Indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngezandla zakhe; ubomi ezimbini oluneenkcukacha lokubulala

camera Pinhole, ikhamera pinhole - eyaziwa amakhulu eminyaka abantu prototype lwecamera. Kweli nqaku, senza nje kuphela sihlolisise imbali yayo kunye umgaqo wokuba kusetyenzwe, kodwa khangela ukuba ukwenza njani camera pinhole ngezandla zabo ngemathiriyeli ezindala ngeendlela ezininzi.

Yintoni a obscura camera

Le camera obscura (camera Latin -. "Room", obscura - "mnyama, ezimnyama") - isixhobo elula enombala, ikhamera prototype. Kungaba ibhokisi okanye ityesi, xa eludongeni enye leyo kunqunyulwa umngxuma ezincinane glazok-, kwaye endaweni enye kwikhusi tensioned ngezinto iyakhanya, kwaye igumbi emnyama iliso efanayo amancinane kwikhusi.

Elinye igama le sixhobo - Camera Pinhole (IsiNgesi ikhamera pinhole -. "Chamber ukuba umngxuma").

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo camera obscura

Phambi kokuba wenze ikhamera pinhole ngezandla zakhe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba isebenza njani. umsebenzi wakhe isekelwe esikolweni ezaziwayo-kakuhle umthetho andise rectilinear semitha ukukhanya. Ngenxa umngxuma-eye camera ipasisa ezininzi imiqadi ukukhanya emxinwa. Ngamnye kubo amagqabi malungana eludongeni screen ukukhanya indawo alinganayo ubukhulu yomnyango. kuwuma ezo imiqadi ezininzi ezilala phezu kwezinye phezu komhlaba pinhole camera ikhusi, ngaleyo ndlela kuyo i woqondo ngumfanekiso-ikopi into okanye pan ibekwe phambi kwale hlobo nezixhobo.

Iliso yabantu kunye nekhamera pinhole

camera Pinhole, ngasendleleni, ngathi umgaqo wesenzo iliso yabantu - umfanekiso kwiskrini zaso uyadlula umngxuma encinane, yaye ngamahla ndinyuka. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukukhanya ufumana emehlweni, kwaye umatshini kwi-engile - rays eboniswe ukusuka phezulu izinto akhombe phantsi nakwimitha ebonisa izinto kufutshane emhlabeni, uyalele phezulu. ukuwela ngaphakathi kwigumbi, ukuze umfanekiso kwi camera isikrini ngamahla ndinyuka. Ngokomfanekiso wethu umzimba kwindawo echanekileyo ubuyisela ingqondo, kwaye ikhamera - isipili.

History of the camera pinhole

Indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngezandla zakhe, ingcinga, kunye nezinyanya zethu - okokuqala le meko iyabonwa Aristotle ngenkulungwane IV. BC

Edume ULeonardo da Vinci kuqala wachaza algorithm kunye indlela yomsebenzi wayo. wokusungula ezisetyenziswa kumaXesha Aphakathi, amagcisa - le obscura khamera kwabanceda ukuba benze imifanekiso-iikopi izinto ezithile.

Ukuze ufunde ngendlela yokwenza ngezandla zabo le camera obscura kwi luguqulello "phambili", izazinzulu wacinga kamva. Ngowe-1568 lo mgaqo bekhamera pinhole kuye kwaphuculwa - umsunguli yelo De Barbaro indawo screen plano-khaxa lens. Le ezintsha kakhulu ngcono ukucaca Ukwanda mfanekiso. Icebo kwathiwa pinhole camera-camera. Kuye ube ilitye unyathele ukuya lwecamera mihla.

Indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngaphandle kwebhokisi ngezandla zabo

Kuba ukwenziwa camera zayo pinhole kuya kufuneka:

• ikhadibhodi webhokisi phantsi iti okanye incindi;
• iphepha obhityileyo bukhanye - lesikhumba ogqibeleleyo okanye isikhumba;
• waka;
• glue;
• YeScotch.

Ngoko ke, indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngaphandle kwebhokisi ngezandla zabo ukusuka iti, ijusi njalo-njalo..:

1. Sika ngefestile encinane iindonga ebhokisini.
2. Ngokusebenzisa ngcina okanye enamathelayo, yokuzunguleza iqhekeza kuvulwe ngephepha elifanelekileyo, siwenze ube elizayo screen egumbini.
3. Embindini eludongeni malunga wenze ubudeki umngxuma esingekho ngaphezulu kwe-1 mm. Ungathatha ingqalelo yoku yenaliti, liso, pushpin.

Kuko konke umyalelo ukuxelela indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngaphandle kwebhokisi ngezandla zabo. Sebenzisa njengeyabo kwigumbi mnyama - Lake umthombo ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo nokuchasanisa - ezifana elivuthayo. nomfanekiso walo wakhona kufuneka ziboniswe kwiphepha screen.

Indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngezandla zakhe: ikhamera

Xa inkampani kobu bomi sixoxe ukudaleka camera entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kodwa ezinomdla kakhulu pinhole, apho ungafumana imifanekiso wokwenene. Okokuqala, ahlanganise izinto eziyimfuneko:

• Aluminium imbiza;
• intwana yeplastiki;
• lomatshisi;
• 2 "umgqomo" kuba lo mboniso;
• 35 mm film ngokwayo;
• ngesithambiso esimnyama, ibrashi;
• zokubhala imela;
• tape sombane;
• ngenaliti;
• waka;
• line;
• ipensile.

Indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngezandla zakhe, ufunde:

1. Sika i window kwigumbi langaphakathi le bhokisi. Ezicetyiswayo ubukhulu balo - 36h24 mm. Iikona alo zombini ushiye kuncothulwa akulumkanga (kuya kunika isiphumo angaqhelekanga kuqhume elizayo), kwaye wokulungisa okusarhela okanye imela zokubhala.
2. Ngaphakathi ibhokisi yepeyinti ngokupheleleyo ngesithambiso esimnyama. Sebenzisa kunokuba a matte ngaphezu imibala ecwebezelayo.
3. Thatha iqhekeza yeplastiki, ulilolile ekupheleni kwayo. Kulandelwe kwi "umgqomo" tape, njengoko kwifoto, kunye incam, Ulutshonise elutyeni ulwimi lwayo lokuqala umboniso elibukhali, ngaphambili lifakwa kwisikhongozeli. Xa olungabuyeli mva ziya kuva unqakrazo - ukwenza isakhelo esitsha kwimfuneko skrola umboniso 8-9 nokufuna.
4. Buyela ngaphandle kwe bhokisi - ngokungqongqo phakathi, asike mm uxande 8x5.
5. Of aluminium usike isikwere 15x15 mm. Embindini, yenza umngxuma yenaliti - i ezincinane oko kukuthi, ngcono.
6. Ngoku ukupeyinta ngesithambiso esimnyama kunye nenxalenye olungaphandle bhokisi kunye aluminium ibhokisi.
7. Uncamathelise aluminium inxalenye ukuya inxalenye engaphandle kwe tape kwibhokisi yomnyango.
8. Yenza shutter - usike iqhekeza yekhadibhodi, landela ukuba emngxunyeni "lens", babambelele i "kwigumbi". Thatha isiqwenga yekhadibhodi 10h30 mm, idayi abamnyama ngokupheleleyo oko, ufaka le shutter isixhobo ngcono umzekelo.
9. Ukutsibela umboniso ngaphakathi "imingxuma" wenze loo isiphatho nekhadibhodi kunye tape.
10. Indlela yokwenza camera pinhole ngaphandle wekhadibodi ngezandla zabo? Apha, ekugqibeleni, nencopho lokugqibela. Faka umboniso phakathi inxalenye nomphandle wocango emngxunyeni-lomatshisi screen. Ukusebenzisa umboniso akafuni ukuthetha, unako iqhotyoshelwe kwelinye icala camera "umphanda" yesibini ngenxa ngokubhijela zawo. Ukholosile yanxitywa zonke iindawo kunye tape.

Ngoko lidilizwe iindlela ezimbini, ikuxelela ukuba wenze njani camera pinhole ngezandla zakhe. Le yokugqibela kubhetele ukuba kudutyulwe usebenzisa enemilenze emithathu kunye shutter evulekileyo ukuba ubude bexesha - kwimozulu onelanga imizuzwana 6, xa kukho amafu - seconds 7-8.