Bronchodilators: Uluhlu iziyobisi, iziphumo zabo kunye nesicelo. bronchodilators yokuhlela

Kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ubomi bomntu isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. A buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, yaye nosulelo ezahlukeneyo kungabangela izifo zemiphunga echaphazela ngqo umgangatho wobomi. Kuba unyango lwezifo ezifana oogqirha-ukusetyenziswa amalungiselelo bronchodilators. Emva koko, cinga indlela la machiza, ukuhlelwa kwazo kunye ukusetyenziswa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo amalungu zifo.

Yintoni bronchodilators

Ukubandakanya bronchodilators iziyobisi kunye iziyobisi isiqabu bronchospasm kunye ukulwa oonobangela constriction inyumoniya.

Ziziphi izifo Inokwenzeka loo uthi, cinga ngakumbi.

Zeziphi izifo usebenzisa bronchodilators

Kukho inani lezifo apho basenokuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Bronchospasm.
• Ayanda.
• Hypersecretion yencindi yomlomo.
• Bronchoconstriction.

Uphuhliso iimpawu ezinjalo kunokwenzeka kunye zifo zilandelayo:

• COPD.
• somoya inyumoniya.
• Obstructive kwemigudu abukhali.
• obliterans Bronchiolitis.
• Bronchiectasis.
• abanesigulo esinganyangekiyo.
• zeDyskinesia syndrome Ciliary.
• dysplasia Bronchopulmonary.

bronchodilators yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuze zisetyenziswe ukuthintela bronchospasm.

iintlobo bronchodilators

kwimboni yezemithi uvelisa iintlobo ezininzi zamachiza kweli qela:

• Amacwecwe.
• Isiraphu.
• Iziyobisi ukuze ngenaliti.
• Njengeeinhalers.
• Nebulizers.

Kwakhona lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kwiiklasi ezininzi bronchodilators.

Ucalulo kunye noluhlu neziyobisi

1. Agonists. Eli qela libandakanya iziyobisi bayakwazi ukuyeka ukuhlaselwa kwimiqobo inyumoniya. Ngu ukusebenza receptors adrenergic buyasikhulula izihlunu bronchi. Xa siqwalasela ezi bronchodilators, uluhlu iziyobisi imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• "Epinephrine".
• "Isoprenaline".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Fenoterol".
• "Ephedrine".

2. M holinoblokatory. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa ukuvimba ukuhlaselwa kwimiqobo inyumoniya. Iziyobisi kweli qela nje angene egazini kwaye musa ukuba isenzo systemic. Basenokuba kusetyenziselwa inhalation kuphela. Uyakwazi ukwenza olu luhlu lulandelayo kwamachiza:

• "Atropine sulfate."
• "Metacin".
• "Bromide Ipratropium."
• "Flomax".

3. inhibitor Phosphodiesterase. Brohoobstruktsii isikiwe nokuhlasela kuthoba umsipha inyumoniya agudileyo yi calcium nokufumba kwi reticulum endoplasmic ngenxa Ukwehla sabela ubuninzi phakathi kwiseli. Ukuphucula umoya peripheral, umsebenzi beso. Eli qela libandakanya:

• "Theophylline".
• "Theobromine".
• "Eufillin".

Ukusetyenziswa kwezi iziyobisi kunokubangela nesiyezi, tachycardia, ukuncipha elibukhali kwi uxinzelelo lwegazi.

4. ekwenzeni imifinya iseli ngamanqatha. Isetyenziswa kuphela kuthintelo spasm inyumoniya. Vimba imijelo calcium kwaye ithintele yokungena ikhalsiyam kwizisele lwemasti, yenyathelela phantsi degranulation kunye histamine yazo isivuno. Ngelo xesha yokuhlaselwa wavela, la machiza sele ayisasebenzi. Zisetyenziswa ngokohlobo iipilisi okanye data imuncwe bronchodilators. Uluhlu iziyobisi na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• "Cromolyn."
• "Nedocromil".
• "Ketotifen".

5. Corticosteroids. La machiza asetyenziswa kunyango iintlobo entsonkothileyo sombefu inyumoniya. Kananjalo zingasetyenziswa yokuthintela isiqabu yokuhlaselwa bronchospasm. Olu luhlu kufuneka iquke amayeza zilandelayo:

• "Hydrocortisone".
• "Prednisolone".
• "Dexamethasone".
• "Triamitsinolon".
• "Beclomethasone".

6. blocker Calcium channel. Esetyenziselwa cupping bronhoobstuktsii. Ngenxa ijelo icalcium ivala calcium bayaphoswa iseli, nto leyo ukunyenyiswa ngemibhobho inyumoniya. Kunciphisa aqaqambayo, dilates izitya coronary neuropathy. Kuba iziyobisi kweli qela ziquka:

• "Nifedipine".
• "Isradipine".

7. Iziyobisi kunye nesenzo antileukotriene. Uvimba receptors leukotriene ikhuthaza zokwehlisa bronchi. Sebenzisa olu hlobo amayeza okuthintela bahlaselwe inyumoniya.

Bayaphumelela kakhulu ekunyangeni izifo ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa elide non-steroidal, amachiza-ukudumba. Olu didi lubandakanya amayeza zilandelayo:

• "Zafirlukast".
• "Montelukast."

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufuneka kuthiwe bronchodilators yayo ngqo isenzo ikakhulu ukuphumla bronchi, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Xa sijonge ezi bronchodilators omsebenzi osemqoka, izifo ezinxulumene kunye eziphilayo yesigulane ethile, linokukwenziwa an unyango olusebenzayo.

Spirography bronchodilator

Kuba uphando kwizigulane basoloko izifo amalungu zifo, wamisa spirography. Amaninzi kwiimeko apho kukho ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukhohlokhohlo ukuba akayeki ixesha elide kakade.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Le ukuphefumla yeviwa ukutswina, abethe umlozi.
• Ukuba kunzima nokuphefumla.

Le ndlela vo ikuvumela ukuba ukubona utshintsho umthamo kwemiphunga kunye nokusebenza. Le nkqubo sikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa inika ulwazi oluninzi ngenjongo unyango olusebenzayo.

Ukuqhuba spirography kunokuba bronchodilators kusetyenziswa. Uluhlu iziyobisi zingaquka ezi imithi zilandelayo:

• "Berotek".
• "Ventalin".

Spirography bronchodilator ngaphambi nasemva ngokuthatha amayeza, ukufumanisa indlela isixhobo ekusebenzeni emiphungeni. Kwakhona, ukuba amayeza asetyenziswa, iphumle iityhubhu inyumoniya, oko uzimisele nokuba bronchospasm ingathityazwa okanye vuhlayiseki. Iyeza sifunyenwe liGosa డొమైన్ idomeyini okanye zetoti.

Ukususwa yokuhlaselwa sombefu

Misa ingqalelo yakho ichiza kusetyenziswa somoya. Bronchodilators somoya iziyobisi ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko ukuze abanesifuba ukuze bawubuyise kuhlaselo ngequbuliso ngokunjalo prophylaxis zabo. Oku kuquka ezi ndidi zilandelayo bronchodilators:

• Beta-agonists.
• amachiza Anticholinergic.
• "Theophylline".

Amayeza amaqela ezimbini zokuqala zithathwa kakuhle usebenzisa i inhaler okanye డొమైన్ idomeyini.

Xa umntu ahlaselwe sisifo sombefu kuye kwavela imfuneko engxamisekileyo ukubonelela ngoncedo ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho elifutshane-Acting imuncwe bronchodilators. Bakhawuleza isuswe ngu kubhengezo bronchospasm bronchus. Kwimizuzu nje, bronchodilators asenokusidambisa imeko yomguli, yaye isiphumo siyaqhubeka iiyure 2-4. Kunye kokuncedwa inhaler okanye డొమైన్ idomeyini uyakwazi ukususa kuhlaselwa bronchospasm ekhaya. Le ndlela lokuhanjiswa iziyobisi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla lunciphisa inani yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunokwenzeka, ngokungafaniyo amacwecwe ngokuthatha okanye iinaliti kufuneka ukuba bangene egazini.

Ukusebenzisa bronchodilators ukuhlaselwa-esebenza elifutshane, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba oku kanye inqwelo yezigulana. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa kubo ngaphezu kabini ngeveki, kufuneka udibane nogqirha. Mhlawumbi kuyimfuneko kukomeleza ulawulo phezu khosi yesi sifo, kusenokufuneka ngokutsha iindlela zonyango.

Lawula bronchodilators uhlaselwe

Ukuze ukugcina ukuxhuzula phantsi kolawulo, kufuneka usebenzise bronchodilators elide-esebenza. Kananjalo esithathwe inhalation. Umphumo uya kugcinwa ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezili-12. La machiza ziquka oku kulandelayo:

• "Formoterol". Kuthatha ukusebenza phakathi imizuzu 5-10. Ingasetyenziswa ekususeni kuhlaselo kunye awanyange. Ingasetyenziswa abantwana, kodwa kuphela phantsi kweliso omdala.
• "Salmetorol". Nokususa ukuhlaselwa kwimizuzu. Le nguqu isaqhubeka ukuya kwiiyure ezili-12. Eli chiza inokusetyenziswa kuphela abadala.

unyango yomoya

Kakade ke, ngokufuthi kwakufuneka nje bronchodilators yomoya. Ingakumbi ukuba isifo yafudukela kwinqanaba ezinganyangekiyo okanye isithintelo inyumoniya uyabonakala. Kuba unyango yomoya, ungasebenzisa ezininzi bronchodilators. Uluhlu iziyobisi ingakhangeleka ngolu hlobo:

• "Izadrin".
• "Ipradol".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Flomax".
• "Eufillin".

nemiphumo emihle kakhulu unyango yomoya iyazalisekiswa ngokusebenzisa bronchodilators ukuba inhalation usebenzisa డొమైన్ idomeyini okanye inhaler. Kulo mzekelo, bronchodilator, ezifana 'Salbutamol', iya ngqo ekugxilwe yokukrala kwaye iqala ukuchaphazela ingxaki ngaphandle kokungena egazini ngexesha elifanayo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ngokubonakala reactions ezinokubana ichiza. Kukwabalulekile nokuba ezi nkqubo enokwenziwa kwaye abantwana ngaphandle nobungozi kwimpilo, kodwa isiphumo mkhulu unyango lwesifo.

Kwaye ngoku amazwi ambalwa esibi iziganeko bronchodilators.

imiphumela emibi

Xa usebenzisa bronchodilators elifutshane okanye elide-ebambeleyo Awukwazi indiva iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Xa ufumana bronchodilators-esebenza elifutshane - izinto ezifana 'Salbutamol', 'terbutaline, "" fenoterol "- ziyimiphumo khona into embi:

• Nesiyezi.
• Intloko.
• Twitching, Barr ze imilenze.
• Jitters.
• Tachycardia, iyangongoza.
• Arrhythmia.
• Ukwanda uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Hypokalemia.

imixube ukukhululwa Lwandomeleza, ezifana "Salmeterol" "formoterol", ebonakala ngu iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kulandelayo:

• Lafa izandla neenyawo.
• Nesiyezi.
• Intloko.
• Muscle twitching.
• Iyangongoza.
• Utshintsho ecocekile.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
• Hypokalemia.
• Izigulane nesi sifo ukuze aphuhlise bronchospasm kakhulu ngamazwi.

Xa elivela kuzo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ukunyenyisa ithamo okanye ukutshintsha amayeza.

Izimo

Kukho izifo apho ukusetyenziswa contraindicated bronchodilators omele ixesha analo lifutshane. ezizezi:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• isifo sentliziyo.
• Kwegazi.
• Seswekile.
• Ukuqina.

Kufuneka kwakhona ulumke kakhulu phambi kwezi meko xa efumana bronchodilators namanye amaqela.

Qaphela ukuba ukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo kungcono ukukhetha bronchodilators-esebenza elifutshane. Ubude ichiza "Theophylline" ingasiwa kwimigaqo 2 hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1 amaxesha ngemini. Phambi kokuba unikezelo kwiiveki 2-3 kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa elide-esebenza bronchodilators ulwamkelo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho zonke bronchodilators linokwenziwa abantwana, oomama ukonga kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise le amayeza qiniseka ukuba udibane nogqirha wakho.

oyi

Ukuba wabelwe bronchodilators, ukuphathwa kweziyobisi kunye idosi mawulandelwe ngokuthe ngqo, ukuze impilo yabo.

Unyango kwabantwana nokusetyenziswa డొమైన్ idomeyini okanye inhaler bronchodilator ukuqhuba ngokungqongqo phantsi kweliso omdala.

Kufuneka silumke ngakumbi ekunyangeni abantu ukuba:

• nokuphazamiseka Heart isingqisho.
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Diabetes osegazini.
• Glaucoma.

Isilumkiso kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye nezinye bronchodilators sympathomimetics. Qaphela ukuba hypokalaemia ingaqala ngelixa ukuqeshwa theophylline, corticosteroids, womchamo.

Bronchodilators kufuneka kuthathwe kuphela kagqirha. Khumbula ukuba self-iyeza esisongela ubomi bakho.