Iindleko eziqikelelweyo yintoni?

Kwinqanaba ngalinye lomsebenzi wokwakha, iprojekthi yokutyalomali ibalwa. Idibanisa zonke izinto eziyimfuneko zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kunye nentlawulo yazo. Ezi zibalo ngokubanzi zinalo igama - iindleko eziqikelelweyo zokwakha.

Inkcazo

Iindleko eziqikelelweyo yintlawulo yemali efunekayo yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Iquka izindleko zokwakha inkxaso, ukuhlawula umsebenzi wesivumelwano, indleko yokuthenga izixhobo, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kunye nokufakwa. Ngokusekelwe kumaxwebhu okuqikelela, ukunika ingxelo kunye nokuvavanya kwemisebenzi yokwakha kunye nemibutho yokufakelwa yenziwa.

Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo liyisiseko sokubala ukubaluleka kwencwadi yezinto ezisebenzayo. Kubalwa ngesiseko se:

1. Amaphepha osebenzayo, imidwebo, uluhlu lwemisebenzi yokwakha, umyalelo wokwakha, inqaku elichazayo kwizinto eziphathekayo.
2. Imigangatho yangoku, ukuthengisa amanani kwezixhobo kunye ne-inventory.
3. Izigqibo zemizimba karhulumente kwizakhiwo ezifanelekileyo.

Iindlela zokubala

Ukumisela kweendleko eziqikelelwayo kwenziwa yinkxaso-mali, inkcazo okanye indlela yokwenza inkcazo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ulungelelaniso lwamanani alandelayo lwezibonelelo kunye nemigangatho yeendleko zabo zenziwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, indlela yokwenza inkcazo inikeza ukubalwa okuhlangeneyo. Izibonelelo zamanani eemarike ezikhoyo ziyamkeleka kwiirhafu eziqhelekileyo. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinto, i-index index cost cost is set. Ukuba akukho nanye, ii-coefficients ezivunyiwe ngamagumbi karhulumente zisetyenzisiweyo. Iingxelo zokubuyisela iindleko eziqikelelwayo zihlaziywa nganye kwikota. Indlela eyisiseko inikezela ukulungiswa kwezoqoqosho kumanqaku athathwe kwiindleko zezinto.

Ulwakhiwo

Iindleko ezilinganiselwayo zokwakha zenziwa kwiindleko ze:

• Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo;
• Ukufunyanwa nokufakela izixhobo;
• Ezinye iindleko.

Makhe siqwalasele ngalinye lezinto ngokubanzi. Imisebenzi yokwakha ibandakanya imisebenzi yokwakha jikelele (ilitye, umhlaba, iplasta) yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokufakwa kwezakhiwo. Oku kuquka ubunjineli bangaphakathi nangaphandle (ukunikezelwa kwamanzi, ukuphuphuma umoya, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, njl.).

Iqela lesibini liquka ukufakela izixhobo, ukudibanisa i-wiring technology, ukunikezelwa kwamandla. Iindleko eziqikelelweyo zokwakha kunye nokufakela imisebenzi ziquka iindleko zokuthenga nokuthutha izinto, ukuphawula kwamasebe enkonzo, kubalwa ngamanani aphantsi. Iqela lezinye iindleko ziquka indleko zoyilo, uqeqesho, ukugcinwa kweqela lekwakha, umbutho kunye nokuziphatha kwebhidi, njl njl.

Iintlobo zoqikelelo

Iindleko ezipheleleyo zemisebenzi zenziwa kwiingqikelelo zendawo, ukuhlawulwa kwezinto, imisebenzi ehlukeneyo, izibalo zesishwankathelo. Uqikelelo lwengingqi luyixwebhu eliphambili eliqulunqwe ngomsebenzi wesiza ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo ebekwe kwimidwebo. Oku kubandakanya iindleko ezihambelana ngqo, eziphezulu kunye nezicwangcisiweyo.

Ukubalwa kwezinto kusekelwe kwingingqi. Iqulethe izikhombisi ezifana nomvuzo wemali, indleko yokusebenza koomatshini, indleko zezakhiwo nezixhobo, iindleko zokuthutha, iindleko eziphezulu. Ukuba kuphela uhlobo lomsebenzi olwenziwa, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokuba uqikelelo oluninzi lweendleko.

Uqikelelo lwezinto zibandakanya iingxelo zesishwankathelo ekulungiseleleni isakhiwo sokwakha, abasebenzi, iziseko ezisisiseko, izakhiwo ezincedisayo, iinjongo zokugcina, izakhiwo zamandla; Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi, ukushisa kunye nogesi, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi; Ukubeka umhlaba kwintsimi; Ukulawulwa kobugcisa beziko; Eminye imisebenzi. Umgca ohlukileyo ubonisa inani leendleko ezingalindelekanga. Ukubalwa kweendleko eziqikelelweyo kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kuzo zonke izibalo ezingentla.

I zimpawu ze zimali

Utshintsho kwiindleko eziqikelelwayo lunokuba ngenxa yeendleko zombini ezingalindelekanga kunye noshintsho kwixabiso lemithombo. Ngoko ke, kwinqanaba lokuyilwa, ixabiso leemali-mali libala: O = Спр + Ссмр + Соб + Спр.

Kule fomyula, iCpp kukubalwa kwemisebenzi yoyilo kunye nophando, iSmr - intengo yokwakha kunye nokufakela imisebenzi, iPropati yokufakelwa kwezixhobo, iCpp - inani lezinye iindleko. Oku kubeka iindleko zokumisa isakhiwo.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimibutho yokwakha kubonisa ulingano lweSq. Isekelwe kwifom yexabiso eliqhelekileyo: Ссмр = Iindleko zemisebenzi + Inzuzo = Izinto eziphathekayo + Umvuzo + Ukuhla kohluma kwezixhobo + Inzuzo

Iintlobo zamaxabiso

Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lixabiso lexabiso elicwangcisiweyo. Kubalwa ngesiseko seenkcukacha, ngodidi okanye ngokuthengwa kwamaxabiso wabenzi. Amaxabiso emveliso akhiwa ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuthengiswa kwempahla ngexesha lokunikezelwa komthengi:

• Umthengisi wokugcina impahla;
• Isithuthi (FCS);
• Isikhululo sokuhamba;
• Isikhululo sokuya kwindawo (VSN);
• Indawo yokugcina indawo;
• Isakhiwo sokwakha.

Ngolunye lwezinto eziluhlu lubandakanya iindleko zolu hlobo lwangaphambili, kunye neyongezelelweyo yindleko. Ixabiso lentengo yomthengisi liquka iindleko zokuvelisa nokugcina izinto. I-FCS iqwalasela iindleko zokulayisha izinto kwi-lorry, i-BSS - ukuhanjiswa kwemoto, i-BHC - ukuhanjiswa kwezinto kwi-pier. Iintlobo ezimbini zokugqibela zamanani zithetha iindleko zokuthutha izinto ezibonakalayo kwindawo yokugcina isayithi okanye kwindawo yokwakha.

Ukubala kwexabiso

Ixabiso lijoliswe kwiyunithi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kubalwa ngolu hlobo: TScm = OP + T + SB + TM + TP + C. Lapha i-OP yintengo yexabiso lempahla, T iyindleko yokupakisha, i-SB yimizila yokuthengisa, i-TM yimisebenzi yamasiko, i-TR iyindleko zokuthumela, i-C - Iindleko zokugcina.

Ixabiso lentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nezikhonkwane zithathwa kwiiqoqo okanye uluhlu lweentengo zabenzi. Iimarike zokuthengisa zirekhodwa njengepesenteji yamanani. Iindleko zokuthumela zithathwa ngokuqwalasela ubunzima obukhulu. Iimiselo zendleko zokugcina izinto zilandelayo: izakhiwo zokwakha - 2%, izakhiwo zetsimbi - 0.75%, kwizixhobo - 1.2%.

Ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lokuthuthwa kweempahla linikezelwa ekuqokeleleni igama elifanayo. Iqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini: uololiwe, uhambo lwezothutho nolwandle. Ngamnye kubo, uqulethe iintlawulo zokulayisha nokuthulula impahla, kuxhomekeke kwipakethe kunye nendlela yokuthutha. Ukuhlaziywa kweendleko eziqikelelwayo kwiindleko zokuthutha (nge-1 ithoni) zenziwa ngokwe-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Inquma uhlobo lokuthengisa intengo yokuqokelela.
2. Cacisa uhlobo lothutho.
3. Ukuba le yindlela yokuthutha ngomzila weloliwe, ngoko ke uhlobo lokuthunyelwa lugqityiweyo, umrhumo, izinga lokulayishwa liboniswa.
4. Isamba esibalwayo sanda ngokuguqulwa kwezinto ezisuka kwisisindo somnxeba.
5. Ukuthuthwa kwendlela yezothutho, inqanaba lempahla kunye neerhafu ezongezelelweyo kubonisiwe.
6. Bala i-factor correction yokulayisha nokukhupha.
7. Iindleko zokuthutha zichongiwe.
8. Ixabiso lilonke leetoni eli-1 libalwe.

Izinto eziphathekayo zihlulwe zibe ngaphandle (isenti, isinyithi, iibhobho, iglasi, njl.) Kunye nezendawo (izitena, izakhiwo zetrktikhi eziqinisekisiwe, iimfucu, i-gravel, njl. Iindleko zokunikezelwa kweqela lokuqala lempahla liphezulu kuneyesibini.

Iindleko zabasebenzi

Iindleko eziqikelelweyo kubalwa nje ngeendleko zezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa nakwabasebenzi. Umvuzo unqunywe ngokusekelwe kwisikhokelo somrhumo werhafu. Kule ntlawulo kwiiklasi zithunyelwe. Izibonelelo zomsebenzi kwiimeko ezinzima neziyingozi zivela kwi-12% ukuya kwi-24%. I-algorithm yokubala iindleko zabasebenzi yile ndlela ilandelayo:

1. Indlela yoLuntu: Umvuzo = (Okwenziweyo w / w med.) / (Umyinge wenani leeyure zokusebenza).
2. Kwixabiso eliqikelelwayo: 3payplat = (C + M) ∙ I. Lapha, i-C ne-M - inani leendleko zento yokuhlawula abasebenzi kubasebenzi kunye nabaqhubi bemishini, kunye ne-index yezinga lemali.
3. Ukuhanjiswa kweendleko: Umvuzo = T * ((С1 * К * Кд * Кп + П) / Inani leeyure zomsebenzi). Kule ndlela, i-T iyinxaxheba yabasebenzi kulo msebenzi othile, i-C1 iyinqanaba lomrhumo lomsebenzi we-1st category, iK isingqinisiso sentlawulo, iKd iyona coefficient yesabelo, i-Kp iyona coefficient yesithili, i-Kp iyona coefficient yesigqeba, i-P yezinye iintlawulo ezenziwe ngexabiso Umvuzo.

Ngokulandelelana okunjalo, iindleko zabasebenzi zichongiwe.