Iimpawu iinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano lwangoku

Xa uqala kuqala, la magama zisenokubonakala kuyahambisana, kodwa anentsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Cipher iyindlela iguqulela ulwazi ukuze awukhusele kubasebenzisi nesanktsionnovanih. Science ukuba ufunda iindlela kunye neendlela weeNgcombolo ezintlantlu-ntathu ebizwa zokufihlakeleyoComment. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokwembali akhuselweyo zokufihlakeleyoComment ethile kuphela amagama zomkhosi: uhlaselo utshaba, ikhowudi, njl - zibonisa ngokuchanekileyo intsingiselo yala magama afanelekileyo. Noko ke, isigama emkhosini, ngokusekelwe elithi "ikhowudi" akananto yakwenza ufihlo yeengcingane, kuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje eyenziwe theory ikhowudi - intsimi yenzululwazi enkulu ukuba izifundo ze iphuhlise iindlela zokukhusela ingcaciso evela kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpazamo random kwi amajelo onxibelelwano. Ngoko ke, esithi "ikhowudi - yinto uhlobo ufihlo" kukuba sibizwe.

Usebenziso ngekhowudi kunye ufihlo zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo, kodwa ngasinye kwezi nkqubo bunenjongo yayo. ulwazi esephepheni yenziwa ukuze ukwenza ulwazi ngokungqinelana nemithetho ethile ngendlela efanelekileyo ukugqithisa ngaphezu ijelo ethile. Ilapho naluphi na inkqubo khowudi lo ubhalo zemathematika njengoko ushicilelo iiphatheni, ngokusekelwe apho umntu ukufumana naliphi na inani kwiikhowudi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iikhowudi zimela imitya zeros zokubini nabo (abanjalo ukurekhodwa Kungokwemvelo ukuba usebenzise xa edlulisa nokugcina ulwazi kunye computers).

encryption data - indlela iguqulela ulwazi ekukhuseleni AI ngokuchasene kusebenziso olungavumelekanga. Ngenxa yoko, yomyalezo ibhalwe ngokufihlisa ukuze lube Akukwazi, kwaye ikhowudi - ukuba ihlala icace nasemva ukutshintshwa ijelo lonxibelelwano, leyo kungachaphazeleka ingxolo. Coding ulwazi kufuneka ukunciphisa umlinganiswa itekisi kunye nenani eliqingqiweyo loonobumba (oko kukuthi, ukhowudo kufuneka iphakeme), baze babone kunye iimpazamo ezichanekileyo xa idluliselwa kunye nokugcinwa kolwazi (ikhowudi kufuneka ibe okulungisa).

Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukudlulisela ulwazi nqakraza kwikhonkco ethile, kangangokuba xa imveliso ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithembekileyo imfihlelo kufuneka zizidibanise zombini inqubo ukuguqulwa, ezizezi:

- umyalezo inkqubo nombolo (ngamanye amaxesha ngokwaneleyo ajikwa Ukudluliselwa inkqubo yokubini ubhalo, kodwa kukho abanye, umz, ekhatywayo nth ingcambu, fibonachieva njl);

- umyalezo & anini (kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iindlela ufihlo, ukususela ukusekwa iikhowudi ifikelela kumaxesha amandulo);

- umyalezo ofihliweyo Yamkelwe ukuba enkhowudwa ukuze imveliso umyalezo kuba ngokukodwa decoded;

- ukuguqula umyalezo kufuneka achonge neempazamo elichanekileyo kwenzeka ebudeni ukudlulisela umyalezo;

- khowudi lo myalezo ngokutsho ufihlo eyenziweyo (kuba loo umthumeli umamkeli kufuneka kuqala avume inkqubo encryption). Ngokuqhelekileyo, le nkqubo iquka indlela jikelele, kwaye "isitshixo". Le iqhosha luluhlu lwe data esicacisa ukuguquka ezizodwa nobuninzi wenguqu cipher;

- Efunyenwe transfer umyalezo ukusuka kwinkqubo inani ifunyenwe kwi original.

Ngenxa yoko, ukhuselo noluchanekileyo ukudluliselwa kolwazi zifuna eninzi umgudu. Kule mihla, ikhompyutha iteknoloji enamandla lula kakhulu kule nkqubo, kodwa akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukungafihli myalezo, ingakumbi xa lwesitshixo alwaziwa ngoncedo zobugcisa. Ngenxa imiqobo imijelo nkcukacha nembono, ngoko usebenzisa ubuchule ikhowudi kangangokuba lunokukhangela ulungise impazamo.

Ngoko ke, ngaphezu ijelo lonxibelelwano umyalezo zesini. Umyalezo efunyenweyo lukhangelwa ukubekwa yenani leeyunithi: ukuba inani lilingene iiyunithi ezenza kwinkolelo yokuba akukho zimpazamo, yaye xa zokucazulula ukwala umvo wokugqibela. Ukuba inani leeyunithi lingumnqakathi, umyalezo uthunyelwe kunye iimpazamo. Engxakini kule ndlela kukuba ikuvumela ukuba ukubona kuphela iimpazamo ngaphandle nasekubalungiseni, lo gama ikhowudi phindaphindo kuphela ibona kodwa ukulungisa iimpazamo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngasinye kwezi ndlela zilandelayo iikhowudi iye kuneengxaki zawo, Noko ke, le ndlela badlala yayibaluleke kakhulu ikhowudi theory kwaye sisiseko sokwakha i khowudi ugqibeleleyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, iikhowudi Hamming zisetyenziswa, Nagoya, Reed -Myullera, Hadamard, njl ..

Kakhulu imibhalo efihlakeleyo ukukhusela njani ulwazi kusebenziso olungavumelekanga kuthetha kukho iindlela ezininzi, owosindiswa ngawo wena bangahlela imibhalo efihlakeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ulwahlulohlulo esisiseko uthathwa:

a) ukusebenzisa imibhalo efihlakeleyo limited;

b) imibhalo efihlakeleyo ukusetyenziswa jikelele zikawonke-key;

c) iikhowudi-ukwabelana kunye iqhosha labucala.

Ngowe-1963, sezibalo American Klod Shennon kusetyenziswa indlela efanayo waba uphando cipher ngokwezibalo esivakalayo ukuba kuzo zonke efihlakeleyo classical amacandelo njengoko lifana ezi ndlela zilandelayo encryption njengoko iikhowudi kunye imibhalo efihlakeleyo ukuxuba kwelifu.

ISISHWANKATHELO cipher kwiintsali kukuba ukubuyisela umthombo komsebenzi apho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iteksti. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kunye kufakwe amanani anesiphelo lweziqalelo P, leyo yeyona nto lumbi. Ngenxa yoko, inani izitshixo kunokwenzeka uyalingana P.

Xa ziqala kusetyenziswa endaweni nguqu. Encryption olunjalo, nangona oko aluchaphazeli rhoqo oonobumba, kodwa ukufihla nezihlandlo bigrams, trigrams, njl .. Isiseko elisetyenziswa cipher ukuba ulwalamano phakathi isitshixo kwaye okubhaliweyo ufihlo ukwenza zintsonkothile kangangoko kunokwenzeka. ukusetyenziswa ngcono iiyunithi endaweni yeesimboli eziliqela-alfabhethi umyalezo, nangona oko kukhokelela ekubeni isitshixo iba ixesha elide.

Ukwakha cryptology lwangoku njenge isayensi isekelwe phezu zizo zonke izibakala kunye ingqiqo zemathematika, inzululwazi, ithiyori ulwazi , njl .. Kodwa ke, nangona ukuntsokotha, ngobuninzi theoretical component ngenkqubela cryptology lisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ezifana amakhadi zeplastiki, ie-mail, iinkqubo imali ebhankini, kunye nokuqaliswa iinkcukacha, iinkqubo yokuvota ngekhompyutha, njl ..