Imithetho emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba eRashiya. Imithetho emitsha yokupasa iimvume zokuqhuba iilayisti ziya kupapashwa

Phantse wonke umntu ufuna ukuthenga imoto aze afunde indlela yokuyilawula. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, imithetho emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba yaqalisa ukusebenza . Nangona kunjalo, akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba utshintsho lwenzeka ntoni kwimithetho yendlela. Ukufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba ayiyinkalo yemiphunga. Ukugqithisela ngakwesokudla ukususela kwixesha lokuqala kwaye ulondoloze ixesha elide, kufuneka ukwazi ulwazi onokulufumana kwinqaku lethu.

Ulwazi jikelele

Iminyaka emibini edlulileyo, uDmitry Medvedev uvume imithetho emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba. Ngoku ukutyelela kwizikolo zeemoto kuyimfuneko yokukhupha ikhadi lesazisi. Ukuqeqesha abaqhubi bexesha elizayo baya kuba ngabahloli abanamava angaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu kunama-25. Ngokwemiqathango emitsha, abemi baya kufuneka badlulise iimviwo ezintathu ukuze bafumane ilayisenisi yokuqhuba . Kwimeko apho ubuncinane bodwa abazange baqalise, unokuzama ukuvavanya kwakhona ngaphandle kwenyanga.

Inzuzo engathandabuzekiyo kukuba abaqhubi bexesha elizayo banokukhetha imoto yabo yoqeqesho ukusuka epakini yesikolo esele ikhona. Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ukhethe izithuthi ngokudluliselwa kweencwadi. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ulawulwe lula nje ngeemoto zangaphakathi, kodwa nakwiimoto zangaphandle.

Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imiqobo kwimimiselo emitsha yokufumana ikhadi lesazisi?

Zonke iimfuno eziye zabonwa ngokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi semoto ngaphambili, ziye zatshintsha kakhulu. Imithetho emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba eRussia yenza ukuba kubekho ukuqhuba isithuthi kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Kwabo ekuqhubeni izikolo kukho imoto ekhethekileyo. Inzuzo engathandabuzekiyo yinto yokufumana amalungelo ngabantu abatsha abaneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Ukwenza oku, abantwana abaselula bayabanika kuphela isicelo esibhaliweyo kunye nemvume evela kubazali babo. Imithetho emitsha yemvume yokuqhuba idlulela kuphela kwi-drawback eyodwa. Ngoku ixabiso lokuqeqeshwa kwisikolo sokuqhuba liye landa kakhulu.

Ngaba uluhlu lwamaphepha okufumana amalungelo alitshintshile?

Wonke umntu ofuna ukufumana ilayisenisi yokushayela ngokuqinisekileyo unomdla kumbuzo wokuba uluhlu lwamaphepha afanelekileyo aluguqukile. Oku akunjalo ngengozi, kuba le nto yokuqala efuna ukulungiswa. Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngoku unokufaka isicelo sekhadi lesazisi ngekhompyutha. Le nzuzo engenakuthenjwa kwabakhubazekileyo kunye nabo bemihlali abaxabisa ixesha labo.

Njengoko satsho ngaphambili, imithetho emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba yaqalisa ukusebenza eRussia. Uluhlu lwamaphepha luhlala lufana. Kubalulekile ukubonelela isicelo esibhaliweyo, ipasipoti, isitifiketi sezonyango, kunye nesatifiketi esiqinisekisa ukuphela koqeqesho kwisikolo semoto. Emva kokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo, njengoko satsho ngaphambili, kuya kuthatha iimviwo zokugqibela ezintathu. Baza kuvavanya ukulungiselela. Ukuba uthe wahluleka ukudlulela okokuqala, uya kunikwa enye inyanga ukuze uhlaziywe.

Ngaba imigaqo emitsha inikezela ukudluliselwa kwesinye isixeko?

Akukho mfihlo yokuba imithetho emitsha yokudlula ukuhlolwa kokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba ibonakaliswa yinkcaso ebalulekileyo yeemvavanyo. Ngelishwa, akubona wonke umntu ophumelela okokuqala ukubhalela umsebenzi wokuvavanya kakuhle kwaye afumane isatifiketi. Akukho mfihlo ukuba ukuze ugweme umgca wokubuyisela, abaqhubi bexesha elizayo babethunyelwa kwiidolophana ezincinci. Ngeemigaqo emitsha, yonke into iyenzeka ngokuhlukileyo. Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba umqhubi enze oko ngokwakhe, ngoku ukudluliselwa kwesinye isixeko kwenziwa kuphela kwisikolo semoto.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba oku kuya kuthatha ixesha elide, kuba umqhubi kufuneka afakwe kwizintlu zendawo. Inkqubo iphela malunga neenyanga. Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uhlolisise iindlela zedolophu encinane. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uphumelele ngempumelelo inxalenye ebalulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba le ngcamango ingafunyanwa kanye ngeveki. Ukuze ugcine ixesha kwaye uphumelele uvavanyo lokuqala, sincoma ukuba ufunde ngokucophelela yonke imithetho yendlela kwaye uhlale uphinda.

Ncinane malunga nenxalenye yecandelo

Imithetho emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba ibonakala ngokuyininzi ngenguqu ekugqibeleni uviwo lokufunda. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngoku awunalo ilungelo lokwenza iphutha. Ukuba ngaphambili kwakunokwenzeka ukuphendula ngokungalunganga imibuzo emibini, ngoko ngoku uvavanyo lufanele luchaneke ngokupheleleyo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba inani elincinci le-reps linikezelwa.

Kwinqanaba leemviwo loviwo kukho iindidi ezingezantsi. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba iqela labaqhubi bexesha elizayo liya kunikwa itikiti ezingamashumi amane. Zonke ziquka imibuzo eyahlukileyo, iimpendulo ezingenakuphinda zibhaliswe kummelwane. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba sincoma ukuba sithathe indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba udlulise iimviwo kwizame zokuqala uze ulondoloze ixesha elide.

Icandelo elisebenzayo loviwo

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yinqanaba leentshukumo zangoko. Abafundi kuphela abaphumelele ngempumelelo iimvavanyo zokuqala ezimbini bavunyelwe ukungena. Kukholelwa ukuba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu ugibela kwisixeko. Le nto ayikho into eyenzekayo, kuba ukubona imoto eya kudibana nayo, abaninzi balahlekile kwaye bazinikezela inani elikhulu leephene. Umqhubi omhle akenzi oko. Kukholelwa ukuba ngaphezulu umqhubi uthabatha iimviwo, ubuncinane ukuba uya kuba ngumqhubi wemoto. Enye intsha - ukubonakaliswa okufunekayo yokupaka nokukhutshwa komgibeli.

Iingxabano nokungavumelani

Njengoko satsho ngaphambili, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo imithetho emitsha yokudlula iimviwo zeelayisenisi zokuqhuba zapapashwa. Ngoku, abashayeli abanamhlanje abanalo ilungelo elinye lokwenza impazamo. Akungabazeki ukuba, njengangaphambili, kwinqanaba elisebenzayo, abahloli baqwalasela ukuthotyelwa kuyo yonke imigangatho yolawulo lwezithuthi. Zininzi iingxabano kunye nokungavumelani kubangelwa izibuko zezimoto. Oku akukona ngengozi, eqinisweni ukusetyenziswa kwabo akunakwenzeka. Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba wenze konke okusemandleni ukuze umhloli aqaphele ukuba uyabaphulaphula. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba udlulise inxalenye ebalulekileyo kunokwenzeka.

Ngaba iimfuno zezikolo zemoto zitshintshile?

Imithetho emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokushayela ayikhompembelelo nje kuphela kwikamva, kodwa iqhuba izikolo. Iimfuno zazo ziye zaba nzima kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo, into yokuqala oko kuyimfuneko ukuba ngumfundisi oqeqeshiweyo kwaye onamava. Ngoku isikolo sokuqhubela imoto kufuneka sibe nensimu yaso kwiiklasi ezisebenzayo. Njengoko satsho ngaphambili, i-age of instructers kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25, kwaye amava - ubuncinane 5. Ngoku uqeqesho lootitshala lukwinqanaba eliphezulu. URhulumente weRussia Federation uthatha ukuba amanyathelo anzima aya kuvumela ukuphakamisa izinga lokufumana imfundo kungekhona kuphela kubafundisi kodwa nakwabafundi.

Ngaba kuyimfuneko kwizikolo zeemoto ukufumana ilayisenisi?

Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba imigaqo emitsha yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba ibonelela ukufumaneka kwelayisensi yemoto. Kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kulokhu kwiziko, elinceda ekufumaneni ukuchongwa okude kulindelwe. Enye into enokuthi abanikazi bezikolo bafanele bazi ukuba yinkqubo yabo yoqeqesho. Kumele ihlakulele ngokuzimeleyo onke amaziko okuqeqesha aze avume kwi-Inspectorate ye-Safety Road. Ukuba uqeqeshwe kwisikolo semoto, apho kungekho ilayisenisi okanye inkqubo yakho yoqeqesho, unokwenyulwa ngokusemthethweni ilayisenisi yokuqhuba. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuba unamathele xa ukhetha isikhungo esiza kukunceda ekufumaneni isitifiketi seemoto.

Ukulungiswa kunye neempawu kwikharityhulam

Mhlawumbi, ngamnye umqhubi wexesha elizayo unomdla kwizinto ezitsha zokupasa iimviwo zokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba. Ngaba uvavanyo kunye noqeqesho lushintshiwe? Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngoku abafundi bafuna ukuchitha iiyure ezingama-80 kwiklasi lokufundela. Ngaphambili, kwakukho ithuba lokuqeqesha ekhaya. Ngenxa yoko, abafundi bafuneka ukuba baqeqeshwe ngokwabo baze bavele nje ukuvavanya izinto ezifundwayo. Ngoku akukho ndlela enjalo. Ilayisensi yomqhubi iya kufumaneka kuphela kubafundi ababeya kuzo zonke iiklasi. Bonke abaqhubi bexesha elizayo bayafuneka ukuba bafumane uqeqesho lwezokwelapha kunye nengqondo. Ukongezelela, uya kufuneka ukwazi imithetho yeendlela kunye neziseko eziqhelekileyo zokuqhuba. Ubungakanani boqeqesho luxhomekeke kwicandelo elifunayo. Ngokomyinge, ihamba ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-300 zokufunda. Oku ku malunga neenyanga eziyi-3.5.

Imali yokufunda

Njengoko satsho ngaphambili, ngokugqithisa kwamanyathelo okufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba, iindleko zoqeqesho zandisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwezinye iindawo ixabiso lahlala lifanayo. Phakathi kwabo yiRiphablikhi ye-Autonomous Crimea.

Ngokomyinge, indleko yoqeqesho inyuke ngo-30% kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Ngokomzekelo, kwinqununu yombuso ixabiso li malunga ne-ruble ezingama-45. Iindleko ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubangelwa ixesha lokuqeqesha, ukufumaneka kweeyure ezisebenzayo kunye neendidi zokupaka imoto. Namhlanje, uRhulumente weRussia Federation uqikelele ukuqaliswa kobuncinci kunye nobuninzi bomda weendleko zemfundo. Okwangoku, ngelishwa, olu khetho alunikeziwe. Isikolo ngasinye sezemoto siyazimela ngokuzimeleyo iindleko zoqeqesho.

Ukuqulunqa

Kwinqaku lethu, sifunde ukuba imigaqo yokufumana ilayisenisi yokuqhuba ishintshile. Ukuba ungumqhubi wexesha elizayo, sincoma ngokukhawuleza ukuthatha indlela efanelekileyo yokuqeqesha. Siyabulela kule nto, awukwazi ukudlula kuphela iimviwo, kodwa ugcine ixesha elide. Inzuzo ephambili yinqanaba eliphezulu lezithuthi. Ngoku bavelisa abaqhubi abafanelekileyo kuphela. Oku, okwenene, kuyavuya. Emva koko, le nto iya kunceda ukunciphisa inani lezengozi ezindleleni zangaphakathi.