Indlela statistical - ubuxoki okanye idatha ukwenza izigqibo?

Amazwi adume apho amanani yenye iintlobo-3 ubuxoki uza emva "yobuxoki 'kunye' ubuvuvu," wenziwa Benjamin Disraeli, ngubani amane ze-yesibini amane (periods kwenzeka kwisiqingatha 2 ngenkulungwane ye-19), i-Prime Minister of Great Britain . Noko ke, kweli xesha lethu, zabhalwa Disraeli, Mark Twain zipapashwa ukuyithenga. Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, eli binzana iingcali ezininzi kuqhubeka ukuphinda kwiincwadi zakhe kunye neengxelo zoluntu, isiqulatho eziphambili nto leyo indlela analysis manani. Njengomgaqo, kuvakala ngathi a joke, apho kukho iqhezu nje a joke ...

Amanani - ulwazi ngqo kushishino, nto leyo ichaza ukuba ukuqokelela ngayo, ukuhlalutya nokutolika esininzi data, zombini ubunjani kunye zamanani. Noko iindawo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kunye nezenziwayo yobomi. Umzekelo, isicelo manani ukunceda ukukhetha indlela elungileyo manani ukuba unyango zonke iintlobo data ekuhlalutyeni. umsebenzi Legal endle zolwaphulo-mthetho nolawulo phezu kwabo. Mathematical liphuhlisa iindlela zemathematika ukuba ziququzelele ze zisebenzise ingcaciso ngeenjongo ezenziwayo okanye yenzululwazi. Yamanani ichaza indlela yokuzala labemi. izibalo zombuzo ikakhulu ukujongana iingcali zeelwimi kunye Internet.

Ukusebenzisa iindlela manani mihla umva ubuncinane ukuya BC kwinkulungwane 5 Ezinye lineenkcukacha zobhalo iqulethe incwadi ebhaliweyo kule AD 9. e. sobulumko Isidanish, ugqirha, ingcali yezibalo ngumculi Al-Kindi. Oku wabanika inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ukuba usebenzise indlela frequency analysis (ngumbala osetyenziselwa ukuzoba). New Chronicle enxulumene ngenkulungwane ye-14 kwaye ubalisa ibali Florence, ingqalelo enye imisebenzi yokuqala kwimbali manani ezintle. Batsalwa yi sale bhanki Giovanni Villani, kwaye zibandakanya ulwazi oluninzi malunga labemi, ulawulo, urhwebo kunye norhwebo, imfundo kunye namaziko zonqulo.

isicelo kwangoko manani echazwe ngeminqweno karhulumente ekwakheni ahambelane nakwezoqoqosho kwemigaqo. uluhlu lwayo yandiswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye zibandakanya ukuqokelelwa uhlalutyo lwe data ngokubanzi. Namhlanje, le ndawo wokwazi ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa urhulumente, ushishino, yendalo kunye nenzululwazi zentlalo. iziseko zawo zemathematika, imfuneko ezivele ukusuka isifundo ukungcakaza, babekwa ngenkulungwane ye-17 kunye nophuhliso e-worldwork theory lilonke French zezibalo uBlaise UPascal kunye Pierre de Fermat. Lwezibalo Indlela izikwere ubuncinane echazwe kuqala Carl Fridrihom Gaussom malunga 1794.

Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza lokuhlanganisa becomputing amandla ukuqala kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso manani izicelo. I-revolution khompyutha iye yabeka ugxininiso entsha amabakala alo iyahlolwa kwaye enokwehla. Ngaba ngoku ifumaneka ekubeni kubekho inani elikhulu zombini iinkqubo jikelele kunye ezizodwa, apho unako lula ukuyisebenzisa kulo mkhuba nayiphi na indlela zamanani, nokuba iitshati ulawulo, histograms, uhlalutyo nongqamaniso, checklist, indlela ezithile ngokwezinga, Ishikawa umzobo, okanye uhlalutyo Pareto.

Namhlanje, amanani yenye izixhobo ezingundoqo ushishino olusebenzayo kunye nombutho nemveliso. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuqonda ukulinganisa iindlela Ukwahluka, kukhokelela ekuphuculweni yolawulo nkqubo, kwakunye nokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso neenkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkokeli usebenzisa manani iindlela zokulawula umgangatho, uyakuthi, njengoko umthetho, izigqibo benolwazi, ngaloo ndlela ulawulo lusebenza ngendlela eyiyo kwaye kuzisa iziphumo elindelweyo. Ngoko ke, la manani kule meko, lo isitshixo, kwaye mhlawumbi isixhobo enokuthenjwa kuphela.

Ukukwazi ukukhetha kakuhle ukusebenzisa indlela manani ivumela izigqibo ezithembekileyo ukuba ukulahlekisa abo walungiselela uhlalutyo data. Ngoko ke, iimbekiselo rhoqo ziingcali ze amazwi ezindala malunga degrees 3 ubuxoki kufuneka lubonwe nesilumkiso iimpazamo ezinokuthi ingalahlekisi yaye yakha isiseko izigqibo ezithathwe kunye nemiphumo ebuhlungu.