Ikholera - Ikholera ...: Oonobangela, Iimpawu, diagnosis and Treatment

kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye - ixesha kobugcisa ezintsha kunye ezifunyaniswe, kuquka kwinkalo yamayeza. Ukuba ngaphambili izifo ubhubhane icheba lonke usapho kunye nasemaphandleni, uloyiko waphefumlela nokukhwankqiswa ebantwini, nanamhlanje, izazinzulu zonyango baye bafumana iindlela ukujongana nezigulo ezininzi esinganyangekiyo ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ubhubhane ikholera eRashiya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba wathabatha ubomi babantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, izinga lokusweleka ukusuka sifo 5-10% kuphela.

Ubhubhane inkulu kwimbali yabantu

Epidemic - usasazo oluya ezihlweleni lwee-isifo okanye inthsolongwane. Nakule bonke abantu, umntu uyakwazi ukubala elinesibini ezimbalwa izifo ezininzi ezimbi kwaye kuyingozi.

1. A bhubhane ekupheliseni ingqakaqa. Oku kwanciphisa inani abemi belizwekazi Merika 100 million ukuya 10 1500! Iimpawu zesifo - ifiva, iingqaqambo umzimba ubuhlungu, irhashalala, efana amathumba. A indlela yokudlulisela - emoyeni, qhagamshelana-khaya. Izinga lokufa - 30%.
2. Umkhuhlane bhubhane. I elikhulu ngo-1918. Esi sifo sibulele abantu malunga omnye amakhulu ezigidi. Umkhuhlane - enye pandemics ezimbi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
3. Isibetho, nokuba "Black Death." Ngowe-1348, esi sifo kwabulawa kwisiqingatha baseYurophu, kwakunye eChina ne India. Dlulisa nempuku isibetho, hayi kanye mandithi, i iintakumba yeempuku. Ngamanye amaxesha sabuya isibetho sathi qwele ngexesha lethu, kwiindawo umiwe namabuzi ezincinane. Iimpawu zesi sifo - ifiva, khohlo, hemoptysis, ukuphefumla enzima. iindlela Modern zezonyango kuvumela namhlanje yokulwa ngempumelelo isibetho.
4. bhubhane Malaria. Kuyaziwa ukuba abantu baseAfrika. Queen - le ingcongconi bohlobo. Izinga lokufa isifo umhla lihlala kunokuba phezulu.
5. Tuberculosis. Maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba "isibetho esimhlophe". Eyona unobangela ukwanda - iimeko ezingalunganga yobomi kunye nomsebenzi, ubuhlwempu. Kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo siyanyangeka.
6. Kholera. Le ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni, nto leyo ngokufuthi ekhokelela ekufeni. Ezintandathu pandemics ikholera ziye zabulala izigidi zabantu amazwekazi ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu - ukugabha, urhudo, ukuxhuzula. Usulelo isasazwa kakhulu ukutya kunye namanzi.
7. AIDS. Eyona nto yoyikekayo nezifo. Esi sifo nokuba uyabulala. Kuphela usindiso - isondlo unyango ubomi. Olusemngciphekweni Abaxhomekeki kwiziyobisi.
8. yellow fever. A indlela yokudlulisela efana seengcongconi. Iimpawu - fever, intloko ebuhlungu, ukugabha, nobuhlungu bomzimba. Esi sifo sihlasela ikakhulu nezintso nomhlehlo wesibindi. Ngenxa yoko, isikhumba yabantu iba yellow.
9. yesifo bhubhane. Iimpawu - fever, ukungabi namdla wokutya, umkhuhlane kunye buthathaka, intloko ebuhlungu, ifiva, kuthibaza, isicaphucaphu. Usuleleko kungabangela uphuhliso ekuboleni, inyumoniya. ubhubhane yesifo ubukhulu becala lanempembelelo Yokuqala kunye lwesiBini World Wars.
10. Ebola. gciwane. isiphumo esibi kwenzeka ngo-90% yamatyala. Virus usasazwa ugqithiselwa ngokuhlawulelwa ngegazi, isikhohlela yomguli kunye ngokusebenzisa yobudoda. Iimpawu - yintloko ebuhlungu, ifiva, isicaphucaphu, kuloo ndawo iintlungu esifubeni, irhashalala, urhudo, emzimbeni, wopha onke amalungu.

Isizathu sokwanda kwihlabathi usulelo - yokunqongophala nezithethe zococeko, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela ngococeko, ukuphuhliswa kwiindawo ezintsha.

Ubhubhane ikholera

Ikholera - an isisu, nto leyo sikhatshwa ilahleko elibukhali kolwelo, emzimbeni. Oku kubangelwa igciwane Vibrio ikholera. A indlela izifo - sisiXhobo - emanzini, ukutya abosulelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ikholera, ngasinye kakhulu zabo. Hi xikombiso, le ikholera eliseNepal, obangela nawuphi na umonakalo kubahlali balapha, iye yaba gciwane ukuba abemi Dominican Republic Haiti.

Amaziko inkulu bhubhane abhalwe eAfrika, Latin America ne India. Kwaye nangona zonyango mihla kwenza kube lula ukujongana nesi sifo, izinga lokusweleka kusenjalo 5-10%. ERashiya, ubhubhane sotyatyazo 1830 wayeyimbonakalo yokuqala enkulu olu hlobo usulelo. Ile isibetho, wathabatha nomphefumlo ngezigidi zabantu.

Zikhusele wena esibathandayo ikholera kunokwenzeka, ukugcina ucoceko zobuqu. Ingakumbi ingqalelo impilo yazo kufuneka ibe abo bantu rhoqo ukuhamba hamba lizwe nakwamanye amazwe. Kufuneka kusoloko ukuyibalekela eateries athandabuzekayo kunye iivenkile zekofu. Bazithengele ukutya hayi kwi kwiimarike yendalo kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo. Ukutyelela kwamanye amazwe, kungcono ukwenza lokugonya.

iintlobo ezintathu ikholera

Ikholera - sisifo esosulelayo ochaphazela amathumbu kunye nezintso. Esi sifo zenzeke ebantwini ngeendlela ezintathu, kuxhomekeke iqondo emzimbeni.

1. Easy. Iimpawu eziphambili - sorhudo, ngamanye amaxesha ukugabha kancinane, ubuhlungu apha esiswini. Iminqweno kwindlu yangasese kunokuba ukuya kahlanu ngemini. nemeko ngokubanzi zempilo isigulane - eyanelisayo.
2. Ukuma avareji. Iimpawu - sorhudo (ukuya kalishumi ngemini), kunye nokugabha, eziphezu avuke. Isigulana umlomo rhoqo benxaniwe neyomileyo. Kusenokubakho cramping kancinane izihlunu, iinyawo, iminwe.
3. ifomu Severe. sifo ikholera ngeli nqanaba rhoqo ebulalayo. Iimpawu - defecation intabalala, ukuba amaxesha amabini ngemini, ukugabha ngokuphindaphindiweyo, unxano, umlomo owomileyo, ngelizwi elitshothozayo. Umzimba emzimbeni, umntu ufumana ujongo olwahluke - ubuso etsolo, izandla ukushwabana, amehlo ezazikayo. Imilebe, iindlebe, isikhumba uba umbala oluhlaza. Ngaloo ndlela andise cyanosis. Echama lwenziwa ngaphantsi rhoqo, yaye kungekudala kuphela zizonke.

Abantwana kakhulu nzima ngenxa sorhudo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umzimba wabo akazange afunde ukuba banyamezele ukulahleka okungaqhelekanga kolwelo.

Uthintelo kakuhle sorhudo - a ucoceko buqu. Xa iimpawu encinane lidiza kwesi sifo, kufuneka ngoko nangoko uye esibhedlele ngenxa uncedo abafanelekayo.

Indlela ukuqaphela ikholera?

Amaxesha amaninzi lo sifo zabhidaniseka nezinye izifo ezifanayo, umz, kunye ityhefu ukutya, nto leyo eye iimpawu ezifanayo. A ubuthi, umthetho, abantu abaninzi abaphatha ngokwabo. Ngenxa unyango kwenziwa hayi amachiza kunye sifo ngeli xesha libe ifomu kakhulu ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, wonke umntu kufuneka azi into ikholera, ziziphi iimpawu zayo nendlela ukujongana nayo. Ngoko ke, iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

1. Urhudo emihlanu ukuya kalishumi okanye ngaphezulu ngemini. Inani ukuhamba kwesisu ngcembe kwandisa kwaye ukufikelela ukuya kwiilitha enye enesiqingatha ngexesha!
2. Iintlungu ngokuba yityhefu, akukho.
3. Ukugabha inophawu ekhulayo. Isicaphucaphu akukho ulandelwe. ulwelo eqwengiweyo kufana kukubola irayisi.
4. emzimbeni Rapid. Ulusu uba umbala oluhlaza. Indoda bathuthunjiswe unxano rhoqo, umlomo owomileyo. Yintoni ikholera (izigulane Photo), inokubonwa ncwadana yenzululwazi kunye iintyilalwazi (kwaye kancinane - kweli nqaku).
5. amahlaba kwezihlunu.

uncedo lokuqala for ikholera

Ukuba umntu evela usapho waphawula zonke zesifo ikholera, kufuneka ngoko nangoko udibane nogqirha. Isigulane kuxhomekeke ukuya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Noko ke, kukho amaxesha xa ukufumana uncedo lonyango ngokukhawuleza lutshitshe (ahlale ngaphandle zokuhlala). Kulo mzekelo, wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba alawule indlela zoncedo lokuqala.

Owona mthetho - zizizwe ezininzi. Indlela umzimba ulahlekelwa njengoko ufuna ukuzama ukuba 'uthulule ". Sela ekucetyiswa zonke seyure ml 200. Kodwa akufuneki ibe manzi kuphela, kodwa isisombululo ekhethekileyo (ilitha nganye yamanzi - itispuni yetyuwa kunye iitispuni ezine zeswekile).

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ilindle, kweentsholongwane zabo. Amadada, ucoceko zobuqu kufuneka kuqwalaselwa ngobunono ukwenzela ukuthintela ukosuleleka. Zokulala kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo. Izinto okuhlamba nomonde kubushushu degrees 90. Emva ukuhlamba, kungakuhle ayina kubo.

izinyathelo ezinjalo kufuneka, ngokuba ezibanjwa khaya akuyi kuba nzima.

Umyalezo kunye lwezifo zesifo sotyatyazo

Enye sifo kakhulu esibi isisifo esibi kwiinkulungwane zangaphambili ikholera. iintsholongwane Photo eyenziwe phantsi neemicroscope, yenza kucace ukuba arhente unalo intonga egosogoso kunye iinyanda enye okanye ezimbini zilungiswe iphambene ukumnceda ahambe.

Iintsholongwane ezibangela ikholera - bume abathandi obrak. Bona bekwazi thob starch kunye carbohydrate, kwakunye liquefy gelatin. I-pathogen ayiwufuni omiswe kunye UV eyingozi. Xa abilayo magciwane ayabulawa nangoko.

Ekubeni igciwane elibangela ikholera olunokuba khona ukutya kunye namanzi, ukuthintelwa engcono ulungise inkqubo ngeentlobo zokutya.

Ukuba inqanaba lesi sifo ingena kwimithombo yamanzi okusela, oko kuchaphazela yonke imizana. Sithetha ngobhubhani. Xa isifo ngaphaya kwindawo eyodwa okanye lonke ilizwe, ngoko kukho indawo unalo bhubhane. Ikholera - loo nto sisifo kunye bhubhane kanye nayo.

Isifo kwaye afumane unyango

Kakade ke, uxilongo "sotyatyazo" ayikwazi ukunikezela ngokwabo. Ezinye iimpawu zesifo akwanelanga. iimviwo eziyimfuneko zonyango kwenziwa ngendlela iilebhu ezikhethekileyo bacteriological. Ukuze uphando imfuneko yokuba umguli - emhlanzweni, endleni.

Ukuba sijonge imbali, ubhubhane sotyatyazo 1830 wathabatha ubomi obuninzi eRashiya. Yonke into sachaza ngokungabikho amayeza enamandla ixesha. Namhlanje, esi sifo ngcono. Yinto ngokwaneleyo ukuze benze isifo ngexesha kunye nonyango.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ikholera - ngobhubhani. Oku kunokuchaphazela amalungu entsapho aliqela. Naziphi na Iimpawu ekrokrisayo ibe isizathu unyango esibhedlele. Ithuba elisuke zesifo sotyatyazo uvela iiyure eziliqela ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu. Ngeli xesha, izigulane sele abathwali usuleleko kunye nokukhululwa pathogen kokusingqongileyo.

unyango sifo lwenziwa kuphela ezibhedlele, kwiiwadi ezikhethekileyo esosulelayo. Umsebenzi ezingundoqo noogqirha - makasizalise nokugcina imali amanzi emzimbeni lomguli. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izisombululo ityuwa kunye namayeza.

Igciwane zixhaphakileyo causative zesifo sotyatyazo - a sorhudo biotype bamandulo El Tor. Zombini ezi ntlobo ecingela antibiotics. Ngoko ke, lo unyango kwakhona kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa antimicrobials. Ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa erythromycin.

Ukhuseleko ibhetele nxamnye sotyatyazo ngexesha lethu - i ugonyo. Isitofu sokugonya ilawulwa kabini nganye ngenyanga. Ngokwemithamo zixhomekeke kubudala yesigulane.

Prevention of ikholera

Ikholera, kwakunye nasiphi na isifo, uthintelo kungcono kunokunyanga. Kwanele ukuba sigcine imithetho ngococeko, kwakunye onke amanyathelo okhuseleko, nto leyo zisetyenziselwa nokuthintela izifo ezihlasela zosulele emathunjini.

Ngoko ke:

1. Ikholera bacterium inokuba ndikho ukutya, amanzi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ungaze usele amanzi avela kwimithombo ezingaqondakaliyo. Kwiimeko kakhulu, kufuneka ubilise kwakhona.
2. Imifuno, iziqhamo, intlanzi, inyama kunye nezinye zokutya ekrwada kufuneka ngocoselelo baphathwe ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
3. Akukwazi ukuqubha kumadama apho kukho sanepidemstantsii wabo wavalwa. Mhlawumbi amanzi iqulethe eletha zesifo sotyatyazo okanye nasiphi na isifo.
4. Izigulane iimpawu ikholera kufuneka ngoko nangoko esibhedlele, kwaye igumbi apho, - iintsholongwane.
5. Ukutyelela amanye amazwe, kungcono ukwenza lokugonya. Kakade ke, lo isitofu sokugonya akanako ukunika ukhuseleko ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kwimeko kwiqumrhu sihlume bhubhane kuya kuba lula ukuba ukumelana nesi sifo.

Omnye Kufuneka kwakhona ukukhumbula ukuba nkqu nasemva epheleleyo iintsholongwane ikholera recovery ezinokosulela umzimba isihlandlo sesibini. Ngoko ke, baqatshelwe extra kunye isilumkiso ayinakulimaza!

wenza njani isifo ebantwaneni?

Esi sifo senzeka ebantwaneni, kanye njengokuba abadala. Noko ke, abantwana kunzima ngakumbi ukuba ithwalwe usulelo.

Amaninzi, usuleleko kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amanzi okanye ukutya. Kodwa kwimeko yabantwana na usuleleko kunokwenzeka ngokudibana close - ngezandla ezimdaka.

iibhaktheriya ikholera ukuba ungene umzimba womntwana, okwabangela ukunxila esibukhali kunye norhudo. Ukuqhubela phambili le sifo kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka izintso (nephropathy), arrhythmia kwentliziyo, nokudumba miphungeni. Abanye abantwana babe ukugula, ukufa isiqaqa. Ngoko ke kufuneka nje isigulo kwangethuba esi sifo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, esi sifo ikholera esinokunyangwa phantse ikhulu ekhulwini ixesha.

Unyango abantwana abagulayo, Njengabantu abadala, olwenziwe zokubhala kuphela. Therapy ijolise bazalisa iziselo ezilahlekileyo. Izigulane enendlela kakhulu ulwelo ilawulwa yegazi.

Care Nomonde kwakhona uquka kweentsholongwane ngokucokisekileyo kwelindle kunye nezinto zendlu.

Musa ukulibala malunga ukutyiwa ngokupheleleyo yaye isempilweni. Ngapha koko, xa ukugula kwakhe umntu ulahlekelwa elininzi ulwelo, kwaye ubunzima enye.

Uthintelo engcono ikholera ebantwaneni - ukwenza nanini na, naphi na ukuhlamba izandla, ukutya, amanzi bawasele kuphela abilayo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa umntwana ukutyelela enkulisa okanye esikolweni.

isiphelo

Uphuhliso amayeza kunye nenzululwazi kweli xesha lethu usinike isigqibo ukunyanga ezahlukahlukeneyo izifo ezinzulu. Umzekelo, isibetho, yingqakaqha, yesifo baqalisa isifo enemiqathango, njengoko sogonyo ukuba alususe ngokupheleleyo kuzo ebomini bethu. Ikholera, ngokuchaseneyo, esasebenza kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba. Kodwa bafumana iindlela ezisebenzayo unyango lwesi sifo. Omnye udinga ixesha kuphela ukucela uncedo.

Uqhambuko inkulu abhalwe kwimimandla ekwanti eAfrika, eAsia ne India. Isizathu - amanzi angcolile, ukungabikho nezithethe zococeko, ubuhlwempu kunye nosizi. Kuba abantu abaninzi kuloo mazwe, ibinzana elithi "esibhedlele" engaqhelekanga. Kwiimeko ezinjalo sorhudo isifo kwaye afumane uncedo olungxamisekileyo enokwenziwa ngokuzimeleyo (nangona akusoloko ngempumelelo).