Inkcubeko Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya yabalasela ngokuvela enkcubeko, owaziwa ngelika "age yegolide". Russian inkcubeko ngenkulungwane ye-19 dumile kulo lonke ihlabathi kunye phambili yamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngeendlela ezininzi. Xa ubuchule classicism kwavunywa, nto leyo kubonakaliswe bokwakha, uncwadi, umculo.

Xa Alexander I, umgaqo-nkqubo "absolutism bakhanyiselwa", ezijolise kuphuhliso lwemfundo, ukuxhasa le mveliso, yena axhasa ubugcisa nenzululwazi.

Ngubani wenyuka etroneni ngowe-1825 Nicholas I waphum nkqubo zinkuni, leyo wayama amapolisa kunye nabasemagunyeni.

Le sesakhiwo kwenkulungwane ye-19

nempembelelo enkulu phezu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi art kunye noluntu iye loyiso kwiMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812. Ngoko ke, inkcubeko Russian kwesiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-19 uphawuleka mazwi yobuzwe. A vangama iziganeko ezizukileyo kunokubonwa kwi bokwakha. A wezakhiwo onesiphiwo, oyinzalelwane ngamakhoboka Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin yaba ngunozala i Kazan Cathedral. Kuye wakhawulwa njenge uhlobo noPawulos le Cathedral of St .. uPetros eRoma. Voronikhin nako ukungena ngempumelelo kwisakhiwo xa lomculo umbindi St. Petersburg Nevsky Ithemba. Kazan Cathedral, nto leyo eye yaba sisikhumbuzo kwimfazwe 1812 , yaba yindawo yokungcwaba Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzova. Kwi entanjeni iconostasis kwathabatha iikhilogram zesilivere zamashumi mane, leyo laxhwilwa isiFrentshi ize ibuyiselwe Cossacks. Kwakukho izibhengezo angaligcinanga iindwe amajoni baseFransi.

yokudweba

Xa umzobo, ifoto art kuphuhliswa. Enye eziphawuleka kakhulu ngabapeyinti umfanekiso Russian yaloo maxesha yabona OA Kiprensky. style Romantic of inkcubeko Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19 kuphuhliswa kwixesha lesiphithiphithi kwezopolitiko ababelawula eYurophu, apho kwakukho iimfazwe ngxwaba uNapoleon. Eli xesha fanele lo mfanekiso odumileyo Hussar Colonel Denis Davydov ukusebenza Kiprensky. Eni amabhinqa Kiprensky wayedlulisela imfudumalo kunye lyricism yemifanekiso. Le artist wayefuna ukubonisa imizobo kwakhe abantu ababonakalisa lolawulo zembali.

umculo

Indlela ezaziwa inkcubeko Russian kwenkulungwane ye-19 sebenzisa kuzo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa. Ngenxa yoko, umculo wayo waba ngummeli eliphambili uMikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Ukuyiphi eli binzana: "Umculo yenza abantu, siya kwenza amalungiselelo oko kuphela". Waba ngunozala we-opera yesizwe classical (fabulously opera uyindumasi "Ruslan and Lyudmila", wesizwe musical drama "Ubomi kuba Tsar").

iincwadi

Yinxalenye ingqiqo ka "inkcubeko ngenkulungwane ye-19" kuncwadi Russian kukuba ngeli xesha liye lakhula laba elinye eziphambili ehlabathini. Ababhali ekudaleni imisebenzi Classic yayibalaseliswa nangentando nobuthandazwe. Kwakukho amaphephancwadi: yentlalo-yezopolitiko kunye noncwadi. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ke walawula sentimentalism, nto leyo ummeli eliphambili NM Karamzin. Emva koko indawo romanticism, leyo lubonakaliswa imisebenzi V. A. Zhukovskogo. Sentimentalism kwenza novelwano umfundi kunye amaqhawe waba uvakalelo ngokwenene. ababhali Romantic kuphikisana oonobumba yobuqhawe yoluntu kunye nomdla kwindalo kunye nembali abantu kwamanye amazwe.

Nawuphi na umntu inkcubeko abafundileyo Russian lwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 akukho ngaphandle Pushkin, ukubunjwa yakhe ibe yimbongi kwenzeka sizoku lwisana yenzondelelo izwe eluntwini nto leyo iye yakhula kubulelwe uloyiso kwi-1812 imfazwe. Njengoko imbeko indlela uthando kudala Pushkin umbongo "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila". Kule mibongo lasemzantsi wazukisa umxholo inkululeko. Umbongo ekuqaleni "The Village" yaye "Inkululeko 'intetho malunga ubumi wembongi. Ekupheleni ubomi A. S. Pushkin wadala yobuciko ezifana umdlalo "Boris Godunov" kwaye inoveli "Eugene Onegin". Imbongi ababanga ngemisebenzi yakhe kukugubungela zonke iintlobo kwaye likugqinile ngazibini misebenzi yakhe.

Olu ayilo luhlu olupheleleyo eziyimpumelelo inkcubeko enkulu Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19. Uye wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lobugcisa lwesizwe kunye nemfundo, kwaye iye yaba nempembelelo enkulu kwi inkcubeko yehlabathi.