Inkqubo ye-Sfumato kwimifanekiso: iimpawu, imizekelo

I-Sfumato kwimifanekiso yindlela ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngu-Leonardo da Vinci. Kuze kube ngoku, kuvuyisayo kubaphulaphuli kunye nokunyaniseka kweengcali zabaculi. Siza kukuxelela malunga neendlela ezibhaliweyo zale ndlela yokubhala, ngubani owawusebenzisa nalapho ungabona khona namhlanje i-masterpieces of sfumato.

Inkcazo

Igama lesiTaliyane elithi "sfumato" ngokwezwi nezwi lithetha "ukunyamalala njengomsi". Kwi-Renaissance eli qela laqala ukusetyenziswa ngabadwebi, okuchaza phantsi kwalo mfanekiso ocebile. Kamva eli qela laqala ukusetyenziswa egameni lobuchwephesha obukhethekileyo ekudluliseni i-halftones.

Izixhobo zobuGcisa

Kukholelwa ukuba uLeonardo da Vinci, obhekwa njengokhokho we-Sfumato, wasishwankathela kwaye waphucula iindlela zokudluliselwa kwe-halftone ekhoyo ngexesha lokuzalwa kwe-Italy. Inkqubo kukusebenzisa iindawo ezigqithiseleyo, ezingapheliyo ezingaphelelaniyo, kodwa zifake umnyama okanye zikhanyise iziqwenga zento. Ukuqhaqha kwamathambo okwehlukileyo kombala ukuvumela ukudala umva wehaze, inkungu. I-Sfumato kwimzobo kaLeonard da da Vinci yazaliswa. Izifundo zanamhlanje zibonisa ukuba zingasebenzisa iziqendu ezine-micron i-3-4 kuphela. Izindlela ze-Sfumato zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula isikhungo sokubumba. Iintambo ezifihliweyo zikuvumela ukuba ugcizelele ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo into ebalulekileyo kunalo. I-half-tones ishintshela ngokuthe ngcembe kwisithunzi esincinci, ingabi nemida ebonakalayo yenguqu.

I-Classic sfumato idalwe ngoncedo lweepeyinti ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo. Ukuze usebenze, abaculi basebenzise i-sandable brusehes evumela ukuba wenze imivimbo engabonakaliyo engabonakaliyo. Kamva, ubuchule bokuthi "ibhulashi eyomileyo" yabonakala, xa, ngokugqithiseleyo, umculi wayedlula imivimbo elula kakhulu encinane yomxube owomileyo womxube. Kwaye emva kokumisa okupheleleyo komfanekiso, wayesesusa umlinganiselo ogqithisiweyo ukushiya umgca wecala.

Impawu ezahlukileyo ze-sfumato

Ukubona yonke i-charm ye-sfumato kwimidwebo ingabakho kwiinqwelo zikaLeonardo da Vinci. Imvelaphi yeendlela zakhe zokuzikhusela ayikho into ecacileyo, imigca echazweyo kunye ne-smears. Imvelaphi ye-Smokey ne-blurry ikuvumela ukuba ugxininise ingqalelo yombukeli kwinto ephambili yomfanekiso. Kulesi siqhelo esithambileyo sinika umkhiqizo wezulu kunye nobunzulu.

Kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle ukuba i-sfumato yindlela ekhethekileyo. Akunjalo. Ngokufanayo uLeonardo wasebenzisa le ndlela kwiprojeksi. Ukufezekisa i-shading kunye ne-shading. Kwakhona le nqubo isebenza ngokuphumelelayo kwindlela yokwakheka. Ukutshintsha umlinganiselo wexinzelelo kwi-brush pastel, umculi ufezekisa iqondo elithile lobunzima bombala, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwesitya esinamanzi kukuvumela ukuba ufumane iqondo elithile lobunzulu bomfanekiso. Kwakhona nakwii-pastels ukudala umphumo we-sfumato usebenzisa i-feather kunye ne-tint. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ususe umda phakathi kombala kunye nokutshintsha kweetoni kwaye ufumane umphumo onqwenelekayo wefog kunye nehaze.

Imisebenzi kaLeonardo

Kukho abantu abambalwa kuphela abaza kuvela ngenye into emitsha kwimifanekiso, kwaye omnye wabo nguLeonardo da Vinci. Ukwamkelwa kwipeyinti ye-sfumato, kunye nombono wendawo, yinto ebalulekileyo yokufumana umculi. Xa sithetha nge-sfumato, ngoko ke, sikhumbula i-dapiki ye-da Vinci - "La Gioconda". Imvelaphi yalo msebenzi ngumzekelo wepeyinti yeklasi "yokutshaya". Umfanekiso we-Mona Lisa uba yinto ephawulekayo kwaye igxininise ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokusabalalisa, okungekho namandla kunye nomoya onjalo. Imfihlelo yokumomotheka kwakhe kubangelwa kukungabonakali kwemvelaphi. Kwakhona, inqubo ye-Sfumato kwimifanekiso iboniswa kwimisebenzi emininzi yintloko, kuquka "iMadonna emadwaleni", "iMadonna noMntwana", "uYohane uMbhaptizi", "iMadonna ngeCarnation".

UManyano

Ukuphuhliswa kwayo kwe-sfumato kwipayili yafunyanwa ngobunjineli ngobumbano. Yimpawu ngokuyinhloko kaRafael. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-classic sfumato, imibala eqaqambileyo isetyenziselwa kumanyano, kwaye imida yezo zibalo zihlala zikhankanywe. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo osisiseko wokungagqibekanga kwenguqu ye-tonal kunye nokungafihli kugcinwe apha, okudala ukuvakalelwa komoya kwinqwelo. Le ndlela entsha, ukubandakanya iimpawu eziphambili ze-sfumato, kunye nezinye iindlela zokudweba i-Italia zimelelwe ngolu hlobo nguRafael njenge "Graces Three" kunye neqela elithi "Madonna" lexesha le-Florentine.

Kandjiante

Ukuvela kwe-sfumato kwipayili kuye kwabangela ukuba kukho iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, uMichelangelo udala inguqu yakhe yeendlela ezininzi zokubhala-kandzhiante. Le ndlela isekelwe ekuhanjisweni kokukhanya kunye nesithunzi, kodwa, ngokungafani ne-sfumato, apho utshintshi luye lwahlulwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ukusetyenziswa kombala kusetyenziswa apha. Umsebenzi wokwamkela ufana-ukunika umfanekiso ophezulu kunye nombono. Umzekelo ocacileyo walolu cwangciso ngumsebenzi kaMichelangelo "Madonna waseDoni."

Chiaroscuro

Ukubonakala kwe-sfumato kwipayili yokuchukumisa abaculi ekufuneni amathuba afanayo kwishedyuli. Oku kwakhokelela ekuveleni kweteknoloji yamathala amaninzi kyaroskuro. Iqukethe imifanekiso echanekileyo yokushicilela ukusuka kwiibhodi eziliqela, ezikuvumela ukuba udlulise umdlalo wokukhanya kunye nesithunzi kwaye udale ukwakheka okukhulu. Ukhokho walolu cwangciso wayengumculi waseNtaliyane u- Ugo da Carli. Inkosi eyaziwayo kakhulu eyayiphethe le nkqubo yayiyinkqubo yesiFrentshi yaseGeorges de Latour.

Abalandeli bakaDa Vinci

Ukususela ngexesha likaLeonardo Sfumato kwimifanekiso, imizekelo yinto enokufumaneka emazweni ahlukeneyo, iye yaba yinkqubo yobudala yokudala imisebenzi enzulu. Amatriki amaninzi asetyenziswayo kwaye asebenzise le ndlela. Abalandeli bakaDa Vinci abaphawulekayo yiTitian, uJohn Abeling, uOmar Galliani.