Inkqubo yokucola: umsebenzi nokuba isigqeba

Enye yeendima ezibalulekileyo umzimba womntu - amalungu ayo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Le indibanisela uhlobo ababecwangcise baze balungiselele, ukuze umnini wayo wakwazi ukuba simunce kutya osetyenzisiweyo zonke ezibaluleke kakhulu ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kwathi ngexesha elifanayo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa zisebenza ezinjalo "umlingo" iindlela, okuyinto usindisa izifo kuthi, ityhefu tyhefu, nkqu ukuvumela ukuba nokulungelelanisa iivithamini ebalulekileyo. Xa sijonga ukubaluleka kwale omzimba ezintsonkothileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba anyamekele.

Cinga yintoni inkqubo yokucola ukutya, imisebenzi yenkqubo yokwetyisa , nathi, musa ukumyekela bodwa. Uza kufunda oko kuya kwenziwa ukuba izifo zesisu.

Zeziphi imizimba ziyinxalenye yenkqubo zokwetyisa?

Inkqubo sokugaya ibandakanya le arhente zilandelayo kunye namasebe:

• umlomo amadlala wayo ilungu amathe;
• emqaleni;
• indawo ye kuvuleke iminxunya;
• isisu;
• amancinane enkulu yethumbu;
• isibindi;
• pancreas.

Emva koko, siza kuqwalasela ubume kunye nomsebenzi kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Le theyibhile ingezantsi inika isishwankathelo iinxalenye usemthethweni iphecana zesisu.

Ukuba ujonga isakhiwo amalungu kwenkqubo, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba wokugaya i ubude tube yeemitha 7-9. Ezinye amadlala ezinkulu ibekwe ngaphandle kwenkqubo kweendonga yaye umyalezo wakhe.

Le peculiarity yale iseti amalungu ukuba zifunjwe compact kakhulu. phecana esentlango, ephuma emlonyeni ukuya empundu ukuya kwi-900 cm, kodwa ulunga emzimbeni ukukwazi ukunceda izihlunu umendo zokwetyisa kuseko ephambuka kunye bend. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wethu - hayi kuphela uluhlu amalungu kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Siye kwakhona ngocoselelo zonke iinkqubo ezenzekayo nganye phecana zesisu.

scheme GI jikelele umsebenzi

Oral kwisisu, pharynx kunye kuvuleke iminxunya ngokwenene ulwalathiso umva.

Ngoku makhe sihlolisise ngokufutshane ukulandelelana sicatshulwa ukutya ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokwetyisa. amacandelo zokondla engena umzimba womntu ngomlomo lokuvula. Ngaphezu koko, ubunzima kufuneka emqaleni, leyo phambana wokugaya kunye isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Emva kweli khadi ithunyelwa bolus phantsi emphinjeni. Zingahlafunwa kwaye ogalelwe ngamathe, ukutya kuya esiswini. nabasemagunyeni ingxenye yokugcina emphinjeni kubekwe kwindawo esiswini: isisu, iimfama encinane, amacandelo colon emathunjini, kwaye umhlaza: wesibindi nepancreas.

Isinqe kukuba emathunjini tye. Ukutya lweHo- nesisu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo iimveliso, kodwa ingadluli ixesha elinikiweyo iiyure eziliqela. Ngeli xesha, i njalo-ebizwa zabelwe emzimbeni em- ijusi esiswini. Ukutya uba ulwelo, ukuxubana kwenzeka kunye eziswini. Ukuqhubekela phambili, ubunzima ongena emathunjini amancinci. Apha umsebenzi enqanda inika kokupheliswa ngakumbi kwezinto zesondlo ibe iikhompawundi elula ukuba bafakwe ngaphandle kobunzima kungena egazini kunye nkovu.

Eminye ntsalela mass ihambe kwi Amathumbu amakhulu, apho ukufakwa kwamanzi kunye nokusekwa kwe esitulweni. Enyanisweni, ezi zizinto ezo ukudla kwaye akwenzekanga ukuba bangene egazini kunye nkovu. Bona kususwa kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle ngokusebenzisa empundwini.

Yintoni amathe kwabantu?

Kwi isifo somlomo, eqala ukulandelelana sicatshulwa ukutya ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokucola ukutya, kukho ezinkulu nezincinane kwamadlala amathe. Ezinkulu abo ukuba ibekwe ecaleni iindlebe, phantsi imihlathi phantsi kolwimi. Iintlobo ezimbini zokugqibela kwamadlala amathe bavelise imfihlelo mixed: bona cell namathe okanye emanzini. Amadlala kufuphi izikhwebu bayakwazi ukuvelisa yencindi kuphela. Izinkcwe kunokuba kakhulu lukhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukusetyenziswa yejusi yelamuni ungakwazi ukumelana ku ml 7.5 ngomzuzu.

Uninzi amathe ngamanzi, kodwa iqulethe enzyme: amylase kunye maltase. Ezi enzyme inkqubo ukwetyisa eliqhutywa kwisisu ngomlomo: amylase basenza starch ibe maltose, nto leyo ngakumbi Ndinamathele glucose yi maltase. Ukutya emlonyeni oluthatha - akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-20, ngelo xesha ke otashi akukho ixesha ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo. Amathe ayidli mhlawumbi yokusabela cala okanye ialakalin kancinane. Kwakhona kule medium ulwelo iqulethe iproteni lysozyme okhethekileyo, nto leyo eye iipropati bactericidal.

Landela emphinjeni

inkqubo sokugaya le kuvuleke iminxunya zilandelayo iminxeba uyenzela umlomo amalungu omzimba umqala zesisu. Ukuba uqwalasela oko ngokwemeko kodonga, oko ngokucacileyo yahlulwe ngeengcamba ezintathu. Udibaniso yi umsipha kwaye nciphisa. Le mfanelo yenza kube lula ukuhambisa ukutya ukusuka pharynx ukuya isisu. musculature Esophageal uvelisa cuts undulated ukuba kusuka phezulu umzimba xa ixesha layo yonke. Kunye elingaphesheya bolus ecaleni ugwebu ityhubhu kukho nakuvula sphincter esiswini.

Le imisipha ogcina ukutya esiswini kwaye uthintele ukusuka ihamba kwicala elahlukileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuvala sphincter liyafa kunye izihlwele zifunxe nga xulutywa emphinjeni. Reflux livela, umntu uziva heartburn.

Esiswini esiswini ezifihlakeleyo

Siyaqhubeka ukufunda ulandelelwano kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Kule emphinjeni kufuneka isisu. Eyendawo naye - ikota yesangqa ephezulu ekhohlo kwi kummandla epigastric. Lo mzimba - ukuba omnye, njengoko sokongezelela wokugaya kunye eludongeni muscled.

Imilo nobukhulu esiswini luxhomekeke ngqo kwi okubhalwe kulo. umzimba engenanto linobude-20 cm, umgama phakathi kweendonga -. 7-8 cm Ukuba olungephi ukuya bazalise isisu, ubude bayo iya kuba malunga ne-25 cm, nobubanzi - 12 cm ilungu isitya kwakhona ingohluka ngokuxhomekeke iqondo nenzaliseko kunye. kuyahluka iilitha 1.5 ukuya kwezingama-4. Xa umntu usela, izihlunu esiswini buyasikhulula isingxobo, yaye oku sihlala kude kuye ekupheleni kwesidlo. Kodwa naxa isidlo phezu, izihlunu isisu ukwimeko msebenzi. Ukutya emhlabeni, kukho inkqubo yayo mechanical nemichiza yi intshukumo kwezihlunu. ukutya ukudla ihambisa ukuya emathunjini amancinci.

Ngaphakathi esiswini igcwele kunye inwebu uxakaxa kunye nobuninzi pleats, apho ibekwe yesinye. umsebenzi wabo - yokwaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngayo ukutya. iiseli isisu ukuvelisa enzyme, zehydrochloric acid kunye secretion mucoid. Bolus buzane zonke ezi izinto ezi emhlabeni exutyiweyo. Izihlunu, izivumelwano, ukukhuthaza ukugaywa.

Yintoni na incindi esiswini?

juice esiswini na ulwelo ezingenambala kunye ukusabela acid, ezichaza ubukho zehydrochloric acid. Kukho amaqela amathathu aphambili enzyme:

• protease (ubukhulu becala pepsin) ukuyinamathelisa iiproteni neemolekyuli polypeptide;
• lipase omele phezu molekyuli amanqatha, iguqulela zibe okunamafutha acid kunye glycerol (esiswini ngobisi lwanamathela emulsified lwenkomo ezityetyisiweyo kuphela);
• amylases amathe kuqhubeka umsebenzi kwi cleavage of carbohydrate lunzima iswekile ezilula (njengoko bolus ke buzane ngokupheleleyo juice asidi esiswini, enzayim amylolytic ezi inactivated).

Zehydrochloric acid lilungu ebaluleke kakhulu netuwa wokudla, njengoko kukhokelela enzyme pepsin esebenzayo, ukulungiselela iimolekyuli cleavage protein, ubisi curdled khipha zonke iintsholongwane. ukukhululwa esiswini kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngexesha isidlo kwaye ithatha iiyure 4-6. Iyonke ngalinye ulwelo anikwa ngosuku ukhululeka iilitha 2.5.

An into umdla kukuba inani kunye nokwakhiwa juice esiswini kuxhomekeke umgangatho ukutya ozayo. Eli nani likhulu nqwelo ngokufihlakeleyo ngenxa yesisu zonke iiprothini, zincinane - in kukufakwa ebengumfo onengxeba ukutya. Xa juice ephilayo kakhulu esiswini okunempilo iqulethe isixa olude elikhulu zehydrochloric acid, i-pH isusela ukusuka 1.5-1.8.

unobumba omncinci

Xa ucinga ntoni imizimba ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yokwetyisa, yinto enye yesifundo - emathunjini amancinci. Le nkqubo ngenxa yesisu wabahlula evela pylorus esiswini kwaye ubude bayo kweemitha ezi-6. It yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezininzi:

• 12 duodenum yeyona imfutshane kunye nokwahlula olunzulu ubude bayo imalunga-30 cm;
• emathunjini ezinqinileyo luphawulwa nokuhla le mithambo kunye nobude-2.5 m;
• ileum nto ngumxhesho kakhulu imxinwa ikhadi ezingcakacileyo, ubude bayo ngu-3.5 m.

Le emathunjini amancinci imi kwisisu ngohlobo kweziporo zikaloliwe. Phambi kokuba wayifulela omentum yokuxazulula kuphela phecana zamafu wokudla. Umsebenzi emathunjini amancinci - ukuqhubeka ekudibaneni kwemichiza inamacandelo ukutya, ukuxubana kwayo, zithunyelwe kwisebe zamafu.

Udonga umzimba isakhiwo eqhelekileyo kuwo onke amacandelo wokugaya kwaye ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• umaleko uxakaxa;
• submucosal inyama kunye awo luvo, namadlala, nkovu kunye imithambo yegazi;
• lolwabo imisipha, nto leyo iquka longitudinal lwangaphandle kwaye izaleko setyhula lwangaphakathi ichithwe therebetween umaleko kwizicwili nempahla yegazi kunye luvo (maleko dystrophy unoxanduva ukuxuba ihamba ecaleni inkqubo zifunxe ukutya);
• serosa kuba mpuluswa kwaye moisturized, singabi ukukhuhlana phakathi imizimba ngokwabo.

Iimpawu ukudla kwi emathunjini amancinci

Amadlala ifakwe wamathumbu isakhiwo inyama imfihlelo ekwanti. Ikhusela isifo ekonzakalisweni yaye ngomhla umsebenzi enzyme. inyama yangaphakathi yakha ezininzi kuThixo pleats omnidirectional, kwaye oku kwandisa ndawo sokufunxa. Inani namacandelo data kunciphisa ukuya emathunjini enkulu. Ukusuka ngaphakathi isifo le villi amancinci emathunjini neentlambo obuninzi obubonisa ukuba yesisu.

Eli medium 12 icandelo awana nge hit kodwa kusehla pH imixholo isisu. Nepancreas umoya uye kule ndawo, yaye alkalizes mfihlakalo bolus yayo, apho eliphakathi kulo mzekelo iba cala. Ngenxa yoko, ii-enzayim esiswini are inactivated.

A amagama ambalwa malunga amadlala zokugaya

inkqubo yokucola uye kwamadlala duct yonyango. Le injeke likhipha juice njengokuba ukutya umntu kunye nenombolo yakhe kuxhomekeke ukwakheka ukutya. Protein ukudla lukwakhuthaza secretion lexikulu kunye namafutha ukuba nomkhwezeli. Iyonke ngalinye nepancreas ngosuku ivelisa iilitha 2.5 yesiselo.

Kwakhona emathunjini amancinci ngayo yabela senyongo yayo mfihlakalo. Emva kwemizuzu emi-5 kuphela ukususela ekuqaleni kwesidlo iqala ngenkuthalo ukuvelisa inyongo, leyo isebenze zonke enzayim yencindi yewayini emathunjini. Mna le mfihlakalo, uqinisa umsebenzi iphecana motor wokudla, namandla baxube kunye nentshukumo ukutya. I-12 Isebe sikwetyise malunga nesiqingatha iiprothini yokutya neswekile, kwakunye yinxalenye encinane ngamanqatha. Xa siqala emathunjini enzymatic elincinane oganikhi khompawundi ingeniso, kodwa ngaphantsi ngokunzima kwaye Parietal ukufunxeka uphawu esikhulu. Eyona ngokunzima le nkqubo lwenzeka emva kweeyure 1-2 emva kwesidlo. Lidlula yokusebenza efana amanyathelo esiswini.

Amathumbu amakhulu - isikhululo ukugaywa wokugqibela

Esi sisiphelo isabelo iphecana zesisu, ubude bayo umalunga 2 m. Amagama akhawunti inkqubo yokucola ye zabo yokwakheka, nangengqiqo waqonda ukuba eli candelo unalo mithambo liphezulu. Ububanzi ikholoni lifinyele ukusuka cm-7 ukuya ku-4 kwi zisihla kwisebe wamathumbu. Kule ndawo imimandla zilandelayo cell wokugaya:

• cecum, isihlomelo ukuba, okanye isihlomelo;
• unyuka colon bahlukana;
• colon ezinqamlezayo;
• insimbi colon isabelo;
• colon sigmoid;
• isebe ngqo, ophela ezimpundu.

ukutya ukudla engena evela emathunjini amancinci ukuya enkulu ngesikrotyana encinane ngohlobo noqhoqhoqho zibekwe tyaba. Kukho uhlobo sphincter vana kunye umlebe onqanda ikhadi lingenwe iimfama umxholo kwicala elahlukileyo.

Zeziphi iinkqubo kuqhubeka emathunjini enkulu?

Ukuba yonke inkqubo ukwetyisa kuthatha iiyure phakathi omnye ezintathu, uninzi beko yabelwe kwi iqhuma kwi ikholoni. Yenza ukuphunyezwa sokufunxa isiqulatho Ukhuliso kwezinto eziyimfuneko kunye namanzi, ukuhamba endleleni, ukwakhiwa kunye nokususwa ngendle. yamihla le period ke ukuthathwa ukutya zifunxe kwi Amathumbu amakhulu emva kweeyure 3-3.5 emva kwesidlo. Eli sebe igcwele emini, kulandele yokulahla ngokupheleleyo iiyure 48-72.

Xa ikholoni kukho nokufunxwa glucose, ii-asidi acid, iivithamini kunye nezinye izinto eziveliswe ziibhaktheriya kweli sebe, kwaye uninzi (95%), amanzi kunye electrolytes ezahlukeneyo.

Abemi iphecana zesisu

Phantse onke amaziko kunye iinxalenye ometyiso zimiwe amagciwane. Kuphela esiswini unalo inzalo ozalanayo (ukudla) ngenxa imeko asidi. Eli nani likhulu iintsholongwane kwi ikholoni yi - ukuya ku-10 ezigidi / 1 g of ngendle. microflora eqhelekileyo GI zamafu ekuthiwa eubioz kwaye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu:

• ithintela uphuhliso ezincinane izifo;
• Yindibanisela iivithamini B kunye K, iienzymes, iihomoni kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo umntu;
• kokusasaza kwincindi, isiHindi kunye pectins.

Umgangatho kunye nobungakanani microflora lomntu ngamnye wahlukile kwaye kulawulwa zombini iimeko zangaphandle nangaphakathi.

Khathalela impilo yakho!

Njengalo naluphi na ilungu lomzimba womntu, inkqubo yokucola zingaba semngciphekweni zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokufuthi zidityaniswa kunye hit evela kwamagciwane ngaphandle. Noko ke, ukuba umntu esempilweni nesisu usebenza ngaphandle sohlolo, zonke iintsholongwane eziyingozi bagwetyelwe kutshabalala kwindawo asidi. Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile umzimba lisebenza ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngoko phantse naluphi na usulelo ukuphuhlisa nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ezifana nomhlaza kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Yonke lento iqala ngo amancinci: ukutya okungenazakha-mzimba, ukungabikho kwizidlo yomgrayo ukutya ezinezikhondo, utywala uyadinga zokutya, ukutshaya, ntshikilelo, nezingafezekanga, indawo amahlwempu kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi ngcembe atshabalalise umzimba wakho nimqumbise uphuhliso izifo.

inkqubo yokucola abasengozini impembelelo etshabalalisayo ezivela ngaphandle. Ngoko ke musa ukulibala ukuba bapase iimviwo lonyango ngendlela ngexesha ukuba udibane nogqirha xa kukho lokungaphumeleli ekusebenzeni eqhelekileyo umzimba.