Iiseli macrophage. Yintoni na kwaye abanazo imisebenzi

Eli nqaku lixoxa indlela yokwakhiwa kwe sifo, ngamanye iimpawu umzimba ukukhusela iiseli layo kwamagciwane (ezisegazini) okanye kwamagciwane (kwiintsholongwane). Okukwazi nga abunjwe ngeendlela ezimbini. Eyokuqala kuthiwa humoral lubonakala nesizukulwana iiproteni ezizodwa yokhuselo - gamma-globulin, kwaye eyesibini - yeseli, olusekelwe phezu ngxaki yokusetyenziswa phagocytosis. Oku kubangelwa uluhlu amalungu enxulumene yonyango kunye amajoni omzimba, iiseli ezizodwa: lymphocyte, monocytes, basophils, macrophage.

Iiseli, macrophage: yintoni na?

Macrophage kunye nezinye iiseli zokhuselo (monocytes) Into enkulu izakhiwo phagocytosis - inkqubo bamba kunye ukwetyisa kwezinto amazwe okanye kwamagciwane leyo ezisongela ubomi obuqhelekileyo kumzimba. Wachaza indlela yokhuselo uyaziwa kwaye zihlolwa komzimba Russian Mechnikov ngo-1883. Uye kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba okukwazi zeselula libhekisela phagocytosis - impendulo olukhuselayo elikhusela iiseli ukusuka genome le umonakalo arhente zasemzini, ngokuba buhlungu ezisegazini.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba siqonde imbambano: macrophage - iiseli ukuba oku? Khumbula cytogenesis yabo. Ezi seli zivela monocytes, baye awaziyekayo kwemithambo yegazi angene kungena kwithishyu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba diapedesis. Isiphumo layo ukuyilwa macrophage kwi parenchyma kwesibindi, umphunga, iindawo nkovu kunye udakada.

Umzekelo, macrophage alveolar aqhagamshelwa kuqala kunye kwamagciwane Urhintyelwe receptors ezithile parenchyma miphungeni. Ke ezi seli omzimba ukuzikisa nezicola awakwazi kunye magciwane, ngaloo ndlela ukukhusela amalungu nokuphefumla ezisuka kwii-arhente yayintsholongwane eyosulela nobumdaka, kwakunye ukutshabalalisa amasuntswana of ubuthi e imiphunga kunye inxalenye womoya ngexesha iphefumlelwe. Ukongeza, bekubonakalisiwe ukuba inqanaba lomsebenzi omzimba ka-macrophage alveolar iiseli igazi efanayo yokhuselo - monocytes.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi omzimba

iiseli Phagocytic abe isakhiwo ethile cytological, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umsebenzi macrophage. Zabo cell inwebu okwazi zokubumba pseudopodia ukukhonza ukuba ibambe kwaye inwenwa amasuntswana amazwe. Le kukho icytoplasm izele organelles wokudla - lysosomes ukuqinisekisa lysis ityhefu, iintsholongwane okanye neentsholongwane. Mitochondria sikhona, synthesizing le triphosphate molecule adenosine, nto leyo macrophage eziphambili kweziyobisi amandla. Kukho inkqubo tyhubhu tubular - le reticulum endoplasmic ukuya organelles protein-synthesizing - ribosomes. Kufuneka ubukho eziba omnye okanye ngaphezulu, ngokufuthi semilo engagunyaziswanga. macrophage Polynuclear ebizwa symplasts. Bona kwakheka ngenxa karyokinesis intracellular, ngaphandle eyahlula inkoliso kukho icytoplasm.

iintlobo macrophage

Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela oku kulandelayo, esebenzisa igama elithi "macrophage" ukuba lena ayiyo enye uhlobo izakhiwo omzimba kunye tsitosistema ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukwahlula iiseli fixed kunye ezamahala zokhuselo. Iqela lokuqala luquka macrophage alveolar, angabi nemingxuma ziiphagocytes parenchyma kunye nezibilini. Kwakhona safaka omzimba langoku kuhlanganiselo osteoblasts neendawo nkovu. Kweza- negazi-ngokwakha amalungu - isibindi, udakada kunye lomongo wethambo red - ziqulathe macrophage ezisisigxina.

Yintoni okukwazi cell-mediated

Iindidi angasentla ziiphagocytes makrofagicheskuyu ezidityanisiweyo inkqubo kakhulu kakuhle obonelela ngqo ukukwazi ukuxhathisa arhente ebangela isifo kwaye eziyityhefu, awatshabalalise ngokuthi kufakwe kunye ekugayeni. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo okukwazi lweselula inika asegazini yi-shirt kunye B-lymphocyte, nesifana ukuba baveze ezisegazini iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye nezinambuzane intracellular rickettsiae kunye chlamydiae.

igazi-ukwakha amalungu peripheral omzimba, tonsils thaca, udakada kunye nkovu iindawo, benza inkqubo esebenza eyodwa ukuba idibana kunye negazi, kunye immunogenez.

Indima macrophage ekubunjweni imemori omzimba

Emva ukunxibelelana iiseli iantigens ekwaziyo phagocytosis, le yokugqibela bayakwazi 'ukukhumbula' inkangeleko kwemichiza ye-pathogen kunye noxanduva nemveliso omzimba ngayo kwakhona ukungena kulo eliphilayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini memory ngumzimba: akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Zombini ezi ziziphumo umsebenzi lymphocyte ekuveliseni thymus, udakada, umonakalo kwi wamathumbu eludongeni kunye zamanzi. Ezi ziquka yezabelo kunye lymphocyte - iiseli kunye monocytes - macrophage.

A imemori HIV ngumzimba yi kakhulu isizathu sokuba ugonyo njengendlela zokuthintela izifo ezosulelayo. Ekubeni iiseli memory ngokukhawuleza ingqalelo awakwazi ukuba kwi sokugonya, ngokukhawuleza ukukhawulelana ukuyilwa ngokukhawuleza omzimba zokuzikhusela. Le mba we memory ezimbi omzimba kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa abohlukeneyo ukunciphisa izinga ligatya amalungu zilinywe kunye namalaphu.

Ukuzalana hematopoietic kunye nezifo iinkqubo

Zonke iiseli ababandakanyekayo umzimba sokukhuselwa kuyo ulele kunye izinto eziyityhefu efunyenwe wamathambo, nto leyo nayo organ hematopoietic. Thymus okanye thymus enxulumene kwinkqubo yonyango, umsebenzi ngesakhiwo kwesiseko nezifo. Xa umzimba womntu, kwaye ithambo ebomvu nomongo, thymus yaye, enyanisweni, amalungu aziintloko immunogenesis.

iiseli Phagocytic kutshabalalisa kwamagciwane zidla sikhatshwe ukudumba emzimbeni abosulelekileyo kunye namaziko. Zavelisa yinto ekhethekileyo - zegazi isebenze factor (PAF), nto leyo eyandisa permeability kwemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yoko, inani elikhulu macrophage ukusuka egazini ukufikelela indawo pathogen niwonakalise.

Emva kokufunda macrophage - enjani leseli ukuba amalungu ukuba ziveliswa kwaye yintoni imisebenzi yenziwa - sibonile ukuba, kunye nezinye iintlobo lymphocyte (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), ukuba iiseli eziphambili omzimba.