Inkcazo, indawo, uphuhliso loqoqosho, abantu base-Iraq. Ukwazi i-Middle East

IRiphabhlikhi yase-Iraq yindawo e-South-West Asia. Ummandla wayo ungaphezu kwama-435 square metres. Km. Inani labantu base-Iraq li malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-36.

Ngokufutshane malunga nombuso

Ngasenyakatho, umngcele weli lizwe udlula neTurkey, kwaye ngasentshonalanga kufikelela kwiSiriya neJordan. Ngaselunxwemeni-ntshona-mpuma, amazwe ahlamba ngamanzi asePersian Gulf - oku kungabonakaliswa ngokufumana i-Iraq kwimaphu. Ngasempuma liphela ne-Iran, kodwa kukho imimandla engathintekiyo kumda ongasungulwa ngokusemthethweni.

Inkulu ye-Iraq yiBaghdad. Esi sixeko sithathwa njengenye yezona zikhulu zolawulo oluphambili eMbindi Mpuma. Ukongezelela, kubaluleke kakhulu kwiziko lezothutho. Njengoko sithe satsho ngaphambili, inani labantu base-Iraq lihluka phakathi kwabantu abayizigidi ezingama-36, kwaye ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-6 zazo zihlala kwi-capital.

Ngohlobo loorhulumente, eli lizwe lilizwe lasephalamende lephondo. I-Iraq ihlukaniswe ngamaphondo angama-18.

Ukuzimela kukaRhulumente bekukho ngo-1932. Ukususela ngo-1979 ukuya ku-2003, uSaddam Hussein walawula ilizwe. Kulo lonke ixesha lakhe likamongameli, abantu base-Iraq bafumana inxaxheba emkhosini, okwakungenako ukuzuza ukukhula koqoqosho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphila.

Indawo yeendawo

Intsimi yeli lizwe lisezantsi kweMesopotamiya, phakathi kweendlambo ezimbini zemifula ephakathi empuma-iTigris ne-Ewufrathe. Le ndawo ininzi idumile. Bekulapha ukuba enye yeenkqubela zokuqala zabantu, iSomerian, yavela. Kamva kula mazwe kwakunezinye iindawo-iBhabhiloni neAsiriya. Kwinkulungwane ye-VII, ezi zizwe zanqotshwa ngama-Arabhu, kwaye apha i-Islam isasazeka.

Ukuqwalasela i-Iraq kwimaphu, uyabona ukuba indawo yendawo ihlukaniswe kwiindawo ezine zemvelo.

1. Intsimi enkulu yelizwe itholakala kwintlambo yaseMesopotamiya, enyakatho-ntshona apho inkqubo ephantsi yentaba - iSinjar - ikhula.
2. Ukusuka ngasentla, urhulumente ujikeleza iziqithi zase - Iranian. Kulapha ukuba indawo ephambili yelizwe yi-Haji-Ibrahim entabeni, i-3,587 m.
3. Kwintshona-ntshona-ntshona yintlango yenkangala - intlango yaseSiriya.
4. Inxalenye esempuma yintlambo ye-El Jazeera.

Amanzi angaphakathi

Umbuso we-Iraq awutyebile kwinkqubo emlambo yamanzi, kodwa apha yile mibini ibaluleke kakhulu imitha yamanzi eMiddle East-iTigris ne-Ewufrathe. Amanzi ale milambo asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. Izikhululo zezikhululo zamanzi zombane zakhiwe kwimilambo. Kwimntla-ntshona-mhlaba, imilambo yomibini idibanisa kumnye umlambo weShatt al-Arab, okhokelela kwiPersian Gulf.

Le ndlela yamanzi kuyo yonke indawo ishinti kwaye ihamba ngeendlela. Kwiintlango, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nokuhamba kwexeshana ezizaliswe ngamanzi ngexesha lokunqumla, kodwa zomekile kwiindawo ezomileyo.

Izimo zemozulu e-Iraq

Urhulumente usekuhlaleni kwemozulu ephantsi komhlaba, ngokushisa okushisayo kunye nobusika obusika. Kukho utshintsho kwiinyanga zonyaka, kodwa ezimbini kuphela zivakaliswa: ihlobo kunye nobusika. Ihlobo lase-Iraq liqala ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuOktobha, ubusika ukususela ngoDisemba ukuya ekupheleni kukaMatshi.

Urhulumente ubonakaliswe ngumlinganiselo ophantsi wezantyalongo ngunyaka. Ngethuba lehlobo, apheli ngokupheleleyo, okubangela ukuba abantu base-Iraq bakwazi ukwenza ubuninzi bemithombo yamanzi emifula. Ebusika, kumathafeni, imvula iyahluka phakathi kwe-50-150 mm. Ukufudukela enyakatho, banda kwaye inani elikhulu ukuya kuma-1500 mm / ngonyaka lifikile ezintabeni.

Iziqhwala kunye namaqabunga zizinto ezingaqhelekanga kwi-Iraq. Iqondo lokushisa likaJulayi lingama-32 ° С-35 ° С, kwaye ama-temperature aseJanuwari aphakathi kwezi-16 ° С - 18 ° С.

Isiqalo sesimo saloo mmoya sisimo somoya. Ihlobo liyashisa, ukusuka ngasenyakatho-ntshona. Bathwala izihlwele ezinkulu zehlabathi, kunye nezidalwa ezinqabileyo. Ixesha elichanekileyo leli xesha liphuma ngoMeyi ukuya kuJulayi. Ngeli xesha, iimoya ezinjalo ziyabetha imihla ngemihla. Ebusika, ulawulo lwazo luya kutshintshela ngasenyakatho-mpuma.

Iimpawu zityalo, inyama kunye nenhlabathi

Imilambo yomlambo inomhlabathi owaneleyo, kodwa idinga ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo. Apha, abantu basekuhlaleni bayabandakanyeka kwezolimo. Kwiindawo ezisemzantsi - inhlabathi enesihlabathi, engafanelekanga ukukhula kwezityalo. Kwimimandla esempuma, ngokuqhelekileyo, iqhutywe.

I-flora nezilwanyana zelizwe azibandakanyi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukwabiwa kweentlobo zentlango zasentlango kunye neentropic. Ukususela kwizilwanyana, kukho i-galele, iimbungulu kunye namafiya enemizila. I-cobra enetyhefu ixhaphake yonke indawo. Kwaye kwimilambo namachibi apho kukho iintlanzi ezininzi.

Ubemi kunye nolwaseburhulumenteni

Ubalo lokugqibela lubonise ukuba abantu base-Iraq babonakaliswe ukwanda okulungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeengxabano zempi, kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe kakhulu.

Ipesenti enkulu yabemi baseArabhu. Njengepesenti yazo - i-75%, i-Kurds - i-18%, kunye ne-7% eseleyo iwela kwamanye amazwe (iArmenian, i-Turkmens, iAsiriya, njl.).

Ulwimi olusemthethweni lweli lizwe yi-Arabhu. IsiHurdish nayo isasazeka-sinesimo seelwimi ezisemthethweni kunye neArabhu. Uninzi lwabemi belizwe libiza iSislam (ngaphezulu kwama-95%) kunye ne-3% kuphela-yobuKristu.

I-Iraq iyipublic republic republic. Abameli beentlanga ezintathu zabantu base-Iraq - amaShiites, amaSunni namaKurds-bahlala epalamente. Umgaqo-siseko welizwe wabonwa kuphela ngo-2005, uvunyiwe kwi-referendum kazwelonke.

Amadolophu ase-Iraq kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho

E-Iraq, kukho izixeko ezi-6 ezinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi zabantu. Yiyo ke inkulu, iBrara, i-Najaf, i-Erbil, njl. Amaphondo (iirhuluneti) ahlulwe kwizithili (kazy) nakwizithili (nakhii). Kwimntla yelizwe, ummandla wase-Kurdish Autonomous Region wasungulwa.

Ngenxa yeemfazwe eziphindaphindiweyo, iimpizo zempi, uqoqosho lwe-Iraqi luseburhulumenteni. Imveliso kuphela eyomeleleyo yimveliso yeoli. Bahambisa "igolide elimnyama" kumazwe angomakhelwane.