Ilya Chavchavadze: inyaniso enomdla malunga ne-biography

I-Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorievich ungumntu waseGeorgia, umbongi, inkosana, umkhosi, ulwalamandla kunye nokuzimela. Ngowe-1987 waxhaswa yiCawa leOthodoki. Ngelo xesha wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-Holy Ilya oLungileyo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, u-Chavchavadze wayebhekwa njengowomntu onqabileyo kakhulu kwisizwe saseGeorgia. Kule nqaku, i-biography yakhe emfutshane iza kuboniswa. Ngoko, masiqale.

Ilya Chavchavadze: umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Iqhawe kweli nqaku lifumene isiqinisekiso somthetho kwiYunivesithi yeSt. Petersburg. Kodwa ngenxa yembali "yomfundi" ka-1861, le ndoda yayifanele ishiye isikolo.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1864, u-Ilya Chavchavadze wakhuthazwa ukuba abe ngumbutho-rhu lumente-jikelele kwaye wahamba uhambo lwezoshishino kwiPhondo laseKutaisi. Inkosana yayiza kugqiba ubudlelwane bezilwanyana kunye nabanini bezindlu.

Iminyaka emine ezayo, u-Chavchavadze wenza njengomphathi wezoxolo kwiphondo laseTiflis. Wasebenzisa njengowokugweba kule sithili kude kube ngu-1874. Ukongezelela, u-Ilya uhola uluntu ngokusasazeka kokufunda nokubhala phakathi kwabantu baseGeorgia. Ngomnyaka we-1906, imbongi yanyulwa ilungu leBhunga leSizwe ukusuka kubaphathi. Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe yezombusazwe walwa ngokuzimela kweGeorgia. Kule nxu lumene, amalungu e-RSDLP, kunye nabasemagunyeni boBukhosi baseRashiya, benza ngokumelene nekosana.

Bulala

Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1907, u-Ilya Chavchavadze, umsebenzi wakhe uya kuchazwa ngezantsi, uhamba nomkakhe u-Olga. Esi sibini sasihamba ngeenqwelo ezivulekile ukusuka eTbilisi ukuya eSaguramo. Ephantse kwiTsitsamuri bamiswa yiqela likaGigla Berbichashvili (Imeretin, Ivan Inashvili, uPavle Aptsiauri, uGeorgy Khizanishvili). Ilungu ngalinye leqela lolwaphulo-mthetho linezixhobo. U-Chavchavadze unqabile kwiqela leenqanawa: "Musa ukudubula, Ndingu-Ilya." UGigla waphendula wathi: "Yingakho kufuneka sivule umlilo." Kwaye kwafika isandi somdlalo.

U-Vakhtang Giruli encwadini yakhe wazisa uluvo lwalunye ogqirha belo xesha ngegama lika-Iashvili. Olu phelileyo, nangona lingazange lugqirha lwezilwanyana okanye ubuchwepheshe beengcali, lugxeke iziphumo zengxelo ye-autopsy ingxelo. Ngokwe-Iashvili, iphostile yaxoshwa kungekho ngaphambili, kodwa emva kwayo. Okokuthi, umlilo wavulwa ukusuka kwinqanaba elinesibini, elingazange likwazi nokuba liqela lemiguqu yaseBerichashvili.

Isigwebo

Uninzi lwabantu lwakholelwa ukuba ukubulawa kweChachachaza kwakungabonakali ngokupheleleyo. Amalungu emigundane iBerichaichavili agwebile iimeko ezimbi zezixhobo zawo kwaye atyholwa kwimeko yokuba "itholile ngokwayo". Baye baphika nokuba khona komthengi. Umhlolokazi wembongozi wabuza inkundla ukuba igcine ubomi bexhoba kwaye ihloniphe imemori yomlingane. Kodwa, ngokwesi sigwebo se-Stolypin, inkundla yonke (ngaphandle kwe-Imeretin efihliweyo) yabulawa.

Iintetho

Okwangoku, abanye abalobi abangayazi ulwimi lwaseGeorgia kunye nembali, cinga ngababulali besikhulu seBolsheviks (iRussia). Ngokomzekelo, ngoNjingalwazi u-Anna Geifman, u-Ilya Chavchavadze wayekhokelela kwiintlanga ezilwa noDemokhrasi lweNtlalo. Eli lilandelayo lalikhokelwa yiBolshevik uPhilip Makharadze. Akazange akwaneliswe ukugxekwa kwenkqubo yabo yesikhulu. Oku kwanciphisa kakhulu isikhundla sezopolitiko zeBolsheviks. UGiifman wayekholelwa ukuba isizathu esona sizathu sokubulala uChachachaza kwakukudumo lwakhe olukhulu njengomntu kunye nomlobi. Konke lo u-Anna wabuye wadlulisela kwimisebenzi yezopolitiko ye-Ilya Grigorievich, ekholelwa ukuba wayekhokela abahlali ukuba bangabikho kwezobuhlanga.

Enyanisweni, oku kwakungeyona nyaniso. Ukuba uprofesa wayesazi imbali yaseGeorgia, wayengeke enze izigqibo eziphosakeleyo. Okokuqala, ubuzwe belo xesha babibiza abaxhasayo abangengabo uChavchavadze, kodwa u-Nikoladze umchasi wakhe. Okwesibini, i-Socialist Democrats ayizange ihlukanise iMensheviks neBolsheviks. Okwesithathu, iqela lika-Ilya Grigoryevich lalingekho emgangathweni kwaye alizange liphumelele ukhetho.

Kwakukho ezinye iinguqulelo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Social Democrats ibhekisa ukuba amapolisa amfihlo ukuba abe ngumququzeleli wokubulala. Injongo yayiyi-anti-government position of the imbongi kunye nomzabalazo wakhe wokuphelisa isigwebo sokufa.

Ukudala

1857 - lo ngumnyaka u-Ilya Chavchavadze uqale ukupapasha imisebenzi yakhe. Iingoma zenkondlo zivela kwimpapasho eyahlukeneyo: iphephandaba elithi "Droeba", iphephancwadi elithi "Tsiskari", elisekwe ngu "Sakartvelos Moambe", njl. Kwaye nantsi imibongo eyaziwayo kakhulu yinduna: "uMama noNyana", "IHermit", "iDmitry Sacrificial", "Ghost", "Isiqendu soBomi babasela". Kwakhona uChavchavadze wabhala iindibano ezinjengokuthi "I-Hangman", "iNdaba yeKrisimesi", "iMbali yeNkcazo", "Iincwadi ezivela kwi-Roadman", "Ibali leNgcini", "I-Katsia-Adamiiani", njl.

Ngethuba lokuphila kuka-Ilya Grigorievich, ezininzi iinkondlo zakhe zaguqulelwa kwisiRashiya. Ngokuphathelele imibongo, abafundi baseRussia babengafunda kuphela "iHermit". Ngendlela, zonke iinkondlo zokuphila ze-Chavchavadze, eziguqulelwe kwisiRashiya, zaqokelelwa kwiqoqo ehlukileyo. Iingcaphuno ezivela kuyo zanyatheliswa kwi "Herald yaseYurophu", "Ukubukwa kweZithombe", njalo njalo.

Translations

U-Ilya Chavchavadze uguqulelwe ngolwimi lwakhe lwasekhaya uGoethe, uSchiller, Heine, uTurgenev, uLermontov noPushkin. Kwakhona wabelana nale nto ngokubambisana nabanye ababhali. Ngokomzekelo, kunye no-Ivan Machabeli, wathuthela kwisiGeorgia esithi "King Lear".

Defender Public

U-Ilya Chavchavadze wayengumntu wamazwe ngamazwe. Wawavikela abantu baseArmenian ababandlulula iminyaka eminingi. Ngamanye amaxesha kwakufuneka athathe ingozi ebomini bakhe. Kodwa imbongi yayibheka iGeorgia njengesizwe esisodwa seproletarian, kunye neenkosana njenge-revolutionary vanguard. Nangona i-Chavchavadze iholele iBhanki yeLizwe leTbilisi, naye wabhekisela kubalandeli be-proletarians, ebahlabelela emsebenzini wakhe wokudala. U-Ilya Grigorevich walwa neArmenian, isi-Ossetian, isiRashiya, isiTurkey, njl. Bourgeoisie. Ngomnyaka we-1902, ekuguquleleni kwesiRashiya, inqaku lakhe elithi "Blatant Stones kunye neeSayensi zeArmenian" yabonakala. Wenza ingxolo eninzi. Kule nkalo, kungekhona kuphela umbusi waseArmenia, kodwa kunye ne-left-wing Social Democrats, ayichasene neqhawe kweli nqaku.

Stalin malunga nomlobi

Ngomnyaka we-1895-1896, u-Ilya Chavchavadze, ochazwe ngasentla, uhamba phambili kwiphepha le-Iveria. Wayebhalela iimbongo ezisixhenxe ngumbongi uSoso. Intsha yaseStalin yabhala phantsi kwesi sonyameko xa efunda kwi-seminary ye-theological. Ubunono beChavchavadze babenempembelelo enkulu kwikamva elizayo le-USSR. U-Stalin, kunye nokukhuselwa okuthe ngqo, wabecinga nabantu bakhe njengesizwe esisodwa seproletarian. Yaye yakhe ingqungquthela ngokuqiniswa komzabalazo weklastiki njengobuKomanisi kunye nentlalo-ntsapho yaba khona kubo bonke kodwa baseGeorgia. Ekunikezeni udliwano-ndlebe kumenzi wefilimu uMikhail Chaurelia, u-Iosif Vissarionovich wabiza uChavchavadze omnye wabalobi abaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elineshumi elineshumi elinesithoba.

Imemori

• E-USSR, igama leqhawe kweli nqaku liBatumi State Drama Drama.
• Umfanekiso we-Ilya Grigorievich ufakwe kwi-lari ye-20 (i-bill yeGeorgia).
• Ngowe-1958, isithuba sakhishwa isitampu esinikezelwe kuChachachasadze.
• Igama lembongi lanikezelwa kwiYunivesithi yeNkcubeko kunye neelwimi zaseNtshona Yurophu.
• Iimyuziyamu zeSikhumbuzo zedolophini zavulelwa kwidolophana yaseKvareli (1937), kwindawo yeLilya Griyovich ebizwa ngokuthi iSaguramo (1951) kunye neTbilisi (1957).