Iimpawu, isifo kunye iimpawu umhlaza wamatyhalarha ebantwini. Ziintoni iimpawu umhlaza wamatyhalarha ebantwini nendlela ungawuchaza?

Amadoda amaninzi engama eliphakathi, baqhayise ngento yokuba ubomi bakhe bonke wayengazange watyelela ugqirha. Phakathi uNonzwakazi sex iimeko ezinjalo ngaphantsi kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba amalungu esini xa amabhinqa ezifuna ingqalelo, izifo ezifana neegcushuwa ebachaphazelayo kakhulu rhoqo. Emva kweminyaka eliqela yinkathazo-free umphefumlo womntu isekhona anzima kwi zoviwo efakwa, elithanda kuthelekiswa ne ekupheleni yolutsha. Ngaphezu koko, intsimi ngamandla zidla baqhoboshele kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba atyelele yincutshe. Noko ke, utyelelo kunyuswe idla iphela nesibakala sokuba abantu abafunyenwe izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezifuna unyango abanobuchule. Enye sifo umhlaza anobungozi wamatyhalarha. Amafoto yale ngezifo zifumaneka iincwadi reference zonyango ezikhethekileyo. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga nayo, yaye siya kufikelela kweli nqaku.

Inkcazelo sifo

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha - isifo esinqabileyo kakhulu. Iimbangi ezingundoqo esi sifo ngabantu abadala ziquka cryptorchidism, ukuphazamiseka kwinqanaba kwale nkqubo yonyango, imiphumo radiation, umonakalo ukuya kwisingxobo samatyhalarha.

Ngo-manani, iimpawu zomhlaza umhlaza wamatyhalarha olufunyanwa ngamadoda ayikho ngaphezu kwe-2% amatyala. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba esi sifo sizibonakalisa yi ubuvila. Phakathi abameli besini ngokomelela abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35, esi sifo ntonje unobangela wokufa yokuqala.

Xa yesithathu amatyala, ezi mpawu zaseprayimari olufunyanwa ngabafana. Ngowe-90% kubo, isizathu silele inguqu amabi yamathumba ebubonisayo - teratoma. Yena, ke, ivela ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka yophuhliso Esibelekweni.

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha: izinto

Namhlanje, oonobangela ngqo kolu hlobo ngezifo, njengezinye imihlaza, ayaziwa. Noko ke, iingcali kuvunyelwane ukuvumelana malunga miba ephambili ebangela uphuhliso izifo - cryptorchidism. Le imeko ethile apho ngethuba Palsy okanye kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbalwa yobomi ityhalarha akukuphazamisi kuhla aye kwisingxobo samatyhalarha. It nje uhlala kwi ebizwa ngokuba yi- emseleni inguinal , okanye nkqu esiswini. Eyona sivame ukuxilongwa kwi izigulane Oncology abaye abekiwe iqanda ngqo kwi kwisisu.

Ngubani na isengozini?

Ngokutsho kweengcali, nokuba umntwana umntwana lwenziwa utyando lokulungisa, umhlaza wamatyhalarha ebantwini njengoko abadala kusengenziwa unesifo. Phakathi izinto eziphambili siphu-, leyo kwandisa ingozi yokuba esi sifo, ochazwa ngokuba zilandelayo:

• nezici zamafa.
• Nenzalo.
• Klinefelter syndrome (a umonakalo sex chromosome kwinqanaba yemfuza).
• Wokungaphuhliswa zangasese.
• Inclusion ofUkubandakanywa siva izitho amatyhalarha ukuya kwinqanaba ngokwemvelo.
• inyathelo mechanical eqhubekayo.

iimpawu clinical

Eyona eziphambili Iimpawu umhlaza wamatyhalarha ebantwini kulandelayo:

• ngetywina encinane kummandla ochaphazelekayo;
• ukuqokelelana ulwelo kwi samatyhalarha;
• ubuhlungu rhoqo, bomzimba;
• ukwanda ubungakanani amaqanda njengesiqhelo.

Ekuqaleni sifo iimpawu zomhlaza le amasende ngabantu eseyiphantse ukungabikho kwaphela. Isigulane ke ufumana omnye wabo kophawu elincinane. Umzimba uqalisa ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza ngobukhulu, kukho ubuhlungu kunye neentlungu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ithumba kakhulu akufane ebangela intlungu. Oku kwenzeka kuphela xa ithumba zifake ngokupheleleyo intambo spermatic.

Xa isigaba esilandelayo yophuhliso ngezifo waphawula deformation wamatyhalarha kunye nokwandisa mninzi zabo. Ngenxa nokwanda rhoqo yenxenye fluid ezonakele ye samatyhalarha iqala ukunyusa ubukhulu. Ukuba iqanda ithe yawa, nethumba kube lula liphande ngqo kwi emjelweni inguinal. Kungenjalo, xa kwasendaweni yayo kwindawo esiswini of a neoplasm zikhula zibe ngomli-. Kukho iimeko xa wathabatha malunga nesiqingatha ibinomthwebeba.

Ezinye iimpawu Umhlaza wamatyhalarha ebantwini zinxulunyaniswa ukuyilwa metastases. Oku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukuphelelwa umoya, iintlungu eziqatha emqolo nasemiphakathweni, ubuhlungu kwi nokudumba umlenze. Yonke le miqondiso lonyango ngokulula kakhulu explainable.

Ngokomzekelo, emva iintlungu ezinxulumene kunye ucinezelo lomgadi iingcambu-luvo iindawo nkovu retroperitoneal, ezo anda ubukhulu. nokudumba Foot kuvela ngenxa ukungqubana metastases oluphantsi Vena cava. Iimpawu Umhlaza wamatyhalarha xa abantu kuquka iimpawu bade kidney ukusilela. Oku kungenxa ucinezelo le neoplasm ureter.

Ezinye iintlobo sifo zibandakanya utshintsho hormone. Xa izigulane abadala, ukuba kuvela namandla kunye nokwehla yobuntu. Amakhwenkwe elivisayo zabo inokuphuhlisa gynecomastia, hirsutism (ngokugqithiseleyo iinwele umzimba lugubungela), wezakhi ilizwi.

ngezigaba

yamathumba wamatyhalarha unokuba iintlobo ezimbini:

• cell lwegciwane (baphuma epithelium) - seminoma, teratoblastoma, horionepitelioma.
• Negerminogennye (asakhasayo izicwili ezinkulu) - leydigoma, nee-, sertolioma.

Lwegciwane cell ithumba lobeko (seminoma) yenzeka kakhulu rhoqo. Seminoma sifo e-50% amadoda enesifo somdlavuza. Le ukudumba kwakheka kwi udumbo ukwazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imila kakhulu ngokucothayo kwaye ezingahambi ukopha iingxaki. Seminoma Ukudlulela ikakhulu kuchaphazela imiphunga, iindawo nkovu kunye namathambo.

izigaba zomhlaza

Okwangoku yahlulwe zigaba eziliqela zesi sifo. Ngenxa kule iCandelo oogqirha kusenokwenzeka ukuba lokuhlela kakhulu ngokuchanileyo umhlaza wamatyhalarha ebantwini, yaye emva - unyango olufanelekileyo.

• Isigaba sokuqala. Neoplasm akhiwe ityhalarha akukuphazamisi ukuya kude kuyo, akukho Ukudlulela.
• Isigaba sesibini. yamathumba aphila abekiwe kwiindawo retroperitoneal.
• Izigaba yesithathu neyesine. Metastases ingangena zibe ngamalungu ezikude okanye iindawo nkovu.

Kunye nezinye yokuhlela eyaziwayo ngamazwe lwesifo - TNM, njengoko apho parameters ezingundoqo zomhlaza ezithile zibonakaliswe neleta (T - iimpawu ithumba ngokwawo, N - inkcazo kwiindawo karhulumente, M0 - ukungabi metastases, M1 - ubukho metastases ezikude).

ekuxilongweni

Kuba unyango ngempumelelo kwale sifo kubaluleke gqitha ukubona oko. Indlela yokubona umhlaza wamatyhalarha?

1. iimviwo yesigulana, kuquka Ngokucofa kwisingxobo samatyhalarha ngokwayo.
2. Iimvavanyo Laboratory (LDH, BHG, AFP). Ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba yoxinaniso yabo babizwa ngokuba ithumba abamakishi ugqirha ivavanye ukusebenza kwale unyango kwakunye uqikelelo ukwenzela esi sifo.
3. Funda isingxobo samatyhalarha yi transillumination. Le ndlela kukwaquka candling indawo enikuvayo umqadi ube mnye elimxinwa ukukhanya. Ugqirha ayivavanyi nokuba esikhanyayo ngokufanayo. Ukuba inwebu ye samatyhalarha ngenkankulu adlulisele ukukhanya kubonisa ubukho yobubi.
4. Ray ukuba ukubona ubukho metastases.
5. Ultrasound zoviwo samatyhalarha kunye amalungu zangasese.
6. CT Isifuba nesisu.
7. Bone amathambo scan.

Uxilongo lokugqibela wenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo inwebu biopsy wamatyhalarha. Uhlalutyo biopsy phantsi neemicroscope ivumela qondile uhlobo oluthile ithumba, kwaye ukuqikelela andise Velocity leengxaki.

Ngokuzimela ingqalelo esi sifo?

Kwindawo yokuqala kucetyiswa ukubona inkangeleko umhlaza wamatyhalarha ebantwini. Iifoto amalungu ochaphazelekayo ziyafumaneka kwi labobalawuli zizodwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho nayiphi na ukutenxa isigulane kufuneka bafune iingcebiso unyango ngoko nangoko.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba azinamatyhalarha esempilweni kufuneka lube ziyalingana, kodwa usoloko Axhome ngaphantsi kunomnye. Kungenjalo umntu ungafaki iinyawo zenu kunye.

Oogqirha bayacetyiswa ukuba ukuhlola nyanga zonke ngokwabo, yaye kwigumbi efudumeleyo. Eyona nto kukuba samatyhalarha abandayo wahlehla ngamandla ngokwaneleyo. Le ukhetho elifanelekileyo ingqalelo ukuba sihlolwe ngexesha imvula. Amasende kunjani kufuneka bufane iphekwe amaqanda abilayo nzima, kwaye abe nobukhulu nama-4 cm ubukhulu. Abasemagunyeni ayinakulimaza. Waziva ngexesha lokuhlolwa angacaciswa kushenxwe kulo mmiselo.

Yintoni umhlaza wamatyhalarha? Kungalo inxalenye ngasemva engentla umzimba kube lula uchonge umhlehlo ophezu kwayo - nentambo obhityileyo. Utyebe incamathele kuyo, oya kuthathwa njengomntu ithumba (idla ebubonisayo). Enoba kunjalo, xa sibona nayiphi na ukutenxa kumgaqo kufuneka ngoko nangoko udibane nogqirha. Yena uya kumisela uvavanyo ezongezelelweyo diagnostic, yaye ngoko, ukuba kuyimfuneko - unyango.

unyango

Kungenxa kule sifo unzima kwaye ugcina sokususwa ugxininiso ithumba, resection kuliyeza ezalathelwe nkovu kunye nefuthe systemic chemotherapeutic kuzo zonke iiseli Nedlac.

unyango kuhlinzwa kuyinto nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kummandla ochaphazelekayo kunye appendage. Ukuba ngexesha metastases ukusebenza kwisithuba peritoneum luqhutywa lymphadenectomy retroperitoneal.

Emva kotyando, isigulane sithunyelwa ichemotherapy. Oku kuthetha ulawulo efakwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ucwangciso olukhethekileyo ( "Iofosfamid", "Cisplatin", "Vinblastine") ochaphazela umzimba wonke. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba iiseli umhlaza sibe kwizinga eliphezulu pathways, ikakhulu ngoko nangoko wabatshabalalisa ngokwabo.

Kwezinye iimeko, kucetyiswa sesichengeni radiation ngakumbi. Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu nethumba, le ndlela yonyango ezisetyenziswa eqongeni ipreoperative.

Outlook

I ngaphambili isifo ngoxilongo, uthomalaliso ngempumelelo ngakumbi yaye iza kwandisa ngokubonakalayo amathuba okuba kwenzeka kwesi sifo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, unyango kwangoko ivumela izigulane ubomi iminyaka emihlanu okanye ngaphezulu (90%). Xa Ukudlulela kusinda kuyehla ukuya ku-72%.