Imveli yintoni?

I-Traditionalism ayiyona nto inqabileyo, kwaye akubona wonke umntu owaziyo ukubaluleka kwayo. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, wonke umntu emhlabeni uya kuxhomekeka kuye. Yadlala indima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezopolitiko kwelizwe lakhe, ekubunzeni indlela yobomi kwaye ibe neyona nto inokuchaphazela. Kodwa yintoni isithethe kunye nendlela eyachaphazela ngayo ihlabathi lanamhlanje?

Inkcazo yenkcubeko

I-Traditionalism yintlangano yefilosofi kunye nenkolo eyavela ngekhulu lemashumi mabini. Abasunguli bayo nguRenee Guénon, uJulius Evola, uTito Burkhard nabanye.

Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eninzi, inkolelo ayikho inkolo epheleleyo, kodwa ihlabathi, ifilosofi enemigaqo yayo.

Imigaqo eyisiseko yesiko

I-Traditionalism ineemigaqo emininzi apho abalandeli bale ntshukumo bayilandela.

1. Ingundoqo yesithethe kukuba zonke izithethe kunye neenkolo zehlabathi zinengcambu efanayo, oko kukuthi, zinemvelaphi efanayo kunye nomgaqo. Kunokwenzeka ukuqonda le mgaqo kuphela kwindlela yendabuko, oko kukuthi, ngokudlulisa ulwazi oluvela kwisizukulwana esinye kwesinye. Oku kuthiwa inkcubeko.
2. Ifilosofi nenkolo zihlala kwindawo yokuqala kwindawo yokwakhiwa kwenkqubo yelizwe kunye nokuphathwa kwabantu. Amasiko kufuneka abe kukho konke kwaye kufuneka ahlonishwe ngabemi. Ekubeni zonke izithethe zenziwe ngokuhambelana nesicwangciso sikaThixo.
3. Iingcali zenkcubeko zichasene nongqinisiso, ngokusekelwe kwinto yokuba uluntu lwanamhlanje aluhloniphi iindumiso kwaye aluyazi umvelaphi wazo. I-Customs yaba ngumkhwa kunye nokuhlelwa kwemvelo kwezinto, eziphikisana ngokucacileyo nefilosofi yesithethe.

Yiyiphi into ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko

Ukongeza kwimiko yendabuko, kukho into enjalo njengento eqhelekileyo. Ichaza inxaxheba yefilosofi kunye nenkolo echasene nokutsha kunye nokutshintsha ebomini yoluntu. Kwaye uyakholelwa kwinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkolo zehlabathi. Oko kukuthi, inkolo nganye inesithethe esifanayo esasilahlekile ngexesha lokuphuhlisa abantu. I-Traditionalism ayikho inkolo, kodwa kunoko ifilosofi yobomi okanye i-worldview. Ngokwesiko, isithethe ngumzekelo wokuziphatha ohlanganiswe ookhokho bamandulo, echanekileyo. Kodwa kwixesha lemihla ngemihla imodeli yalahleka, kwaye ngoku ke izithethe zaqala ukulibala kwaye, ngoko ke, ukuhlakanipha kwangaphambili.

Imveli kumculo kunye nobugcisa obubonakalayo

I-Traditionalism kwinkcubeko idlala indima. Kubonakaliswe uhlobo lwezobuciko, ezichasene nezikhundla zengqesho yomntu kunye ne-avant-garden. I-Traditionalism iyachasana nemilinganiselo yanamhlanje kwezobugcisa. Ngokukodwa abo balahla imithetho kunye nemithetho xa bebhala umfanekiso. Umzekelo: ukuxhaswa, ukubonakalisa, i-futurism.

Abaxhamli bezithethe bakhetha iikhombisi kwiikholeji ezidlulileyo, apho imigangatho yokudluliselwa kwenyaniso kwinqwelo, oko kukuthi, ubuninzi bezinto, umlinganiselo wemibala ofana nohlobo lwendalo owenzekayo ebomini boqobo, lwagcinwa. Umzekelo, ukuba umculi udonsa ikati, oku kufuneka kubonwe kumfanekiso. Ikati ayikwazi ukuba yinto eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ebomvu. Iindidi zobugcisa zobugcisa zibandakanya i-romanticism ne-classicism. Kwakhona kunye neentlobo zanamhlanje zobugcisa obuhle, njengokwenziwa kwexesha lanamhlanje kunye neengqondo. Zifakwe kwiluhlu lwemigaqo yoluntu.

Kodwa ngokuchasene neendwangu zesithethe, i-classics kunye ne-avant-garde ngezinye izikhathi ihamba. Kwakukho izikhokelo ezinjengomfanekiso wesiprofeto, ubuchule bemilingo, i-postmodernism kunye neentlobo. Kwabaculi, abasebenza kwisitayela se-avant-garde-classic, bathetha kwi-Picasso. Ngomnyaka we-1920, wazama ukudibanisa iindlela ezimbini ezichaseneyo kwimifanekiso yakhe, kwaye wakwenza. Wayefakwe kwiluhlu lwabaculi bezona zikhulu zehlabathi.

Ukukhethwa komculo kuye kwatshintsha. Okwangoku, abantu baye bashiya ngokusemthethweni imisebenzi kaMozart, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky kunye nabanye abaqambi abakhulu. Ngoku iindawo ezikhethiweyo zikhokelo zomculo njengegwala, ipop, i-hip-hop kunye nabanye.

Iimbono zeenkcubeko zanamhlanje malunga nehlabathi lanamhlanje. Ngaba kulungile?

Abafundi bale nkcazo yefilosofi bathi ihlabathi lanamhlanje kukho ukuchaswa ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu kunye nezithethe. Ukuba iinkonzo, izithethe zokuziphatha kunye namasiko asekude azikho. Umtya ovela kwizithethe ezinikezelwe ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana waphazamiseka. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene? Iingcali zefilosofi zanamhlanje ziyavumelani nale nto kwaye zikholelwa ukuba izithethe zitshintshile, kodwa azizange zinyamalale.

Ukuba sibheka inkolelo yanamhlanje kumzekelo wenkolo, sinokubona ukuba oko akukho nto ishintshile. Abadumi bezenkolo bathi inkolo ayikho. Enyanisweni, kunjalo. Abaninzi bayeke ukuya ecaweni. Uninzi lwazo lunesizathu saloo mzekelo, umzekelo, njengomsebenzi. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, abaninzi banenkolo kakhulu, kwaye ukuya ecaweni ngeCawe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi babo. E-Amerika kukho izikolo zeCawa. E-Rashiya, izifundo zezifundo zonqulo zafakwa kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Kubantu bonke, 90% babhaptiza abantwana babo. Abo bangabhaptizwa benza oko ngokwabo, xa bekhulile. Kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba abantu abazange bayeke ukukholelwa kuThixo, kodwa bayeka ukutyelela icawa rhoqo.

Indlela yokwenza iModernization ithinteke ngayo iRussia Traditionalism

I-Traditionalism kunye neyemodareyitha yaba nefuthe elikhulu ekukholeni kwenkqubela phambili emhlabeni wonke, ngakumbi eYurophu naseRashiya. Kodwa kwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Isizathu salolu luhluko phakathi kweengcamango, izithethe, inkolo yamaYurophu kunye namaRashiya.

Isiqhelo senkcubeko yaseRashiya kukuba xa umntu ecebileyo, ngokobubi, uyisiphukuphuku kwaye ayithandi uThixo. Indoda ehlwempu inomusa, inyanisekileyo kwaye ifanelekileyo yiparadesi. Ubutyebi buye bufana nesono. Kwaye isityebi ngokwabo bacinga njalo. Ukuzikhupha isifo esibi, basasaza umhlaba, imali, impahla kunye nabaswelekayo kunye neecawa.

Siyabulela kule nto, ibandla laqala ukukhula. Wayenemali kunye nemimandla emikhulu. Kwaye kunye nabo, kunye nezixhobo ezitsha zokulungiselela indawo. Oku akunako kodwa kuthintela uqoqosho lwelizwe. Le yindlela indlela yokwenza intsebenziswano eqala ngayo eRussia. Kodwa ngokungafani nabaseYurophu, abafundisi baseRussia abazange bafundise ukuphuhlisa abantu, ukuzakhela ngokwabo kwaye abazange bakhuthaze ukusebenza, okuza kuvelisa iziqhamo. Ekugqibeleni, indoda ehlwempuzekileyo yahlala yinto efanelekileyo, eya kuthi iya kuthathwa ezulwini.

Impembelelo yoLungiso kwiNkcubeko yeYurophu

EYurophu, inkcubeko kunye nesimanje zazingabalulekanga. IYurophu yayilandela inkolo efana neProtestanti (uhlobo lobuKristu). Icawa yafundisa umntu ukuba, nokuba uyawa ezulwini okanye cha, uzimisele nakwixesha lobomi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu bazama ukusebenza nzima, bakhule, bafumane imali eninzi. Ukuba umntu uphumelele ebomini, ngoko ke isimo sengqondo sabantu kuye satshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ngcono. Indoda esityebi yayifaneleka njengeparadesi. Yaye ngenxa yokuba umbono wabanye wawusoloko ubaluleke kakhulu, uluntu lwasebenza ngokungazelelwe. Kwaye ke oko kwavela, ngoko ke amazwe awazange eme. Ngoko inkqubela phambili yezoshishino kunye ne-bourgeoisie yeza eYurophu. Bashintsha amasiko baze bachithe imveli.

Kunokugqitywa ukuba inkolo yafundisa abantu baseYurophu ukuba basebenze, ngaloo ndlela badala isithethe: ukuba babe neenzuzo kunye nobutyebi. E-Rashiya, nangona kufika kwexesha lesimanje, izithethe azitshintshi.

I-Traditionalism kunye nokuvela kwayo eRashiya

I-Traditionalism eRashiya yabonakala ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo. Xa imisebenzi yabasunguli befilosofi yesithethe yaqala ukuguqulela kwisiRashiya. Kodwa ingqungquthela yokuqala enikezelwe kwisithethe yayibanjwe kungekudala, ekwindla ka-2011. Kwakuyintlanganiso enkulu yabalandeli beli filosofi. Kukho ababini baseRussia abacinga kunye neendwendwe ezivela eYurophu.

Ngexesha le-congress, iindwendwe ezisentshonalanga zenze into enomdla kubo. Nangona inkolelo yavela eRussia ngokutsha, abemi bayo babenomdla kule nfilosofi. Abafundi bakhe babefundi, abafundi abagqibeleleyo, izazinzulu kunye nabantu abaninzi abanet talente. Akunakukuqonda kuphela enye intshukumo eyinkimbinkimbi kwifilosofi, kodwa nabo babenombono.

Iingcamango zesithethe kunye ne-conservatism. Kunokuba bahluke

Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu benza impazamo yokukholelwa ukuba isithethe kunye ne-conservatism zifana kunye. Enyanisweni, ezi ngcamango zombini zihluke kakhulu. Kodwa ekubeni abaninzi bengaboni umehluko, ngoko intsingiselo yazo zombini iikhontrakthi ihlupheka. Kukho ukudideka, amagama asetshenziswanga ngokungqinelana nentsingiselo yawo. Kuthetha ntoni ngempela?

I-Conservatism yukwamkelwa nokugcinwa kwezithethe ezilungileyo.

I-Traditionalism imfundiso yokudluliselwa kwezithethe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Ukudideka phakathi kwezi ngcamango ezimbini kubangelwa ukuba bobabini balwela ukulondolozwa nokuhanjiswa kwezithethe, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-Conservatism igxininisa ukugcinwa kwezithethe ezithembekileyo eziza kulungeleka kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Ngokwesiko akuqhelekanga ukwahlula kwizithethe ezimbi nezilungileyo. Zonke zingcwele kwaye azikwazi ukulahleka. Esi simo sengqondo siye sabangela ukungqubuzana kunye nokubambisana phakathi kwezi mfundiso zefilosofi.

Inkcubeko kwiNkcubeko yezobupolitika

Iimveli ziseko zoluntu. Babeka imigangatho yokuziphatha, ixabiso, ulwazi, lwakhiwa ngeenkulungwane ezininzi zokuhlala koburhulumente. Batshela abantu ukuba benze njani imeko ethile. Singatsho ukuba iziganeko zokuziphatha zivela kwizithethe, ezidlulileyo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Iindabuko ziquka nezithethe zezopolitiko. Badibanisa ngokwabo iingcinga, izimo zengqondo, imigaqo evumela amandla karhulumente ukuba asebenze kwaye ancede ukulawula abantu. Izithethe zezopolitiko zigcina ukuziphatha kwabahlali kuluntu, kunceda ukusebenzisana okwaneleyo karhulumente kunye nabemi.

Izithethe zezopolitiko zichazwe njengoluhlobo lokucinga olusekelwe ekugcinweni kwexabiso, imimiselo kunye nezithethe kwiimeko zezopolitiko zembutho othile.

Inkcubeko yezopolitiko eRashiya

E-Rashiya, inkcubeko yezopolitiko yinto ebalulekileyo. Kucingwa njengenye yezinto eziphambili ezivumela urhulumente ukuba alondoloze igunya, ulawulo kunye nokugcina indlela yolawulo. Ngoncedo lwezithethe zepolitiki, imodeli yenziwe, umzekelo wokuziphatha abahlali belizwe baxhomekeke kuyo imihla ngemihla.

Inkolelo yaseRussia yayikho iminyaka emininzi, nangona inkolelo yendlela yokwenkcubeko yabonakala kuphela kuma-70. XX yenkulungwane. Ngombulelo kuye, uhlobo oluthile lwenkcubeko yezopolitiko lwakhiwe, apho kukho ukungabi nolwazi ngokwakho njengommi welizwe, ukungabikho komnqweno wokusebenzisa amalungelo omntu kwaye, xa kwenzeka ukuba bachithe ukulwa nabo. Esinye isithethe kukuba iminqweno yamabhunga karhulumente ibaluleke kakhulu kubemi kunabo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-traditionalism ibe yinto eqhelekileyo yamaRashiya, kwaye izithethe zezopolitiko eziye zaphuhliswa ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yobomi, kukho ukuphuculwa kokuphuhliswa kobuso. Iingcali zezopolitiko kunye neenzululwazi ziye zabhalwa ukuba iRashiya ikhula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweYurophu okanye iMelika. Ukukhawulezisa intuthuko yentuthuko, kuya kubakho ukuhlaziywa izithethe, ukubuyisela amaqhinga amandulo kunye nemimiselo yenkcubeko entsha. Umzekelo:

• Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yoluntu.
• Utshintsho kwimodeli yokuziphatha kunye nesimo sengqondo sabemi kubasemagunyeni.
• Izinto ezisemthethweni zolawulo lomthetho zibophezela.
• Isihloko sombuso wentando yeninzi kufuneka siqinisekiswe.

Le nto yincinci nje yoluhlu lwento efunekayo eRashiya ekuphuhliseni ngokupheleleyo nokuphakamisa ukuncintisana ngokumalunga namazwe aseNtshona.

Ekupheleni kwinqaku, sinokugqiba ukuba ukukholelwa kwenkcubeko kuye kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwamazwe. Kwabanye, kwakuncedo, kodwa kwabanye kwakungekho. Kodwa wancedisa ukwakha imilinganiselo yenkcubeko, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, iindlela zokucinga, iindlela zokuziphatha. Ndiyabulela kuye, umntu uye waba njengokuba ngoku.