Indlela ukubala kobuso kumbhobho

Igama elithi "indawo umphezulu ityhubhu" Kakade geometry uba ebalulekileyo ngexesha lofakelo kunye nolwakhiwo. iinkonkxa Label yokupeyinta iqulathe ulwazi ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo malunga nentabalala yezinto eziphathekayo square 1 ngokweemitha komhlaba nganye.

Ekubaleni quadrature phezu emgangathweni, iindonga, neengcango, lwenziwa phinda ubude nobubanzi into. Measuring amagumbi ubungakanani tape ukunika ingcaciso luncedo ukuba inkosi computing.

Kodwa ngaphandle iindawo eziziingxande kwi Inetweki yekhaya yaveza amanzi, ubushushu negesi. Ukumisela imisebenzi mali phantsi kwegama "imibhobho ukupeyinta" iya kubala indawo ngaphezulu.

Apho isicelo izinto ebuntsimbi entlandlo-ntathu

Le Umbhobho Russian ukuvelisa iiklasi ezintandathu:

class imveliso	enkulu isicelo
1	Transport amanzi kunye negesi ngamandla eliphantsi. Ukuveliswa izakhiwo abancedisayo zokwakha.
2	Zokuthutha irhasi kunye namanzi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu noxinzelelo eliphantsi
3	Ngokuthetha lokubolekwa kwimo yokusebenza kubushushu eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo
4	Khetha ukugrumba rigs endle oyile
5	Ukunikela ekhethiweyo beemoto, iinqwelo, milenge
6	iindawo Billet kwicandelo lobunjineli: balwamkele, iibheringi, injectors nesilinda.

Ukuveliswa iimveliso zesinyithi kunye zeplastiki, ophathekayo PVC. Xa 90 ekhulwini kwezobunjineli izinto Ukwahluka yoyilo sicatshulwa kwamanzi, igesi kwakunye nobushushu ngentsimbi eyenziwe eRashiya. Metal kufuna zokuzikhusela umhlwa. Ukubala ubungakanani ukutyabeka olukhuselayo na ekubaleni kobuso ityhubhu.

yokubala ifomula Application

Ulwazi malunga squaring phezu olungaphandle iimilo setyhula abayili, abahloli ubungakanani, installers kunye nothintelo iingcibi kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo kufuneka, umzekelo, xa zokusombulula iingxaki:

1. Umhlaba oza lobume thermal amandla "imigangatho efudumeleyo" okanye radiators.

2. umzimba ezilahlekileyo ngexesha zothutho ukusuka kwindawo unikezelo nothungelwano komda.

3. isixa samaxabiso wokhuseleko metal umhlwa. izinto eziphangaleleyo isale ipeyinti bituminous kunye ivanishi. Kubalwe ngqo kwindawo kuya kunqanda gwenxa ipeyinti.

4. Inani kunye nexabiso ubushushu. Umzekelo, umgama ukusuka eziphindaphindiweyo ukuya mn kokuhlaliswa kwabantu kwizindlu ngumgama oziikhilomitha 2. Ubude nelokishi - neekhilomitha ezintathu. Iyonke networks kwiikhilomitha ezi-5 lomqolo zifuna usambathisa. Le ndawo kubalwa ngaphandle nkcitho ingabanga neziqhamo ngokuzixhuzula ye ngemali yokuthenga uboya izimbiwa, fiberglass kunye ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam.

Ngaphakathi pipe ayikho umbala kwaye musa yodwa. Kodwa ukwazi indawo yangaphakathi kubalulekile ukubala Velocity amanzi. Eyona umbhobho sangqa 1.4 m zochuku amanzi phezu kodonga engaphakathi nga nokungahoywa. Kodwa kwezakhiwo kunye ububanzi of 20-30 cm emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokusebenza, esisigxina iidipozithi yetyuwa. Nokumelana kubi imeko beendonga yangaphakathi, izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi lifinyele.

design zezindlu

Eqhelekileyo look ezizihambelayo - itankana kunye ubukhulu enye isiqalo nesiphelo. Ukubalwa kwindawo umphezulu umbhobho ngenxa yokudweba kunye nokuthintela ubushushu thermal inkcitho engqondweni uthe wagawulwa ecaleni isakhiwo, sinokuyifumana uxande parameters zilandelayo:

T - figure ubude, lingana ubude imveliso kulo.

W - Ububanzi amanani, lingana linings ubude circumferential.

Ubude lulinganiselwa, lo ubukhulu D iphawulwa ekupheleni kumbhobho inki negalelo okanye nebala.

La manani achazwe lombhobho ibalwa phinda ubukhulu D for "Pi" njalo. Inani "Pi" sithatha uyokutsho kwiindawo ezintlanu wokugqibela 3,14159. Sifumana indawo P tube zezindlu.

P = T W *

P = 3,14159 * D * T

Kuba ubude line-5 km kanye ububanzi of 1.0 m kufuneka ukupeyinta indawo

3,14159 * 1,0 * 5000 = 15708 sq.m.

Umfundi anomdla ungakha umqondiso electronic kwiprogram ye-Excel ukubala indawo umbala imibhobho, ukuze ukufumana rhoqo sokubala.

Iinkcukacha ngohlobo ikhowuni thumbanails

Imibhobho zisetyenziswa kuphela setyhula cross-candelo, kodwa okoxande okanye okweqanda cross-candelo. Imilinganiselo omnye isiphelo zinokwahluka ukususela kuMmandla yesibini isiphelo, umzekelo, kombhobho ngokohlobo ikhowuni thumbanails. Umzekelo ikhowuni thumbanails kubonakala emele eqhelekileyo. enobubanzi Ezantsi incinane ubukhulu ngaphezulu i-emele.

geometry Science and apha awayihlangula. Kwifomula yomgangatho kummandla komhlaba ityhubhu ngohlobo ikhowuni thumbanails ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

P = 3.14159 * (P + P) * T, apho

N - indawo umphezulu efunekayo;

R - embindini le ubukhulu enkulu;

r - embindini le ubukhulu ezincinane;

T - ubude imveliso.

Radius - is isiqingatha ubukhulu. Khumbula ukuba iincam yokumakisha kubekwe.

Vumela conduit yenza parameters wena kunye F = 1.0 m kunye p = 0,8 m. Ubude 1 km uya kuthabatha. Ngoko indawo kumbhobho kumphezulu engaphandle ilingana:

P _n = * 3.1415 (1.0 + 0.8) * 1000 = 2827 sq.m.

Umphezulu engaphakathi inxalenye

enobubanzi kwangaphakathi waphawulwa ekupheleni nesabelo. Xa engekho tags zezityalo ngaphakathi ubukhulu "B" umbhobho ibalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula:

B = D - 2 * C, apho C - udonga ubukhulu.

yokubala Further tube engaphakathi indawo umphezulu ikhutshwa phandle kwifomula sele kwaziwa, kodwa endaweni yokusebenzisa i parameter D parameter "B".

P _e = 3,1415 * B * T

Xa sibuyela kumzekelo ngasentla kunye lombhobho. Kwaziwa parameters Ukudibanisa udonga ubukhulu C = 0.1m. Emva koko, le ndawo komhlaba cone wangaphakathi

P _e = 3.14159 * (1.0 - 0,1 * 2) * 5000 = 12566 sq.m.

nokugcinwa ubushushu

Botha imibhobho ubushushu kunciphisa ilahleko ubushushu hayi kuphela umgca kumbindi, kodwa kwigumbi isambuku apho wesekethe phakathi kwibhoyila namagumbi abahlala udlula amagumbi abangabancedani abandayo.

umahluko Izifudumezi in conductivity thermal kunye indlela ufakelo kufuna ukhetho kuqwalaselwa site ufakelo kunye neepropati eziphathekayo. Abavelisi banika iindidi ezininzi izinto usambathisa:

• uboya nangokukrola roll; Emva evala emhlabeni umbhobho kunye yayiqinisa wire ngokufihla alumuniyam eliqinileyo ngaphezulu okanye ezifulelwe weva;
• abangelwe ngoboya namacwecwe; entabeni ubuchwepheshe glass;
• tube lula eyenziwe foamed ngefoyile ye polyethylene kunye noqhoqhoqho ecaleni inqaku for obandayo; esetyenziselwa engineering womnatha;
• ukwambathisa ulwelo lisetyenziswa imibhobho sele wabeka xa kungekho indawo amaqhinga kunye nezinye izinto.
• amagwebu njengoko iziqingatha ezibini detachable nephayiphu; xa wayemenza iqokobhe iihafu zibekwe kwi ityhubhu, zihambelana balinqabisa kunye nokwakhiwa tape; ilothe ugwebu wasebenzisa.

Area of izinto ukutyabeka kuxhomekeke Ebubanzini usambathisa. umphezulu indawo Formula ubushushu kule meko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

P = 3,14159 * A * T * K, apho

D - ngaphandle sangqa yombhobho;

T - ubude ityhubhu;

K - variable ulungiso factor ukuba ububanzi usambathisa.

Ukubala kummandla imbawula eyenzelwe zokwakha zokubala.

dayi tube

On Volume ukupeyinta ngokusemgangathweni umbhobho metal _ukufumana zokwambathisa yi kwifomula

Malunga _k = P * Y, apho

Malunga _ku - isixa ipeyinti;

N - kobuso yombhobho;

Y - izinga ngqo ukuhamba penti kumphezulu square 1 imitha (ukuze ukupeyinta kwileyibhile).

Ukusetyenziswa-inki sikhethelwe ukuba imiphezulu iintsimbi ngokusekelwe kwinani lamanqanaba izicelo.

Kuye kwasekwa linoluvo lokuba ulwazi - koko okusindileyo intloko yakhe emva alufunde nganto. Kumnandi ukuba ukukhumbula nokusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe esikolweni. Umbhali linethemba lokuba abafundi nqaku liza kuzuza nokuphucula isimo sakho.