Ilmen (ichibi): kuthanjiswa, ukuloba kunye nohlolo

Kumntla-ntshona we-East European Plain, ubuxoki edume kwaye ubangel Lake Ilmen. kummandla Novgorod, inxalenye esentshona apho singene, emdeni Pskov kunye yaseTver umhlaba uhlala nomtsalane kubakhenkethi, abalobi kunye abazingeli. Ukuqhubeka umdla echibini kunye loza bakhe abathile amaqhawe, ngokuba ukukhankanywa efunyanwa kulo yeziKronike izingqiniso ezininzi, amabali kakhulu ezolile ngakumbi. Asiyi sijonge imbali igama umzimba emanzini, kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, yaye akukho namnye kubo bokuba ngokuphelele. -Ngqangi yamandulo de kwenkulungwane ye-16, eli chibi ubizwa ngokuba Ilmer, Oko ukusuka ngokuncedisana Finnish "ilm" kunye Slavic "Efe" lithetha "ichibi idala imozulu." Ifunyanwa kumbindi eRashiya ukuba amazwe Novgorod izityebi olunjalo iziganeko kwimbali yesizwe, iye wadala aura imfihlelo izinto ziyimfihlo elisekho ezingqonge idike uzixhoxhile umdla iindwendwe zethu, ngoko Novgorod onothando. Lake Ilmen, soloko endimangazayo nesisa, ngokwenene ufanelwe ingqalelo.

Pearl Novgorod Land

Ngokwembali, imizimba omkhulu wamanzi - imilambo namachibi - ezihlala ulihlathi kubantu abaninzi, unika ukutya, ukuxhasa ubomi, ngokukhuselwa maxangu. Bekungekho ngaphandle Ilmen Lake, edulusele kwindlela odumileyo 'ukusuka Vikings ukuya amaGrike "kwaye lisebenza njenge umthambo yorhwebo yamanzi edibanisa North noMzantsi Russia kunye aseBalti naseScandinavia - kunye Byzantium. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, babethe qwelele kunye izizwe Ugu ezahlukeneyo nobuhlanga kwiBaltic eFinland kunye Balts. Uphuhliso kakhulu kunxweme dami yi-nokuxubana yaqala ngenkulungwane yesithoba, njengoko oko kungqinwa ezininzi iziza zakudala: zokungqinga kunye zokuhlala. Lake Ilmen (isixeko, ngubani wakhulela Ugu - oku inkululeko-onothando Novgorod) eyafakwa "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi.

ichibi Unique zendalo, ngokuzalisa elinesibini yokuqala amachibi inkulu Russian ngobukhulu, nayo eyaziwa ngokuba neempawu zayo ukuba akukho omnye ukuqhayisa. Lamanzi ngexesha izikhukula ufikelela iimitha-7, kunye nokwanda kummandla kumphezulu wayo linyuke amaxesha 3.

Oku nemingenela kuyaqondakala abaninzi imilambo 40 nemilambo dama ondla kubunzulu elincinane ngokwentelekiso 3.5-4 m (ubuninzi-10 m). Ubukhulu onomtsalane elwandle ubude 45 kunye ububanzi-35 km kunye nokungabikho iziqithi ngamnye lizale esipilini-egudileyo umphezulu yeyokukhulisa, eshiya ngasemva ngomqukumbelo kudaleke wenkohliso nokuphola yolwandle, yokwanda ingxolo isemanzini kunxweme eliphezulu kumzantsi-ntshona. Akumangalisi ke okuthiwa kuye Moyskim uze ulwandle Slovenian. Kunjalo, abakhenkethi ukufika apha okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu eli chibi emangalisayo, nto leyo iba umlinganiswa enzima.

ulwandle ubuqili Moyskogo

Ilmen Ichibi kwimephu weRashiya ukufumana snap. Kwanele ukhululekile amathafa indawo, kunene kancinane izinga iilwandle (18.1 m), kunye nobunzulu omncinci bangabasindisi nokubasindisa meko, xa kukho sisaqhwithi, apho kwezi ndawo ubuqili ezizodwa. Nje ukungabikho iziqithi, ukusebenza yomali kwamanye amanzi, apha inika ithuba kukuhambahamba emazeni. amaza Storm ukufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini, ukuba Zinokuxutywa emfutshane kakhulu, bona bayakwazi ukuguqula ngokulula isikhephe okanye iphenyane. Strong storm Ilmen phezu ngamaxesha onke, encwadini yeembali zookumkani ngenkulungwane weshumi elinesihlanu ichazwa yi uqhwithela olubi, owenzeka ngo 1471, iziphumo apho eninzi iinqanawa ezazikayo amathambo kule mihla abembi kwamanzi bazama ukufumana ezantsi.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki ngokuza kule ndawo abakhenkethi. izaqhwithi ezimandundu - isenzeko ezinqabileyo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ngumoya okanye uhambo lokuloba kufuneka khangela imozulu kunye nembono ilungileyo Bakhokelindini zasekuhlaleni abayaziyo nechibi labo Ilmen. kummandla Novgorod, ukuphumla ukuba ezinxulumene ne umzimba likhankanyiweyo lamanzi, sele iphumelele ingqalelo abalobi best zasekhaya.

usebe

Lake Amathafa indawo ecacisiweyo namageduka lonxweme, uninzi eyenziwe imigxobhozo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe, kwaye kwezinye iindawo unxweme ogudle nezinto ezininzi ziziqithi tyaba wezandyondyo kunye nemijelo. Kumkunyela wonkxweme ukusuka emantla-ntshona inxalenye chibi iphantsi, nasentshonalanga evuthelweyo, Zinokuxutywa izihlambo, kumanxweme mgxobhozo esemazantsi. Ngokomthetho ichibi ezingqongileyo tyaba ngendlela elimi ngayo. Kodwa Ilmen kwakungayi kuba twi mmangaliso edikeni, ukuba wayengazange thaca thina kunye nembali kunye zakudala ngongoma umdla umbono Glint. Le eweni ngaphandle, kongqameko malunga-15 leemitha kunye ubude-8 km, ephakathi iilali Korosten kunye Heath. Kakhulu indawo entle, ngobambana nomnye: eliweni lekalika, ezo icinezelwe ngexesha uphila ubungqina amaxesha elidluleyo nangoku Iyandonwabisa iifeni anike Scientist osekuqaleni. Kwiingcamba ilimestone shinyi bafumana amatye abantu bakudala amaninzi nezityalo nezilwanyana.

lake amanzi

nja- Natural ukunika ukungcola kwamanzi shades ilmenite sinombala, kodwa esimsulwa sedikeni kwintaba ephakame. Ngaphezu mahlanu nemifula ingenisa ngayo, musa ukuvumela amanzi angaxingi, kwaye qho emva kweenyanga 1.5-2 ngenxa zethala yendalo luhlaziywe ngokupheleleyo. intshukumo njalo yhuu hayi abazihlambululayo wachukumiseka, njengoko ubushushu kwiindawo ejulile enkulu nkqu idumbe azifane idlula +20 ° C. Noko ke, abalobi koku kuphela wonwabe kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ihamba rhoqo kunye nokuhlaziya kwamanzi akudali yokunqaphela, enyakamisa ngokupheleleyo emanzini kunye oksijini, neentlanzi luphuhlisa kakuhle, umkholise wokubambisa.

Ukuthetha malunga wobunjani bamanzi, ndingasathethi kanye oko umlambo uzele Ilmen chibi, ukuloba apho yasebukhosini ngokwenene. Shelon, uPawulos, MSTA, Lovat, Vergot, Veryazha, Krupka, Psizha kunye nezinye imithambo ezininzi Ilmen ukugcina Obusemagqabini ubunjani amanzi.

River impilo pesto

Wonke umlambo lowo ujikeleze kungena Ilmen Lake, igcwele ezi yantlukwano libe sisigingqi, nto leyo olungileyo Pike, zakhele, catfish, bream, neKubhi, Pike. Xa intlanganisela Lovat, Imigangatho kunye Vergoti wayedla wabanjwa kunye izinto kuphela. amachibi ezininzi elizweni, imilambo ukunxibelelana kunye imibhobho, - amabala zidala zendalo, apho yobuninzi iintlanzi abaselula ngoka ngamarhamncwa. ubude Lovat angu 530, ngenxa Belarusian Lake Lovatets idlula inkqubo amadama ezincinane Pskov neziphaluka Novgorod. Umfula akulinikwanga uba jiko, Amanzi ethile ukufikelela-kubunzulu ezisibhozo, kunye sandbars benza Imibundu leyo yeminyango, kwaye Velocity flow iyahluka ngokubanzi. avareji ububanzi balo 70 m, xa intlanganisela Ilmen - 220 m.

imithombo chibi, imozulu lokudala

Ancient izizwe Slavic ezinza nonxweme Ilmen, ebizwa ngokuthi "yeyam yegolide" isitokhwe isityebi iintlanzi. Namhlanje, loo nto intle beneaped kuthelekiswa nabo ixesha omdala chibi nangoku wokubambisa wonwabile emangalisa. Ifumaneka phantse 40 iintlobo zeentlanzi yamanzi: Pike, zakhele, catfish, bream, bream oluhlaza, burbot, Roach, sabrefish, limfiliba.

Fishing usegazini, ngobanjiso lweentlanzi bonke: abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, amateurs kunye ifama yokusebenza yobungcali. abatyeleli Fishing, izixhobo irente, yobugcisa kunye nezindlu abe kakhulu abahlali ngempumelelo ishishini Priilmenye iilali, sinceda ukuze baphile kwiimeko ezinzima lobunzima ngokusisigxina.

ukuloba

Fabulously imithombo fish isityebi Ilmen Lake i indawo enkulu iholide. Enye yeendawo ezininzi ethandwa ukuloba - kwilali Vzvad esasingakunxweme icala Novgorod kwaye abakhankanywe yemihla kwinkulungwane yeshumi njengoko indawo kuzingela umthetheli kunye lokuloba. Okwangoku, kukho eqhuba isityalo "Umlobi Red", yiyo loo nto ekuqaleni iindlela ezininzi ilmenite. Bathi intlanzi abaluma kwi Lake kuyo yonke indawo. Betha kunye neembasa ukusukela ezinzulwini yale nesisa abalaseleyo enkulu kwinxalenye yaseYurophu Russia echibini.

Umbutho zonke iintlobo iindlela zokuloba lokuphola kwi Ilmen bazibandakanya iziseko kweshumi ngaphezu kokuba, esisigxina nezinejika, kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo nentuthuzelo, ulawulo ezingundoqo na indawo yabakhenkethi endilisekileyo. Ngokuchanekileyo ngokukhawuleza isonjululwe ingxaki ubomi kunye nabalobi zolonwabo kwenza kube lula ukuhlawula le uyithandayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Inzuzo ephambili dislocation kumaziko nolonwabo - kukunikezelwa kweenkonzo sikhokelo, ulwazi kunye namava, nako ukunika indlela zokuloba elungileyo, ukuze yenze iingcebiso malunga neendlela ezingcono lokuloba, ukuncedisa ekukhetheni kokuloba olufanelekileyo baze baxelele abanye ngayo nezo tyala.

Ubukho neziseko izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye neendlela zobugcisa - nayo inkalo kubalulekile ukuba ukuloba ngempumelelo. Kakade ke, kwiindlela ezininzi Ilmen, ukhetho umiselwa izixhobo zobugcisa. Ukuba kukho isikhephe kunye injini ezilungileyo ukufikelela kumgama elide, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iindawo athembisayo.

Lake Ilmen, ukuloba elibanika ulonwabo lokwenene unyaka wonke kuthatha abathandi, nantsi njengoko kulungileyo, njengoko yokuloba ehlotyeni nasebusika a.

ukuloba ebusika

Winter ukuloba abaninzi ukuba yeyona umdla, ekhuselekileyo kunye bekhululekile. Ice kwi Ilmen ekupheleni kukaNovemba, kwaye kuvulwa ekupheleni kuka-Aprili.

lokuloba Ice on Ilmen - into oyithandayo umdla. Ukuba ndiyaqikelela imozulu, ixesha kunye neemeko, ngobanjiso ungaba kuze buziikhilogram ezilishumi. Early March - lixesha catch kakhulu omncinane. Iintlanzi ziza usebenze xa umkhenkce kuba nakwamanye amazwe, apho uya zinyibilikisiwe, kwaye amanzi chibi Igcwele oksijini.

Le ndawo esikhulu ichibi livalela i uphendlo elizimeleyo. Ngoko ke, ukuze uphephe ukudana, kuyimfuneko mhlawumbi ukuba alungiselele kwaye ahlole iinkcukacha mphandle, iindawo zokupaka ingakumbi iintlanzi zayo kubambisa, okanye lifune inkxaso yeengcali abanobuchule, abahlobo okanye abakhokeli babo, abonelela ukuzonwabisa. Ilmen Ichibi ebusika - ukuba izithuba enkulu ephangaleleyo, kwaye umendo ngapha ngumkhenkce kwindawo ethenjisiweyo kungcono owoyiswa yokuhamba. -High speed, waqondisa kakuhle, ukuvumela ukuya hummocks ngeenxa kwaye zinyibilikisiwe, kwakunye nokwehlisa ixesha wophendlo nokulondoloza uyolo lokuloba komkhenkce ubuhle be kwezi ndawo.

ukuzingela

Abazingeli, kanye watyelela ezi ndawo, ngolangazelelo malunga isixa esikhulu inyamakazi, nto leyo sifumaneka imigxobhozo namahlathi ngeenxa Ilmen. Ukubhiyozela pretty zemveliso mallard ekwindla ukuzingela kunye abotshwe okanye indlela ngesikhephe. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba ubonelelo ukutya umkhulu ngokwaneleyo: iindlela ezininzi kunye namachibi ezincinane, iindawo ezinkulu asengcongolweni, indawo entofontofo yokwakha nokukhulisa.

On umkhukula ezinkqantosini inani elikhulu nakwiintaka nomgxobhozo: snipe, corncrake, snipe. Kuba abathandi kuzingela a gundog Kumnandi engakholelekiyo. Xa isivumelwano lokuqala kunye iikomiti zolawulo zokuzingela bendawo aye kwi elk kunye yasendle.

Yekelela kwi Ilmen

Le kuthandwa ukwandisa namhlanje ngokuya lokuloba ukuzonwabisa. Bubuqaqawuli obubalaseleyo Ilmen ichibi engqongwe amahlathi emangalisayo, isiselo umoya kunye icula - konke oku, uhamba kunye nethemba an catch Pike emangalisayo utsala abakhenkethi ngakumbi nangakumbi. A inkonzo enkulu, indawo ekulungeleyo aze nokunika intuthuzelo iphezulu usoloko ifumaneke iindwendwe. Inani labo abanqwenela ukutyelela le ndawo zobugqi uyakhula unyaka nonyaka. Yaye nje ukuloba utsala izihlwele abakhenkethi, nangona abakhenkethisi abanamava kunye rangers ziya kusoloko kuqhuba iindlela ezingcono nokuqinisekisa ukuphumelela.

Base, akhiwe echibini, inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo zolonwabo kunye nexesha lokuphola:

• ikhaya lula kwaye ukhululekile ukuba nabahleliyo;
• indawo zomhlaba ohlayo;
• bath;
• indawo yokupaka lixa;
• ukuqaliswa ezingafanelekileyo;
• zerenti amaphenyane inkonzo kunye izikhephe;
• obonelela ukusetyenziswa snowmobiles.

Eyona ndlela iphambili uyilo nolonwabo isanda ukuqinisekisa lula kangangoko ezityeleleyo Abalobi. Kodwa abasebenzi ishishini iindwendwe wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze iyantluko ekuphumleni oko kube awayengenakuyilibala nokuba lokuloba, ukuzingela, usapho kunye neeholide friendly okanye isiganeko lweziko. lundwendwe nganye iya kuba nako ukukhetha uhlobo leeholide oko kwakuya wabhenela kuye.

Nayiphi ubumnandi iba mnandi ngakumbi xa onke amaxhala indlu athabathe ukuzonwabisa. Ilmen lake - oku iihambo esikhepheni excursions ehlotyeni - Skiing amanzi ebusika - ride umdla kwi snowmobiles. Iyakwamkela liphulo holidaymakers apha iimeko ekuphekeni phezu komlilo, ngaphandle grills kunye smokehouses. Abalobi yimpumelelo abazingeli ungagcina neembasa zabo kumagumbi ezibandayo.

On Lake Ilmen, awukwazi kuphela babe nexesha lokuphola enkulu, amalungiselelo ukuloba obalaseleyo, kodwa ukuphucula impilo yabo. Xa yokugcina sanatoriums kunye izindlu zamabhoda kukho amagumbi mihla-oxhobele, ezifundisa ukuyifundisa nokomeleza impilo ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni, iphucula okukwazi nethoni zomzimba. Ukuba oyifunayo, abahambi zibonelelwa nemiqolomba kunye kumadanyana, izithuba zokupaka banzi. Icandelo labucala liya kunikela iinkonzo yokuhlala kwi ingabizi kakhulu ukhetho.

Ilmen edikeni, ezolonwabo kunye ukuloba - la magama abantu abaninzi minyaka abatyelela ezi ndawo, ziye zadityaniswa. Oku akothusi - sebehlanjululwe apha kanye, akunakwenzeka ukuba umlibale nobukhulu ulwandle Slovenian elimiweyo nenzaliseko yalo kunye nobuhle. Lake Ilmen, apho ungakwazi bayakhohlwa ukugqiba zemihla ngemihla ukusebenza, nkxu kusasa emanzini yikristale acocekileyo, kuphefumla emoyeni kakhulu enxilisayo kwaye ukubamba izikhokeli, sinika uvuyo emangalisayo aze abuyisele uxolo lwengqondo.