Imveliso yezobisi: iimpawu, umendo, utyalo-mali

Ngaphandle kokunyusa, singatsho ukuba ukubonelela abantu ngamachiza kunye neziyobisi kubaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lokhuseleko lukazwelonke. Kwaye ukuveliswa kwemveliso yonyango yiyona nto ibalulekileyo ebalulekileyo kwizentlalo zoqoqosho.

Inkxaso ka rhu lumente

Kuze kube yimhla, ukubaluleka kweentlobo zeemveliso ezifana nezamachiza, imveliso esekelwe kwintsimi yelizwe lethu, sele ifinyelele kwinqanaba elithile ukuba urhulumente kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo kwiiprojekthi ezibandakanya uphuhliso lwalo shishino. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje manani amaphepha-nkqubo awamkelweyo athatha inxaxheba kwintlangano kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso, kubandakanywa nezinto zokurhweba, kodwa imeko kule ndawo ayisakhuthazi, kwaye kungenxa yoko.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo zoshishino

Imveliso yemveliso yezobisi iineempawu zayo. Bamelelwa ngu:

• Ukuveliswa okukhulu kwezesayensi;
• Ubude obubalulekileyo bokuphuhliswa kwamayeza amasha, kunye neziyobisi ezihambelanayo;
• Umjikelo wobomi obuninzi bezobisi, kuquka zonke izigaba - uphuhliso, imveliso kunye nentengiso yeemveliso;
• Ubume, kunye nobude bomjikelezo wokuvelisa ofunekayo ekuveliseni iimveliso ezigqityiweyo;
• Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zeteknoloji, ezisetyenziswe kwimiba enjengokuveliswa kwezinto zonyango;
• Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa umjikelezo wokuvelisa;
• Inkqubo yezobugcisa zobugcisa.

Utyalo

Ukususela kumbono wongeniso-mali, umveliso weemveliso zonyango unemiba ekhethekileyo. Kwaye iingongoma eziphambili, ezifanele ukuthobela ingqalelo, jonga ngathi:

1. Ukutsaliswa kweemali eziphezulu zokuveliswa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, oko kukuthi, iziyobisi, xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso yezobisi. Olu hlobo lwakhiwa phantsi kwefuthe leemeko zezoqoqosho zanamhlanje. Le nyaniso inokuchazwa ngumbono ophezulu kunye nobukhulu bemveliso yokuveliswa kwemveliso eqhelanisiweyo, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuzuza kweemveliso zabo, ngamanye amaxesha ukulahleka kwemveliso.
2. Ukukhula kwindleko zezinto eziphathekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, obangela ukwanda okukhulu kwiindleko zezinto eziveliswe kwintsimi yelizwe lethu. Isiphumo salokhu kukunyuka kwamaxabiso kubo kwizinga elidlulayo kwihlabathi elilodwa. Ezi ndlela zikhokelela ekubeni umveliso wemveliso yezobisi awukwazi ukunikela ngemveliso yokhuphiswano.
3. Ukubonelela abavelisi belizwe langaphandle ukufikelela lula kwiimakethi yezobisi zelizwe lethu. Oku kwenzelwe ukhuphiswano oluphezulu kumenzi ngamnye wekhaya, ongenakwenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi ukulwa nokunyusa okubonakalayo kwezinto ezingabizi eziphantsi kweemarike zasekhaya.

Izindlela eziphambili kwiimarike ze-pharma

Ngokomlinganiselo othile, ixabiso lemarike yeeyeza, ngokwemiphumo yeminyaka yamuva, ifinyelela kwi-ruble eyi-1 trillion ezweni lethu. Ngelo xesha, amayeza asekhaya kwixabiso elithengisiweyo leemveliso zolu hlobo lenza kuphela malunga nama-25%, ngokwemali kwaye malunga nama-60% - ngobuninzi bemvelo.

Imibuzo ecacileyo

Kuza kube yimhla, enye yeemeko ezinzima kakhulu zokukhathazeka kwabo banomdla ekuphuhlisweni kwemveliso yezilwanyana zonyango ngumthombo weemveliso ezigqityiweyo eziqhelekileyo, eziyisiseko sokuveliswa kwamachiza okwenziwe kwimihlaba yethu. Ngelishwa, izigqibo zeengcali azikhuthazi ukuvelisa abathengi basekhaya. Ukuveliswa kwemithi yamachiza kwilizwe lethu akuqinisekanga.

Ukungenisa kwamachiza

Ngokumalunga nokuthengiswa kwempahla, kwiminyaka yamuva kukho imeko apho i-80% yemithwalo yemveliso yezobisi iphuma kwiJamani, eFransi, e-Itali naseTshayina.

Kuphawuleka ukuba, xa kuqwalasela ukubonakaliswa kwemvelo yemilinganiselo yokungenisa izinto, kufumaneka amanani ahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko, isabelo saso esikhulu kunazo zonke namhlanje yiChina - ingaphezu kwe-70% yenani elipheleleyo. Ukuqwalasela umlinganiselo wezabelo ezithile ezibalwe ziboniso zendalo kunye neendleko, umntu unokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba izinto eziveliswe kweli lizwe zibonakaliswe ngentengo ephantsi kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso efana namanye amazwe.

Yintoni e ngeniswa

Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngokuyinxalenye yezilwanyana eziyaziwayo kakhulu, ezimele i-acetylsalicylic acid, i-paracetamol, i-metamizole i-sodium, i-metformin, i-ascambic acid kunye nezinye, ezidume phakathi kwabantu ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi, ngeendlela.

Uvavanyo lweengcali lubonisa ukuba isabelo esikhiqizwa kumashishini asekhaya sibonakaliswa ngumntu ongenakulinganiswa, ngo-8-9% wexabiso elipheleleyo lemarike yeyeza.

Izigqibo

Mhlawumbi, iinyani ezikhankanywe ngasentla zivumela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba kuyimfuneko yokubuyiselwa kwemilinganiselo yokuveliswa kwemveliso. I-teknoloji yemveliso yemveliso yezobisi kufuneka ibuyiselwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphuhliswa kweli nqanaba kuyimfuneko kuqala kokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwesizwe lombuso.

Iingxelo ezinjalo azikho onke amazwi angenanto. Abakhiqizi abaninzi bajongene nenyaniso yokubonelela ngoqoqosho lwasekhaya ngezinto ezivela kubanikezeli belizwe langaphandle. Yaye oku akunakwenzeka kodwa kubangele ukukhathazeka.