Ingxaki lilolo kwinoveli "iNkosi noMargarita" Bulgakov

umfundi ngamnye i "bible". MA Bulgakov wanika abantu imisebenzi embalwa ukuba unako ukubeka ibango ukuya erenkini omkhulu onje. Kwindawo yokuqala umfundi qatha engqondweni le inoveli "The Master noMargarita."

Isizungu umoya uphefumlwa yi amaqhawe

Lilolo - inyaniso yokuqala yobukho bomntu. Abantu bazalwa yedwa bafe - oko ulilolo. Kwaye ukuba kakhulu ngokuphandle bathi, ubomi kunye umntu akakwazi ngenene nomntu ukwabelana. Ayikwazi ngempumelelo kutshata, azale neqela labantwana, kodwa nzulu ezantsi, ukuba abe yedwa ngokupheleleyo.

Kubonakala ngathi le nto kanye eye wabonakalisa M. A. Bulgakov e inoveli yakhe ukungafi. Uninzi aku- zisoloko yedwa: Voland, uPilato, uYesu, Ivan Bezdomny, Mfundisi, noMargarita. Ubulolo ngokuba ngabo zendalo ukuze musa nokungayiqapheli.

Ukucacisa indlela ityhila ingxaki elilolo kwinoveli "INkosi noMargarita", siya kuhamba kuhlalutyo yethu hero omnye komnye.

Voland

Ngaba uSathana amaqabane okanye amaqabane? Mhlawumbi abahlobo? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Yena wahlulelwe ukuba abe mnye. Kwasekuqaleni yenoveli MA Berlioz ubuza i "Consultant": "? Professor, nguwe okungakuncedayo kuthi, nokuba kunye nomfazi wakhe" Woland uphendula Ku apho: ". Omnye, omnye, ndisoloko kuphela" Ngelo xesha, "uNjingalwazi umlingo emnyama," mhlawumbi ngaphantsi elilolo kunezinye abalinganiswa, Kakade ke, ngenxa yokuba yena nabantu bakhe. Ukususela kule nkampani engaqhelekanga akezi indlela obuhlungu zokungabinako, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba efika eMoscow hayi fun, kodwa ukuze asindise Mfundisi kwaye anike ibhola, "ookumkani ikhulu."

Kufuneka sifune inkqubo enjalo, njengoko umkhosi ngonyaka endaweni na isixeko ehlabathini, kodwa eMoscow 1930 wakhethwa hayi-ndenzile, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kwakukho wizard kunye inoveli yakhe malunga koPontiyo Pilato. Injalo lo mfanekiso ze Woland kumxholo othi "Ingxaki elilolo kwinoveli" iNkosi noMargarita "."

koPontiyo Pilato

Ndikunye uPilato, kakhulu, kule ndlela, kucaca ukususela kwasekuqaleni, ebekade Yershalaim. Yena yedwa. Isidalwa kuphela leyo olubotshelelwe - ngaba inja yakhe Banga. Lokusayina ofuna ukufa ngenxa yintloko nodandatheko. Yena uya kuphumla, kodwa akukho, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ezinye ukuhamba. Ngokutsho amarhe, wamvusa abantu ukuyichitha itempile.

Emva koko ke ukuhamba aphilise ngokungummangaliso irhuluneli athi kuye, ngoko ke bambalwa abantu ivumela okwangoku. Ngaphandle koku, le hegemon sele ukulungele ukuba ungahlali "sobulumko", kodwa emva koko wafumanisa ukuba uYesu unetyala kwakhona olwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye kwamandla karhulumente. Ngokomthetho, i lokusayina kufuneka emnqamlezweni umsindisi wabo, ngokuba akukho nto mbi kokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho bachasa uKesare.

UPilato wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ukuthintela le ntlekele, kodwa ngelishwa, imigudu yakhe yaba lilize. Xa indlela kwembaliso kwenzeka ntoni kuye inguqu ngokomoya. Walitshintsha kuzo ingqalelo yonke kwaye likuthethayo yintoni na ngokwenene ukuhamba, abangazange ufuna yamatyala ukuxolela, kuba kufutshane nje Banga, nangona kungekho sizathu okulungileyo ngenxa yoko. Ingxaki lilolo kwinoveli "INkosi noMargarita" Bulgakov akunakucingelwa ngaphandle umfanekiso koPontiyo Pilato.

Abe ngoyena lilolo kwaye buhlungu yenoveli. Kwaye ngaphandle kwalo, imisebenzi kuza kuba nzima ngumntu ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunzulu eyahlukileyo. Zonke ezilandelayo ebusuku ubuhlungu, sokulibala, ukungafi - nto kuthelekiswa mzuzu xa uPilato waphulukana umhlobo wakhe okuphela - uYesu.

Ngoxa othi "Ingxaki elilolo kwinoveli" iNkosi noMargarita "," igcinwe ilizwi lusizi. Ngelishwa, akukho nto iye yatshintsha, yaye xa kufikwa okumiselwe Ivan abangenawo amakhaya

Ivan Bezdomny

Nabalinganiswa emele inyaniso yiSoviet yenoveli, onke nzima ngakumbi. nesizungu ibonakala kuphela kwiimeko asemdeni - amanqaku yobukho bomntu, apho ubomi uza imida yayo (ukufa okanye ukungaphili).

Oku kwenzeke ntoni na le mbongi Ivan abangenamakhaya, nto leyo kuphela kwisibhedlele engqondweni waqonda indlela engalunganga ubomi wabaqhuba ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, inani ka Ivan abangenamakhaya, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, ebuhlungu - ubomi lingekatyhileki kuye inyaniso malunga namakhaya yakhe, kodwa wamnika nto imbuyekezo. Uthemba ukufumana ukufumana usindiso akukho Ivan.

aku-

Mfundisi noMargarita - kuphela isibini abalinganiswa, ogama ibali iphela kakuhle, kodwa hayi kule nyaniso, kodwa kuphela 'elinye ihlabathi ". Ukuba uyamkhulula lo ibali nangokuvulelekileyo yothando, uya kufumanisa ukuba ubulolo sele kwawenza aba ezingalweni omnye komnye.

Umyeni Margaret kweli kwinoveli ayikho (it ekhoyo kuphela amagama ayo), kodwa umfundi uyakuqonda ukuba, mhlawumbi, umyeni wakhe uyadika, ukuba ubukrwada esebenzayo kwaye ekrelekrele kuphela kwizinto zasekhaya okanye zorhwebo, ngoko ke lo mfazi efuna basaba.

Master nayo indoda ulilolo. Alinanto, ngaphandle efihlakeleyo, kunye inoveli malunga koPontiyo Pilato, yaye ngakumbi kunabo bonke abanye nemfuno yokuba uthando umfazi omhle. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba esi sibini akanayo imali, kuphela nothando ugcina kunye nabo, yaye mhlawumbi ukoyika ukubuyela ubulolo yakhe iyonke wodwa. Ngokubanzi, kuba kunzima ukutsho ukuba uqinisekise ukuba uthando phakathi kwabo. Ukuba bekukho, mhlawumbi uyagula neziqhwala, kodwa uloyiko lokuba wedwa - ichanile. Kubonakala ukuba ingxaki elilolo kwinoveli "INkosi noMargarita" Bulgakov ufihla nokuba apho ubomi uthando bubuhle.

Master watshintsha ingqondo ngenxa nje yokuba akazange ukumelana nomthwalo amathemba neminqweno kufezeke. Ubala phezu inoveli ngomhla wokupapashwa kwayo, yaye umsebenzi nqu ugxekwa ukuba uvale indlela eya ukukhanya.

Master akaba saba ungandithuthumbisi kaMagarita. "I Love Boat ingqubekile nxamnye ebomini". Kunoko, iNkosi nje isazela, kodwa emva koko weza Voland kunye zokuyilungisa. Noko ke, kwa-amandla akhe akuzange ngokwaneleyo ukunika iperi usindiso kobu bomi kwaye angabi nalo ngomnye.

Roman M. A. Bulgakova - imveliso multi-umaleko

Ngako oko, iingxaki inoveli "INkosi noMargarita" hayi kuphela umxholo yedwa. Italente umbhali ukuba umfundi akakwazi kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo yintoni na lo mxholo uphambili kule ncwadi twi: ingaba i "yeVangeli Mihaila Bulgakova" (itayitile yencwadi Aleksandra Zerkalova), nto leyo ethetha ukuba imicimbi yonqulo obufanele. Kwaye mhlawumbi okona kubaluleke kakhulu - Ingaba uvuthondaba sibhekiswe leyinene eSoviet?

Roman ngaxeshanye, kwaye hayi ukuba esichengeni ingqibelelo umsebenzi wobugcisa, kubhetele ukuba ndiludilize zibe iimolekyuli kunye namacandelo. Oko kukuthi, mhlawumbi, impendulo zixhaphakileyo lo mbuzo, ziziphi iingxaki inoveli "The Master noMargarita."

Philosophy njengophawu ezakudala eliphezulu

Kukholelwa ukuba intanda - kuyinto uyadika yaye ehlala kwindawo ethile ezindongeni yale Akhademi. abafayo ngayo yonke ekhoyo ncam. Le elikhulu yaye ngokwesiseko ephosakeleyo ingcamango malunga "uthando yobulumko". Enyanisweni khona, kubomi bonke bomntu (kwaye ngoko ngakumbi wegcisa) kufika ixesha xa ecinga ngoThixo, isiphelo, ubulolo yabantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo imisebenzi enjalo nzima ukubhala, kunzima ukufunda, kodwa kunika umntu isixa engaqhelekanga. Loo inani elikhulu imisebenzi zombini in Russian yaye ezakudala ehlabathini, ngoko ngombandela isihloko senqaku ingaba: "Ingxaki elilolo ...". I-Master noMargarita bakhethwa ngengozi, ngokuba ezi abalinganiswa incwadi nabo banandiphe udumo eningenakukholwa phakathi baseRashiya mihla.

Kurt Vonnegut and uMikhail Bulgakov: iimboniselo ezimbini ingxaki elilolo

Kurt Vonnegut, ngokunjalo kubomi bethu Classic "abagulayo" ingxaki elilolo ezama ukuyisombulula ngayo ngendlela yabo. Umzekelo, kwi inoveli "Balagan, okanye Isiphelo wedwa", wamema bonke abantu bajoyine entsatsheni, ukuze ihlabathi kwakungekho mntu ndililolo (iinkcukacha umfundi udluliselwa kumthombo original). Kwezinye zeencwadi zakhe ngokwabo Classic American esibhaliweyo ngolu hlobo: ubomi bomntu - mibi isizungu.

Kubonakala ngathi le nto kakhulu ange Bulgakov wavuma, kodwa bona baye diverged ekudambiseni ubulolo. Ngokutsho inoveli yethu, ubulolo (in "Mfundisi noMargarita" ngokucacileyo) ukulungiselela umntu nezinyanzelisayo, yeengxaki kunqandwa. K. Vonnegut kwakhona ujonga umntu kunye nembonakalo yakhe banethemba ngaphezulu, olungeke kodwa nemihlali. Ukuba ngesiquphe abantu boyise ukuzicingela ukuba "sonke bazalwana," ngoko kukho ithemba uloyiso phezu ubulolo. Noko ke, ukunyaniseka, ukuba ngathi ngummangaliso.