwa kuphela ngenxenye, oko kungathathelwa ingqalelo xa kwiinkqubo nje imeko ezithile.

kileyo

Ulwazi ayikwazi ingayi kutyhilwa, uye phantse yonke igosa elijongene nokuthotyelwa komthetho. Ukuba ngummi, ukuthatha amapolisa okanye ezinye iiarhente zikarhulumente anendima enkulu kwinkampani yangaphandle ithumela iinkcukacha efunyenweyo ngenxa zasemsebenzini, yena ujongene izohlwayo enzima kakhulu kulwaphulo-mthetho.

Njengoko kwezinye ulwaphulo-mthetho efana, isizathu unako ukukhonza iingqwalasela kuphela yokuzingca. Isiphumo iingxoxo kwinto ezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinjalo uba entolongweni ixesha elide umngcatshi karhulumente.

Xa isigwebo, ngokuqinisekileyo badlala indima ukunciphisa iimeko. Emva kwizenzo okubangele uqoqosho kunye nomgaqo angaphandle of Russia umonakalo ebalulekileyo, initsiiator umsebenzi mthethweni, ukuba ngummi Russian Federation, bebandezelwe esinethemba ukuba Ukudambisa ebalulekileyo isohlwayo. Umntu ofunyenwe enetyala uMbuso, anqunyulwe inkululeko kwithuba leminyaka ubuncinane elinambini.