Iinkcukacha yemoto, iziqalelo umphandle nomphakathi. isixhobo emotweni

Automotive okhula ngokukhawuleza: ubugcisa obutsha, ukunyusa isantya kwaye ayinto oomatshini, kwanciphisa ububi babo kokusingqongileyo, ukunyusa umgangatho wokhuseleko, Bulelani bombane, umqhubi wabelwa imisebenzi ezimbalwa. Xa umgaqo kule isixhobo isithuthi kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Amaninzi bexhaphaza umatshini, musa nokuba ngokwenene uyazi ukuba yintoni loo nto yenziwa kwaye isebenza njani. Ewe, nantso imangalisayo enjalo. Namhlanje sijonga kwiinxalenye eziyintloko yemoto, hayi kanye mandithi, iincindi zalo eziphambili kunye neendibano.

Kukho ezintathu izikimu uyilo cars, nto leyo ke phawu lubalulekileyo drive. Nguye lo ngaphambili, ngasemva yaye iphelele. Vehicle Luquka ezi ndima zilandelayo:

1. Body.
2. Kwisisu semoto.
3. Motor.
4. Transmission.
5. Steering.
6. Le nkqubo magorha.
7. Electrical.

Ngamanye amaxesha iinxalenye isithuthi zihlelwa noko ngokwahlukileyo, umzekelo ngokuhlanganisa isisu semoto, transmission, ivili lokuqhuba kunye nenkqubo brake kwelinye iqela kweendlela, obizwa ngokuba "isisu semoto". Kodwa ke umongo uhlala okufanayo. Cinga ngalinye izinto zolwimi ngokunzulu.

umzimba

Umzimba - oku kuphela iqokobhe entle emotweni, kodwa inxalenye yayo inkxaso. Xa umzimba zoomatshini banamhlanje ayinakutshintshwa phantse zonke iinkcukacha. Kwezinye SUV kunye nezigadla kwisisu semoto wenza indima benqwanqwa okhethekileyo. Xa iimoto umkhweli kuyo sele kudala ishiywe ngenxa yokucingela zokunciphisa weight. Iinkcukacha umzimba imoto:

• spars (ngaphambili nangesemva);
• kophahla;
• injini gumbi;
• add-on amacandelo.

Eli candelo lunemiqathango kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba onke amalungu omzimba uxhulumeneyo. Iindonga icala zidla kudityaniswe enye nechibi emazantsi okanye noko welding. Badlala indima isekela zokumiswa. elements kwakuxhomekeke komzimba imoto zimelwe iingcango, kwebhonethi, nesivalo wesiqalo namaphiko. Kule yokukhulisa ngesini zikholisa welding kwisakhelo, kunye aphambili la asuswayo. Ngasemva uyakwazi ukufumana phezulu-isilungiseleli seglosi, matte okanye iinxalenye imoto chrome (nezibambo ezaphukileyo, swifanekiselo, izinto zokuhombisa, njalo njalo).

chassis

Chassis ibandakanya ngaphambili kunye nokumiswa nangasemva, drive asi namavili. Uninzi iimoto mihla exhotyiswe uhlobo phambi ukunqunyanyiswa elizimeleyo "McPherson". It ikuvumela ukuba wenze lihamba imoto tofotofo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. ukunqunyanyiswa Independent kuthetha ukuba yevili ngalinye encamathele emzimbeni ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokuphathelele oxhomekeke kuwe, oko sele uphelelwe. Noko ke, phezu iimoto ezininzi nangoku ibekwe ngasemva. ukumiswa oxhomekekileyo ukuze kwenziwe ngendlela umqadi engqongqo, okanye - kwimeko iimoto drive ivili langasemva - ngokohlobo a iasi drive.

motor

Injini - umthombo wamandla ngoomatshini. Yena, ke, idala torque isikhondo, leyo ihambisa ivili. Ngokwesiqhelo, le ngeemoto ibekwe phambi kwe emotweni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha usibeka umva. Ngaphaya koko itheyibhile ephindaphindayo (ICE), kukwakho Iimoto zombane kunye gqith.

Amandla ICE amachiza afunyenwe kwi inkqubo yokutsha iguqulelwa amandla. I-injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi piston,-injini kunye rotary-piston. Namhlanje wasebenzisa motor ikakhulu piston.

Oomashini, eziqhutywa yi-injini yombane, iimoto zombane kuthiwa. Kulo mzekelo, neebhetri ngokuba ukuvela amandla.

I-injini hybrid idibanisa injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye zombane. kwabo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa le generator. Olu hlobo lo ethembisayo, ekubeni, kwelinye icala, wenza okubi ngaphantsi kokusingqongileyo ngaphezu injini ukutshiswa lwangaphakathi, kwaye kwelinye - ayifuni kugesi rhoqo, njengoko i-injini yombane.

transmission

Siyaqhubeka surfactants ukufunda iinxalenye imoto ukuzigqithisa kwi ugqithiso. Eyona njongo yale element - ukudluliselwa torque ukusuka shaft motor ukuba amavili emotweni. Ukudluliswa siquka:

1. Bamba.
2. Gearbox (KPP).
3. Qhuba mphini.
4. SHRUS (rhoqo Velocity amalungu) okanye driveline.

Kokubonisa eyenzelwe loqhakamshelwano shaft motor kunye nesikhondo CAT kunye nokudluliselwa egudileyo torque therebetween. Transmission, ke, kunciphisa umthwalo motor ngokukhetha umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo. Kwimeko womphambili wheel drive asi imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwi izindlu gearbox. Ukuba imoto iye drive diff-wheel, ukuba ibekwe ngasemva kunye nezenzo ezithe vetshe njengoko umqadi ube mnye. amalungu CV kunye driveline ziyafuneka ukuze akhuphele torque ukuba amavili kunye CPT.

ingalawuleki

Indawo ivili ixhomekeke engile njengokujikeleza kweevili. Ngethuba lale nkqubo ingqinelana kwinkqubo steering. Ukuba kukho into engalunganga, imoto uba esingaphathekiyo, oko kunokukhokelela nemiphumo vuhlayiseki. A actuator steering yaye iquka nendlela. Xa ivili ebheka khona, ivili ezikhethekileyo umboniso imoto kwi-engile efanelekileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iintlobo ezintathu iindlela steering twa "umbungu-video", "ngeharika-kwicandelo" yaye "iqhosha lemenyu-nut". iinkxalabo ngezimoto Large ukusebenza ngamandla kwi indawo lweenkqubo esungulayo wempuku xa elektroniki. Endaweni actuators kunye nokudibana ziya ukulawula iyunithi, leyo esebenzisa motor yombane ukuzitshintsha kweevili.

inkqubo unyathela

Njengoko ubona, imoto ayikho iindawo engabalulekanga. Noko ke, abanye babo xa breakage kuzisa inkxamleko kuphela, kunye nabanye - ingabiza ubomi. Kubalulekile ukuba yokugqibela ziquka wayaphula. Bamele inkqubo kuqulethe uluhlu lwezixhobo kunye namacandelo, nanjongo zawo ngokuhlangeneyo ukuba isantya kwaye uyeke umatshini.

Enyanisweni, inkqubo brake yahlulwe ezimbini: inkonzo yokupaka. Njengoko ubona kulo itayitile, owokuqala kukunciphisa isantya kunye zokumisa machine. lokupaka igcina emotweni kwindawo yokupaka iimoto. components inkqubo wazaphula zimelwe izinto: Recordable, amagubu, iisilinda, iibhloko kunye ngemoto.

isabelo yengonyama yeemoto mihla exhotyiswe iziqhoboshi ukukhuhlana, umsebenzi wakhe isekelwe isicelo yomkhosi kunobunye. Umzekelo, detox umile tipakani nxamnye kweevili ihamba. Force usasazwa ugqithiselwa ukusuka ezinyovwayo ukuya kwamagqabi ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ngamanzi.

isixhobo sombane

Ezi ziquka iinkcukacha ezifana emotweni:

1. Ibhetri.
2. Generator.
3. Post.
4. abasebenzisi bombane.
5. Le nkqubo olawula enjinini.

Ibhetri kwindawo ewuhlaziyayo amandla ombane, nto leyo ikakhulu okhonza ngokuqalisa injini. Xa oku lenquba yenzelwa, isixhobo kuxhaswa yi-injini ngokusebenzisa wenkunkuma, oguqula amandla ngoomatshini zibe amandla ombane. Xa injini iyasebenza, ibhetri usinika zonke izixhobo ngokwakho.

Generator ixhasa i on-ibhodi womnatha DC ombane kwaye ibiza ibhetri ngelixa ngeemoto iyasebenza. Iingcingo zombane emelwe iseti iingcingo, leyo, ezifana neempahla igazi emzimbeni wethu, ziye zasasazwa kuwo imoto. Baye kuzimela phantsi iindawo yeplastiki emotweni.

inkqubo yolawulo ngeemoto sakhiwa iyunithi yolawulo kunye nobuninzi abenzi boluvo ezahlukeneyo. abathengi energy - ke izibane, izibane, izisuli kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Awona macandelo yangaphakathi kwesithuthi

Unobangela ivili le moto, indoda ihlela ezininzi nokucima, izalathisi, zokuxhathisa, amaqhosha kunye nezinye izinto. Makhe sihlolisise ulawulo umatshini lwangaphakathi eziziintloko abakhoyo phantse zonke iimodeli yeemoto.

dashboard

Apha ungabona ulwazi malunga nemeko iinkqubo eziphambili imoto yakho. Kuxhomekeka ixabiso umatshini kwidashboard, ukongeza kulwazi Velocity (sokubonisa isantya ebaleka ngaso bonke), ungabona: oko ngesantya imoto iyasebenza, apho izixhobo okwangoku esebenzayo, yintoni na iqondo lobushushu amanzi okupholisa njengoko itanki yamafutha amafutha kunye njalo njalo. Ukuba umfuziselo lowo nee-computer ekwinqwelo, ngoko kwiqela lenjongo isixhobo ingabonakaliswa njengezi zilandelayo: ukusetyenziswa nangoko amafutha, mileage imihla ngemihla, umgama phambi kokufaka, kunye nabanye.

esondweni lokuqondisa

Njengoko sele ukwazi, ukujikeleza ivili lokuqhuba iyajikeleza. Kodwa imoto bale mihla yonke imisebenzi lwesi sakhi. Ngoku ivili ekhwele ulawulo womsindo, ulawulo imozulu kunye nezinye izixhobo. Konke kuxhomekeke ekuyileni umenzi.

ehlangeni

Phantse zonke oomatshini abafana twatse aze enze umsebenzi vuliwe: izibane, iimpawu yena, "janitors" kunye washer izibuko. Amaxesha amaninzi phantsi kwe ivili lokuqhuba ikwafunyanwa emanzini gearshift. Apha, kwakhona, konke oko kuxhomekeke kumenzi le mbono.

ihamba

yonke nje apha. Ukuba imoto yakho ixabisa fAC, ngoko kukho ihamba ezintathu: bamba, waqhekeza kunye namafutha ( "igesi"). Kwimeko yokudlulisela oluzenzekelayo le enyovwayo clutch angekhoyo.

Iziko console

Lwaba ethetha, isithuba phakathi izihlalo eziphambili. Kukho sokunqika transmission (ngamanye amaxesha iqhoshana), kukho iqela ithemba layo, lo lever brake yokupaka ( "ihamile"), zonke iintlobo itshintshela abancedisayo, abanini, kunuka njalo njalo.

Iphaneli central

Apha uyakwazi ukufumana Amaqhina sokuyivula ngenkqubo / zokufudumeza (air-moya ngeemoto expensive). Enye elementi yolawulo engundoqo, apho zifumaneka kuzo zonke koomatshini into odiyo. Kukho kwakhona inkqubo multimedia, ukuba inyanda.

isiphelo

Namhlanje siye saxubusha isixhobo esisiseko emotweni kwaye kwakhona waqinisekisa ukuba imoto - yinto yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Noko ke, kule kwinqanaba emxinwa-nye bamazi kuye, kwanele ukuba nje Ukunyamezela kancinane. Kaloku, ukuba ukuhlola ngokucokisekileyo iinkcukacha ezingundoqo imoto uze ufunde ukuba alungise indlela kubo, kuthatha iminyaka.