Indlela ukuqwalasela kumazibuko FTP? Yintoni i FTP-izibuko?

amazibuko FTP namhlanje uguqulelo umgangatho i data ngokusebenzisa kothungelwano TCP ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-Internet, kananjalo liyavela. Le migaqo asetyenziswa rhoqo ngokwaneleyo ukulayisha zonke iintlobo amaphepha e web okanye amaxwebhu kunye nophuhliso yabucala izixhobo kubancedisi ezahlukeneyo ukusingathwa evulekileyo.

Ntoni na ke?

amazibuko FTP zakhelwe ngokupheleleyo kwi "uhanjiselo-server 'izakhiwo, kwaye ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo womnatha imithetho osasazo okanye data phakathi iseva kunye client. Abathengi abasebenzisa olu guqulelo lwe protocol eliphosa inkqubo ububhali, badlula igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama eligqithisiweyo kokubhaliweyo okungenanto. Okanye, ukuba kubonelelwa yi isakhiwo server ukuba uxhume ungaziwa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubonelela ukuba kungenzeka usebenzisa i ssh protocol, ebonelela a transfer data ekhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo, ifihla password kunye login, yaye ngakumbi uguqulela imixholo yonke.

A incinane

Izicelo client yokuqala ezisebenzisa kumazibuko FTP, i isixhobo interactive zelayini yomyalelo apho lwesivakalisi kwaye imiyalelo eqhelekileyo liyafezekiswa. Kujongano lomzobo ukususela ngelo xesha umsebenzisi sele ziphuhlisiwe ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zokusebenza, ezisetyenziswa kule mini, kwaye ingakumbi kubalulekile ukukhumbula phakathi kwezi ujongano, izixhobo uyilo web jikelele ezifana Expression Microsoft.

amazibuko FTP namhlanje yenye imigangatho zindala, kuba wavela ngo-1971 phambi kokuba TCP / IP HTTP. Ekuqaleni, oko mazisetyenziselwe kuphela phezu NCP, kodwa kuthi ga ngoku isicelo walo ngenkuthalo badlulela angadlulisela ezahlukeneyo software, kunye nokufikelela kwimithombo kude.

Njani na ukuba yahlukile HTTP?

Port FTP Ukungagqibeki phawu eliqaqambileyo kakhulu - kukusetyenziswa uxhulumaniso ezininzi. Kulo mzekelo omnye siteshi kule meko esetyenziswa ukulawula, yaye ngenxa imiyalelo iseva elinikiweyo kunye neempendulo babuya kuyo. Emva imijelo ezishiyekileyo kwenziwa ngqo ukudlulisela ulwazi olufunayo, apho ijelo elinye ingasetyenziswa kwi transmission nganye.

Kungenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba usebenzisa i FTP izibuko olungagqibekanga, ngexesha elinye inika transmission ngaxeshanye iifayile ezininzi kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ekubeni channel ngalinye nje wavula eyakhe ngepoti TCP, nto leyo ukhetha inani ngesandla ngumxhasi okanye umncedisi ikhetha, kuxhomekeke ukuba imo udluliselo kusetyenziswa.

Ziziphi iingenelo?

mode Binary sidityaniswe kwi ngokommiselo, usebenzisa i FTP protocol. Zokungena kolu hlobo ngenxa oku unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka ezihamba izithuthi, kwakunye ukunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuze kwabelwane ngolwazi kwinkqubo yokunikezela iifayile ezinkulu. format protocol HTTP phofu ukuba kube yimfuneko ujiko ulwazi kabini uhlobo lwetekisi enokwenziwa phandle, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa algorithm Base64 ezizodwa.

Ukusebenzisa FTP port yebakala, client ekuqaleni inxalenye seshoni, nayo yonke imisebenzi ezilandelayo ziya kuqhutywa sele kuyo. Ngamanye amazwi, umncedisi ekuqaleni igcina imeko yangoku wandigcina kuyo kwinqanaba elithile. Ngelo xesha xa usebenzisa i HTTP protocol, inkumbulo ezinjalo ayikho, njengoko injongo yale Protocol nje ugqithiselo lweengcombolo, emva koko ayilibale ngokupheleleyo malunga nokusebenza. Kulo mba, xa usebenzisa HTTP elandelwayo stateful zimiliselwe ngezinye iiteknoloji ezo zingenzekiyo abhekisele kule migaqo.

Zisebenza njani?

Umsebenzi we FTP protocol ziqalisiwe umaleko isicelo imodeli OSI kwaye esetyenziswa ukudlulisa idata usebenzisa TCP / IP. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ekuqaleni ofuna ukumsebenzisa FTP-server ukuba baya kuphulaphula izicelo ezingenayo. Kwimeko umthengi kufuneka bakwazi ukudibanisa ngokuzimeleyo kunye neseva usebenzisa inani lezibuko 21. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uqhagamshelwano olunjalo aya kuhlala ejongile kulo seshoni. Umdibaniso yesibini ivulwe inani umncedisi zibuko 20 ukuya izibuko esebenzisa umxhasi ubizwa ngokuba imowudi esebenzayo, okanye iya kuvulwa yi ngumthengi ngqo kulo naliphi na izibuko lula ngayo kwi ahambelanayo server port. Oku kuthiwa imowudi eyimpumelelo kufuneka ukudlulisela ifayile.

Ukusebenzisa ukuhamba ulawulo lwenziwa ukuba iseshoni ethile. Umzekelo, imisonto ezinjalo belizwe zisetyenziswa kule nqubo yokuchaza phakathi iseva kunye umxhasi zonke iintlobo okugqitha okanye amaqela, ezifana Telnet protocol xa kuyimfuneko. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, iqela «RETR lefayili" ndisiphumeze udluliselo oluthile lwefayile ukusuka kwiseva ukuya client. Ngenxa ukuyilwa ombaxa-izibuko isakhiwo eso FTP ukuba umhla kucingwa ukuba abe protocol vneshnepolosnym, ngokungafaniyo HTTP, olukuye-band.

Indlela endiwumisileyo?

Ukuba awuyazi ukuba njani ukuvula kwizibuko FTP, ungenza njalo usebenzisa FileZilla resource ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. asebenziswe ekuqaleni ngokwayo FileZilla.
2. Ngoku ukuvula i "Umphathi lweSayithi", ngoko ke ipop up-window, nqakraza i "New Site" iqhosha.
3. Kwi "General" tab ngena: Umamkeli: usebenzisa i domain; Uhlobo seva: i FTP okanye FTPES (sincoma yokugqibela), uhlobo entry, "Eqhelekileyo" okanye "Isicelo igama" (kwakhona, wokugqibela ukhetho yeyona ilungileyo ngenxa yokuba igama lokugqitha lakho akuyi kusindiswa, nangona oko kuya kufuneka ukuba abeke at igalelo layo); Igama lomsebenzisi: ukungena kule kumgca yokungena yakho FTP.
4. hamba ngoku uye kwinto "Izicwangciso yokuGqithisela umbhalo okhawulezileyo", uze ukhethe icandelo "imo yokuGqithisela umbhalo okhawulezileyo" ukhetho "Umsi".
5. Ekupheleni nqakraza kwiqhosha "Connect".

Ngoku ukwenza uthotho ukudlulisela FTP, uqhagamshelo wakho imisiwe yaye igcinwe kwi "umphathi site ', kwaye ungasebenzisa ngayo ngokubona kwakho.

Anonymous protocol

Umamkeli, ebonelela FTP-nkonzo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uyakwazi ukunikeza abasebenzisi yonikezelo engaziwa ngokupheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, abasebenzisi ekuqaleni kuwa ngendlela engaziwa. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba le nkqubo ukuze abe njengomzekelo-onovakalelo kwiiseva ezithile. Nangona uninzi amatyala abantu kucelwa ukuba ufake idilesi lwabo email endaweni password, eneneni, le nkqubo akuthethi ukwenza nayiphi iinkangelo, kwaye eli nyathelo, enyanisweni, inyanzelekile.

Uninzi FTP-wemikhosi zinika iindidi uhlaziyo lwesoftwe, bathanda ukuba ukugcina ithuba lokufikelela engaziwa.

NATED-PT protocol

Ngokukodwa ukwenzela ukuba uvumele ukusetyenziswa FTP ngokusebenzisa firewalls abazahluleleyo, kwagqitywa ekubeni usebenzise isigqibo ezizodwa NATED, nto leyo ebizwa iingcali NATED-PT. Kunye kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kobunzima sokudluliswa uxhulumaniso efikayo umxhasi evela kwiseva, ngokuba kwinkqubo ka-NATED lingatshintsha ulwazi ukuva umxhasi ebonisa umncedisi izibuko echanekileyo kunye nedilesi apho kuya kuba nako ukudibanisa, ze aqale losasazo uxhulumaniso ukusuka kwiseva kwidilesi ye client yakhe.

Nangona iqela elikhulu iintlobo ngeentlobo amanyathelo neenkqubo ezintsha ukuze baye bamkelwa ukuxhasa FTP, xa kusenziwa, ukusetyenziswa NATED-PT bakhetha ukukhubaza umsebenzi ngendlela ezahlukeneyo imizila okanye imizila ukwenzela ukunika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngokuchasene ezahlukeneyo iintsholongwane.