Igalelo lomntu ongenanto: ukufakwa kwemali kunye namaxabiso

Umbuzo womshuwalense wentlalo unobunye awukhathazeki, mhlawumbi, kuphela uvila. Emva koko, malunga nokuba buninzi kwaye kutheni sikhokhela uhulumeni ngaphandle kwemali yabo ethembekileyo, bonke abemi abazihlonelayo kufuneka bazi. Lo mbandela esiza kuwuqwalasela kwinqaku elingezantsi, ngokusekelwe kumanyathelo olawulo olwangoku kunye nolwasemthethweni.

Iyintoni i-ERU, kwaye luhlobo luni lwemisebenzi olubandakanya?

Igalelo elilodwa lentlalo yisohlwayo sezemali, esetyenziswe kwimeko yomthetho-mthetho kunye nolwabasebenzi. Njengomthetho, lo mthwalo wenziwa kuphela kwiintlawulo ezixhaswa ngabantu ngabanye, nangona kukho ezinye izinto, esiza kuthetha ngazo emva kancinane.

Ubudlelwane bezobudlelwane bezomthetho, ezihambelana nokuqokelelwa kwegalelo eluntwini, zibandakanya iinkonzo ezinikezelwa zizifundo, ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yemeko eyahlukileyo (engavunyelwe ngumthetho), ukuthotyelwa kwinqanaba lezinto eziphathekayo xa kuphunyezwa amacandelo athile amalungiselelo egunyaziso. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukunyuka kweembopheleleko phantsi kwe-ERU akusebenzi kubanini-mveliso ngabanye abenza imisebenzi efanayo.

Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho okungafani kuleluhlu. Igalelo elilodwa lentlalo alinakuchaphazeleka ngeendleko ezibuyiselwe kumntu ekusebenzeni komsebenzi othile kwimeko apho ezi zinto zenzeke ngokwabo.

Ngubani omele akhokhe ii-ERU

Igalelo elilodwa lentlalo e-Ukraine, iRashiya Federation kunye namanye amazwe aneempawu kunye neempawu ezifanayo, nangonahluko phakathi kokunikezelwa kwezikhundla eziphambili kwizinto eziphambili zomthetho nezenzo zomthetho. Ngokomthetho okhoyo weRussian Federation, ii-ERU zikarhulumente zikarhulumente:

• Nawuphi na umntu, oosomashishini ngabanye, kunye nemibutho yezorhwebo eyenza iintlawulo ezahlukeneyo kwi-PL;
• Amagqwetha kunye nee-notary, ukuqhuba imisebenzi yabo ngokuhambelana nemimiselo kaRhulumente esebenzayo.

Kwakhona kufanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwiqela elikhethekileyo lenkxaso yentlalo ehlangeneyo, ebizwa ngokuba ngumhlalaphantsi. Abathengi babo kwisigxina-mali-mali bonke abafana neengcali kunye namagqwetha, oosomashishini ngabanye kunye nalawo mabhizinisi amashishini anesizathu esithile enza imali ihanjiswe kwi-PL.

Kuvela phi irhafu yentlalo ehlangeneyo?

Inkqubo yokubala i-ERU kwizinto ezimbi zilula. Isiseko serhafu kweli lixa lilonke inani lemali elihlawulwe ngokuthanda abantu.

Ngelo xesha, umrhumo omnye wentlalo ubalwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-PL okanye iinkonzo zeP PL zihlawulwa kangakanani. Uluhlu olulodwa kuphela uluhlu lwezinto ezichazwe kwi-Art. 236 yekhowudi yeRhafu yeNje yeRussia Federation.

Ngexesha elifanayo, kunyanzeliswa ngokusemthethweni ukuhlawulisa kanye ngenyanga nganye kwisifundo ngasinye ngokusebenzisa inani elipheleleyo. Ukuba ngumbuzo wobudlelwane baseburhulumenteni nomthetho kunye nomntu, imali yokuqokelela enye intlalo yoluntu ifaka iirhafu ezifihliweyo (ngokuphindaphindiweyo irhafu yentlawulo kunye ne-VAT). Ukuba iimali ezixhasayo kwi-PL zinobubele, ngoko isiseko sokurhafisa ixabiso leempahla ezibhekiselweyo kumyinge wexabiso lentengo ngosuku olulingana nomhla wokuhlawula.

Ngaphandle kwemithetho

Ngexesha elifanayo, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, inxaxheba eyodwa yentlalo ayihlawulwanga ngenani leentlawulo. Ezi ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenzuzo, uludwe lwezinto ezilawulwa ngumthetho okhoyo weRashiya Federation (phakathi kwabo abadala kunye nobudala bokukhubazeka, uncedo lokukhulelwa nokubeletha, oomama abangatshatanga, iintsapho ezinkulu, njl.).
2. Ukuhlawulelwa kwembuyekezo yomonakalo owenziwe ngokwasemzimbeni (iintlawulo eziphathekayo zokulahleka kwamandla okusebenza, ukubonelelwa kwezindlu, iimveliso zokutya, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo).
3. Uncedo lwezinto eziphathekayo ukusuka kwishishini kwintsapho yomqeshwa oshonile, iintlawulo kumaxhoba enkxamiseko kunye neentlekele zemvelo.
4. Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ngokukhethekileyo kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
5. Iintlawulo zengqesho, ezilawulwa zizivumelwano zendalo yomthetho.
6. Naliphina intlawulo yemali ephathelele ekusebenzeni kwemimiselo yeenkontileka zombini yomshuwalense wokuzithandela kunye nokunyanzeliswa (impahla kunye neyakho).

Ixesha lokuphendula kunye nokuhlawula

Igalelo elilodwa kwi-inshurensi yoluntu lilawulwa ngumthetho wangoku, okuyiKhowudi yeRhafu yeRussia Federation. Ngokukodwa, ixesha lokubala nokuhlawula ii-ERU kuxoxwa ngazo ngobugcisa. Ama-240 alo mthethweni osemthethweni. Njengengxelo yerhafu yale mbopheleleko yezimali, omnye unyaka wekhalenda uthathwa njengengqwalasela, kwaye ukubika kumaziko karhulumente ngokomyalelo wokubala kwawo ngekota. Ubungakanani begalelo loluntu lunye lunokutshintsha kuphela kwixesha elitsha.

Ngaphandle kwexesha elimiselweyo leentsuku ezingama-365 (366), umgaqo-nkqubo awukhombisi ukuhlawulwa kwangaphambili kwi-ERU ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu. Nangona oku akuyimfuneko, konke kuxhomekeke kwisixa soxanduva lwerhafu olongezelelweyo.

Kwimeko apho iqumrhu lezoshishino lenze ukubhaliswa kwalo kungakapheli unyaka, ngoko ixesha lokunika ingxelo eliya kuthi lingaba liinyanga ezili-12, kodwa ngokukhawuleza njengoko lihlala ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inkampani yasungulwa ngoDisemba, ngoko kuye loo mhla uya kuba ngowokuphela konyaka ozayo.

Inkxaso ye Pension

Njengoko sele sele khankanywe ngasentla, inxaxheba eyodwa yentlalo njengeziko lezemali limelelwe liqela elikhethekileyo - irhafu yempesheni. Oku akuthethi ukuba ezi zibophelelo zihlawulwa kuphela kwi-PF, akukho. Amashishini amashishini kulo mzekelo, njengakwamanye amaxesha, enze ubudlelwane bezomthetho kunye nolawulo lwezemali, kwaye okokugqibela sele kunikezela yonke idatha efunekayo kwi-Pension Fund, elawulwa yinkqubo echazwe kwiKhowudi yeRhafu.

Ngexesha elifanayo, i-PF inika ingxelo kwimibutho yezemali eyahlukeneyo njengolwazi oluzimeleyo ngemali yabantu, equlethwe kwii-akhawunti ezizimeleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, indlela yokulawula kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwemibutho egunyazisiweyo iphunyezwe ngenjongo yokunciphisa ipesenteji yeendawo zokuhlala ezikhuselekileyo ekuhlawuleni iimbopheleleko.

Iimpawu zokubala kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nemibutho esemthethweni

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, inxaxheba eyodwa yentlalo njengembopheleleko yezemali inxulumene kuphela nalawo maqumrhu ebhizinisi awenza ukuhlala kunye nabantu. Kodwa kuthiwani, kule meko, kufuneka ukuba oomashishini abenze ntoni, abafuna ukunyamekela ikamva labo? Emva kwakho konke, irhafu yentlalo (inxaxheba) - isiqinisekiso sombuso sokuhlala ubuncinane ubuncinane kwimali ekuguga okanye ngenxa yokulahleka okungalindelekanga kokusebenza.

Ngenxa yale njongo, i-244 ekhethekileyo ye-RF yeNkcazo yentlawulo yenzeke. Iqulethe isethi yeengcebiso kumashishini ngabanye. Isenzo sokulawula sichaza ukuba kule meko, xa ubhalisa iqumrhu loshishino, umnini phakathi kweentsuku ezintlanu kufuneka afake idatha kunye namagunya aseburhulumenteni kwiholo elindelekileyo, eliza kubakho isiseko seerhafu ze-ERU. Emva koko, ngexesha elimiselweyo ngokusemthethweni, kwenziwa intlawulo engaphambili, ekupheleni kwexesha lokunika ingxelo liya kuhlaziywa ngamagunya aseburhulumenteni.

Intela yentlalo ehlangeneyo (iminikelo yomshuwalense) ukusuka kwiingozi

Olunye udidi lwe-ERU, olufuneka lunikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, kuba luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye luyinkimbinkimbi ekubaleni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba isiseko salo mthwalo wezemali zonke iintlawulo kubasebenzi beli shishini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubude benkonzo kunye nenkqubo yengqesho. Ngamanye amazwi, umvuzo wabanikeli bee-freelancers nawo kufuneka ube phantsi kwe-ERU kwizingozi.

Kodwa ngelo xesha, iingcali zithi umba wokubala ngokuqinisekileyo le mbopheleleko yezemali kukuphikisana. Ekubeni imiselwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba isiseko siyiyo yonke ingeniso kwanoma yimuphi umntu oqeshwe (nokuba ngaba ngumsebenzi ozimeleyo). Kwaye oko kuthetha ukuba nayiphi na indlela yokukhuthaza, umvuzo wendalo ngokwempahla yempahla nayo ingaba sisizathu sokuhlawula xa kwenzeka esi siganeko esiqinisekisiwe? Kodwa umbuzo uhlala uhlalutyo.

Ukuhlawulwa kwentlawulo yentlalo

Amanani omrhumo omnye woluntu alawulwa nguMthetho we-Federal, oko kukuthi, i-ZRF No. 125. Umba wokuhlawulela kwindlela osebenza ngayo unzima kwaye unzima, njengoko ezinye iindidi zengqesho zineengozi yokwanda kwezingozi, umzekelo. Kwakhona, indima ebalulekileyo ekusekeni ii-coefficients zezimali idlalwa ngumnini womsebenzi othile kwicandelo loqoqosho oluthile.

Ngokumalunga nabarhafi berhafu ngokwabo, ngokwemigaqo eyenziwe ngokusemthethweni, banyanzelekile qho ngonyaka kwikota yokuqala ukuthunyelwa kumagunya ezolawulo isatifikethi esinolwazi ngohlobo oluphambili lomsebenzi webhizinisi. Oku kuya kunceda ukuphepha ukungaqondani okungakumbi kunye nokuhlawulwa kweemfanelo zomsebenzi wohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kwaye kuya kunika neengcebiso kwiingcali ezifanelekileyo ekuhlawuleni ii-ERU kwimirholo yabasebenzi abathile.