Umdlali waseMelika uFrancis Farmer: i-biography, ifilimu kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Kuwonke uluntu, umdlali we-actress, mhlawumbi, uyaziwa kakhulu ngembali ebalulekileyo yobomi bakhe. Amabali ahlaseleyo kunye namaxesha amaninzi malunga neengxelo ezihlaselayo ezibandakanyeka kwiFama ziye zafunyanwa kwiphephandaba, ngokukodwa ngokunyanzeliswa kwakhe kwisibhedlele sengqondo. Umntu onetalente kunye neengxabano eFrancis Farmer wayeyintloko yokugwetywa kwabanye kunye nokugcinwa kweminyuli kwabanye. Ubuntu bomdlali kunye nobomi bakhe babenesizathu sokudala iifilimu ezintathu, iincwadi ezintathu, iingoma ezininzi kunye namaqaku omagazini.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

UFrances Elena Farmer wazalwa ngoSeptemba 19, 1913 e Seattle, eWashington. Uyise wayengummeli, nonina unontlalontle. Ubuntwana bukaFrancis babanjwe ngenduduzo kunye nokuchuma, unokuthiwa uyonwabile, ukuba kungekhona ukulwa nomama wakhe, owayengumntu onamandla kakhulu. Sekuqaleni kweminyaka yakhe yesikolo, le ntombazana yafumanisa i-penchant ye-talent esebenzayo kunye nethalente. Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, uFrancis wayinomncintiswano "we-Inqaku elimnandi", ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima othi "UThixo uyafa," wathabatha umvuzo weedola ezilikhulu. Ngomnyaka we-1931, wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington, apho wafunda khona i-journalism, umdlalo kwaye wathatha inxaxheba kwimveliso yomdlalo wezemidlalo.

Ubonakaliso bokuqala bemvelo yokuvukela

Ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo nonina kwavelisa uhlobo oluvukelayo lukaFrancis Farmer. I-biographie yomdlali, mhlawumbi, ingahluka, ukuba kungekhona umkhwa wokumelana nobulumko obuqhelekileyo. Le ntombazana ivelana neengcamango zentlalo yenkululeko yokungakholelwa kuThixo kunye nokulingana kwamanye amazwe kunye nokubhaliselwa rhoqo kwiphephandaba elithi "Izwi lokubuyisela" ngo-1935 linikezelwa uhambo lweSoviet Union. Naphezu kokubhikisha kukaMama kunye nokumangalelwa koluntu ngoxolo, uFrancis uya e-USSR. Umvukeli ufuna ukuzibonakalisa ngokuzimeleyo uluvo lwakhe malunga nelizwe labasebenzi kunye nabasimizi, kunye nokuqhelana nesikolo saseRussia esikhatywayo, sivakatye kwi-famous Art Art Theater.

Hollywood

Ekubuyeni kwakhe, intombazana isigqibo sokwenza utshintsho ebomini bayo kwaye ithatha umsebenzi osebenzayo. Ngowe-1936, italente encinane yathunyelwa eNew York, apho yadibana ne-Agent Paramount Pictures, efanelwe uvavanyo lomdlali omncinane. Ukubonakala kwebala kunye nesimo sendlela kaFrancis Farmer akazange ashiye abavelisi abachaseneyo, kwaye i-studio isayinwe naye isivumelwano seminyaka esixhenxe. Ngoko ibali laseHollywood le-actress liqala. Umsebenzi wokuqala uFrancis kwifilimu ethi "Abazali Abaninzi", ekhishwe kwizikrini ngowe-1936, ufumana ukuhlaziywa kwamahlazo kwabagxeki. Kukho utshintsho ebomini bakhe bomntu, naye uyazi kakuhle umdlali uLeif Erikson kwisethi yomfanekiso , apho atshada khona ngonyaka omnye. Isigaba sokunyuka kwenkwenkwezi yaseHollywood, Francis Farmer, iqalisa. Ifilimu iqhubeka nokuzaliswa ngemisebenzi emitsha. Kwifilimu yomculo "Isiqhelo kwiiNtshontsho" UFrancis udlala indima ebalulekileyo yowesifazane, kwaye iqabane lakhe kwisethi liba yiBing Crosby edumileyo. Umlimi uSamuel Goldwyn unikela uMlimi inxaxheba ebalulekileyo kwidrama ethi "Woza uze uyithathe" ngokusekelwe kwincwadi enomxholo kaEdna Ferber. UFrancis waxhamla ngokukhawuleza nendima, abagxeki kunye noluntu baxabisa ukuba wakhe umfanekiso wenina nentombi, indima kule film ibonwa njengomsebenzi onzima kunabo bonke abadlali. UFrancis usebenza kanzima, kwaye ngowe-1937 iifilimi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuye: "I-Exclusive", "Intandokazi eNew York" kunye ne "Otliv." Yonke into ibonisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo lomdlali.

Ukuchaswa kwi-Hollywood imithetho

Nangona impumelelo enkulu kunye nokuthandwa kwayo, ayizange iyaneliseke ngokwamsebenzi kaFrancis Farmer. Iifilimu kunye neendima ezazinikezelwa zona, umdlali weqhinga wayezicingela. Ngokweenkwenkwezi, abavelisi bamisela iimbopheleleko ezigxininisa kuphela idatha yangaphandle, kodwa ungabonakali italenta yakhe. Ngako oko, uFrancis wayehlala elwa nolawulo lweso studio, wayengenangqondo kwi-shot and akana ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi ye-Hollywood. Ngexesha apho ii-studio zefilimu zichazela iinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi zokuziphatha kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, le ndlela yokuziphatha yayicatshulwa njengefomu elibi. Ngako oko, ukuhlaziywa kweengcamango kumaphephandaba kwatshintshwe ngamacandelwana amacaleni okugxeka umdlali.

Itheyetha

Ngenjongo yokufumana ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngetalente yakhe nokuzimisela njengomdlali weqhinga elikhulu ngo-1937, uFrancis Farmer washiya iHollywood waza waya eConnecticut ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwimveliso yamatye ePinebrook. Kukho inkwenkwezi yefilimu yaseHollywood iyaqhelana nomlawuli weHarold Krumman kunye nomdlali wezemidlalo u-Clifford Odets kwaye uyamkela umnikelo wokujoyina inkundla yezemidlalo phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Kungekudala umqhubi wokuqala wezobugcisa "I-Golden Boy" ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweFama. Nangona umdlalo we-actress wadibana nokungahloneli ngabagxeki, ukuveliswa komdlalo ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kuye kuyathandwa, kwaye uMfama uhamba nohambo kunye nendawo yokuzonwabisa. Ngexesha lomsebenzi odibeneyo ekusebenzeni phakathi kukaFrancis noClifford Odets, i-affair yavela. Umdlali wokudlala wayetshatile kwaye, ngokungafani noMlimi, akayi kutshabalalisa umtshato aze athathe uxanduva olutsha. Umdlali wesicatshulwa wayebhekiselele kwisimo sengqondo sokungcatsha kunye nokutyholwa kwi-Odets of the fact that he used it to raise the rating of the production.

Buyela kwiHollywood

Ukulandela imiqathango yesivumelwano kunye neParamount Pictures, uFrancis Farmer ubuyela eHollywood. Uyaqhubeka nokuhoxisa, kwaye ngexesha lakhe lokungcebeleka lithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kwi-Broadway, kodwa ayingenise impumelelo yomdlali. UFrancis uziva ecinezelekile kwaye ngokugqithiseleyo unciphisa uxinzelelo ngotywala. Le ndlela yobomi ayifuni kumdlali we-actress ngokulungileyo, ubunzima bakhe obunzima, obunzima, obunzima. UFrancis unomdla kwaye uhlala ephazamisa ukudubula, ukuziphatha kwakhe kugxotha abavelisi, kwaye ukususela ngowe-1939, umsebenzi we-actress uye wahlahla. UFrancis unika ngokuqhubekayo iindima zeesibini, kwaye ngo-1942, i studio yaphula isivumelwano sakhe. Ngexesha elivela ngo-1938 ukuya ku-1942, iFama inkwenkwezi kwiifilimu "I-Curve ye-Curve ye-Miles", "iSouth Pago-Pago", "iTrans Golden", "iNtshonalanga yehlabathi", "i-Badlands yaseDakota", "Phakathi kwabaphilayo", "iNyana yoBushushu: Ibali UBenjack Blake.

Iingxaki zomthetho

Ubomi bentsapho yomdlali we-actress naye unika ikhefu, ngo-1942 wahlukana noLeif Erickson. Ukungaphumeleli kwimpilo kunye nobomi bomntu kubangela ukuxhomekeka kotywala. Ukuqhuba umbane kwindawo yokuxilisa kunye namapolisa ahlambalaza ekusebenzeni kukaFrancis ngomhla uya kubanjwa kwisitishi samapolisa saseSanta Monica. Inkundla yamgweba ukuvalelwa entolongweni kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nentlawulo yeedola ezingamakhulu amahlanu. Umdlali we-actress ngokukhawuleza uhlawulela isiqingatha kwaye ufumana ixesha elimiselweyo. Kufika umgca omnyama, ukukhungatheka kunye neentlanzi zizaliswe ngokucacileyo nge-biography kaFrancis Farmer. Iincwadi zee-biographies zenye, kunye namabhaso kunye namabhaso, umdlali wezobugcisa wayelindele, kodwa umlutha uqhubeka, kwaye umsebenzi kwiifilimu akafaki. Ukongezelela, umlinganisi ombi uphinde uzive, kwaye ngowe-1943 ukutshabalala kwintshahla ku-Francis. Umgcini wezinwele weso studio ummangalele Umfama olimaza umzimba. Ekubeni isahlulo sesibini senzuzo yesenzo sokuqala asizange sihlawulwe, uThemis waba ngummango, kwaye umdlali we-actress waphinde wafumana ngokwakhe emva. Inkundla yenkundla yayivakalayo, Umfama wayenisela kakhulu amapolisa ngesithuko, esityholwa ngokuphula amalungelo abo, ekugqibeleni waphonsa ijaji kumgwebi. Ngeli xesha, umdlali we-actress akakwazi ukuphuma entolongweni. Ngaphambi kwemivalo, uFrancis wayengekho ixesha elide, imeko yakhe yafunyanwa ingaqiniseki, kwaye kungekudala izihlobo zakwazi ukufumana uMfama uhanjiswe esibhedlele sengqondo. Kulapho, oogqirha bafumanisa ukuba uFrancis "ngumntu osisichengeni sokudandatheka kwengqondo" kwaye waqonda ukuba akanako.

Ukunyanzeliswa kwezibhedlele

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyisibhozo ebudeni, uFrancis wahlolwa kwaye unyango kwiiklinikhi ezahlukeneyo zengqondo. Ngeli xesha, iFama yafunyaniswa ukuba ibe ne-schizophrenia kwaye yatshitshisa i-insulin kunye neyeza-electroconvulsive therapy kuye. Umdlali we-actress wayevame ukugijima kwiikliniki emva kokuhlushwa, kodwa ubuyiswe kubuya. Iziphumo eziphunyeziweyo kwonyango zaziyokwazi kuphela ukugula ngengqondo, uWalter Freeman, owenza i-transloglobotomy. Umsebenzi uphumelele. Isimo sefama siphuculwe, kwaye ingqondo yacinywa, kwaye ngo-1950 wakhululwa eklinikhi phantsi kokunyamekelwa ngumama.

Ubomi obutsha

Ukubuyela eS Seattle, uFrancis usebenza kwiHhotela "iOlimpiki" okokuqala ekuhlambulukeni kokusebenza okulula, kwaye ke umlawuli. Ngowe-1953, uMlimi wasibuyiselwa kwamalungelo oluntu. Ngesinye isikhathi, uFrancis wambona intatheli kwaye wabhala inqaku ngaye. Oku kuvuselela umdla kumdlali we-actress. Umfama wamenywa ukuba athathe inxaxheba kumboniso weTV "Lo bubomi bakho." Wayeyithetha khona malunga nokusela kotywala, elalifihle kuyo kuqala, emva koko waya kwiklinikhi yengqondo. Umdlali we-actress wayeneminyaka emibini yokutshata. Ngo-1951, waya kuAlfred Lobley, kodwa sele sele ehamba ngo-1957 wadibana noLeand Mikesell, osebenza njengomgqugquzeli wethelevishini. Phakathi kwabo uqala ulwalamano, kwaye uFrancis uya eSan Francisco kunye nomthandi omtsha. Ngomnyaka we-1958, uMlimi wathabatha umtshato waza watshata noMikesell. Ngomdla wolomdla kumntu wakhe, uFrancis wadlala kwifilimu ethi "Cayfolom." Le filimu yayiyeyokugqibela kwimisebenzi yakhe yefilimu, emva koko iHollywood yayikhohliwe ngaye ngonaphakade.

TV

Iziqendu eziliqela ezibandakanya uMfama kwiingqungquthela zethelevishini zaphazamisa ukuqala komsebenzi wamabonwakude kunye nokudalwa kwayo. I-Talente Francis ibonise ngamandla omtsha, kwaye kungekudala kwiimboniselo zethelevishini kwakukho inkqubo yokubonisa "UFrancis Farmer Presents." Kwaphela ixesha elide le nkqubo yayithandwa kakhulu, kodwa ngo-1964 ukutshayelwa kotywala kwakhona kwavakalelwa. Umfama uphinde wahlukana, kwaye ukubonisa kwakhe kuvaliwe. Umdlali ozama ukubuyela kwinqanaba lemidlalo, kodwa utywala ngeli xesha ekugqibeleni uyaphumelela, kwaye kunye nomsebenzi osebenzayo weFama ugqibile ekugqibeleni. Umdlali waseFrancis Farmer wabulawa ngo-1970, ekhohliwe uluntu kunye nabamangalisayo.

Emva kwegama

Emva kokushicilela "Ngaba kuya kuba kusasa" nguFrancis Farmer, umzobo wezobugcisa. Uluntu luya kuba iinkcukacha zokuhlala kwakhe kwizibhedlele zengqondo. Ihlabathi lifunda ngobudlobongela bee-odongeni, ukunyeliswa koogqirha kunye nokuhlaziswa kwezigulane. Kwaye ngowe-1982, izikrini ziza kukhutshwa ifilimu ethi "Francis", echaza ngexesha elimangalisayo lomdlali. Indima kaFrancis eyenziwe ngokugqithiseleyo nguJessica Lange, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wakhethwa ukuba abe ngu-Oscar. UKurt Cobain, umculi ohamba phambili weqela leNirvana, ebizwa ngokuba nguFrancis Farmer yakhe yolondolozo kwaye wanikela ingoma kuye. UMelen Gaultier, owaziwayo kangcono njengeMalen Farmer, watshintsha igama lakhe njengesibonakaliso sokuhlonipha umdlali.