Ifoto kunye nenkcazo ye "Dorifor" Polikleta

Xa ukhangela "i-Dorifor" yePoliklet, umntu ohlala kwikhulu leminyaka kwaye akafumanekanga kwimicimbi yobugcisa akayi kuqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba kutheni ukuba lo mfanekiso uthathwa njengexabiso. Nangona kunjalo, abantu bexesha elidala beGrike bangakwazi ukukhawuleza ukucacisa ukungafani kwesimo esivela kwiminye imisebenzi yelo xesha. Umzobo "uDorifor" uPolikleta wayeveleleke kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo zomzimba, kwakungomnye wabasebenzi bokuqala baseGreece, umlingiswa obonakala uphila, ulungele ukuhamba ngesantya somntu. Emuva kulezo zihlandlo ezikude, umfanekiso wawuthatyathwa njengomgangatho wobugcisa beklasi, umzekelo wemilinganiselo eqinisekisiwe yemathematika eyakuphefumla ubomi ngobhedu.

Poliklet Umdala

Umqambi odale umfanekiso, oza kuxutyushwa kwinqaku, wayehlala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-5 BC (mhlawumbi i-480-420 BC). Indawo yokuzalwa yasePolycleth iyaziwa. Ngokwababhali bamandulo bamaGrisi, kungenzeka ukuba yiArgos okanye iSion, izixeko ezazingamacandelo ezobugcisa beli xesha. Ikhono lakhe lePolyclett lafumana phantsi komdwebi we-Agelar. Kwaye kunye naye, wafunda kunye nomnye umculi waseGrike owaziwayo waseMyron.

Ubudalwa bePolyclett buhluke ukukhangela okungafunekiyo. Ukudala imifanekiso, wazama ukufezekisa ukugqibelela ekutshintsheni kwithuba, ukubonakalisa ubuso. Abalinganiswa bakhe basuke banamathele, bahlala bezolile kwaye balumkile. I-Harmony yayingqali nje kuphela kumfanekiso, kodwa nakumxholo wangaphakathi womfanekiso.

Amaqhawe abathandayo

Ngaphambi nangemva kokudalwa kwe "Dorifor" i-Polyclett yayinomdla kumfanekiso wabadlali. Kwaye akumangalisi: ngubani na, ukuba angabanqobile olimpiki bamaOlimpiki, angabonisa ubuhle bomzimba wesilisa ophuhlisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha amaninzi iPolyclett ibonakalisa abagijimi kungekhona kwinkqubo yokhuphiswano, kodwa emva koyiso. Ngaloo mzuzu, ukukhushulwa okwedlulele kwashiya umzimba, kodwa kwakungenayo imiqondiso yokukhathala. Umzimba waba lukhululekile kwaye waqokelelwa ngexesha elifanayo-ukufana okufanayo nomfanekiso wamandulo waseGrisi owawuthandayo kwaye wayesazi indlela yokuziva ngayo.

Imifanekiso

Akukho zifanekiselo zokuqala zombhali. Imisebenzi emininzi yayihlala nje ngeendlela ezichazwe ngabantu, abanye babo beza kubonga kwiikopi zamaRoma. Ngaloo ndlela, uthando lwabadwebi bombuso oyingcwele ukuphindaphinda kwemisebenzi yamandulo yesiGrike yavumela oogqirha bezobugcisa bexesha lethu ukuba babone omnye wemisebenzi yokuqala yePolisi. Inkosi yathatha umqhubi weMidlalo yeOlimpiki ngeli xesha apho wayifaka intloko yakhe. Kodwa siyazi kuphela ngezifanekiso zePifocles kunye no-Ariston, kunye noHercules noHermes, ngenxa yemithombo ebhaliweyo.

Emva kancinci, ukudala le mi sebenzi iPoliklet, - "iDorifor" yayisilungele ngelo xesha, - yafudukela e-Athene. Lapha udala "i-Amazon eyingozi". Lo mfanekiso usifinyelele kwifomu yekopi yamaRoma. Ngesitayela, ayifani ngokungafaniyo neDolfor yasePollifle. Ukusekwa kwe-hul, umzobo wesigxina esisisigxina se-muscular, amandla angaphakathi-konke oku kuletha izifanekiso ezidibeneyo.

Ekupheleni kobomi

E-Athene, i-Polyclett nayo yayifakela umfanekiso wesithombe. Ngelo xesha, lolu hlobo lobugcisa aluhanjisiwe. UPoliklet, ukugweba ngeengxelo kunye nokuhlaziywa okuye kwafika kuthi, wayeyazi kakuhle ishishini lakhe. Imithombo igcinwe ulwazi, ngokubhekiselele kuyo inkosi eyisebenzisayo kwimifanekiso ka-Artemann, unjineli ngokwakhe uPericles.

Izifanekiso zeminyaka embalwa edlulileyo zibonise uphando olutsha lomlobi. Enye yezinto ezinjalo ziyi "Diadumen" (malunga ne-430 BC). Lo mfanekiso ubonisa umnqoli we-Olimpiki, ngomqondiso omhle wabophela idibhoni phezu kwentloko. Ngomfanekiso wakhe nokubonakalisa ubuso bakhe, kukho uxolo olungakumbi lwengqondo kunemisebenzi yangaphambili yekosi.

"I-Dorifor's Poliflet": inkcazo

Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi ogqithisileyo ngumdwebi "nguDorifor". Umzobo ubonisa umkhonto ophumelele ukuncintisana. I-original, engazange ifinyelele kuthi, ibuyela kwi-460-450. BC. E. Namhlanje sinokugweba umsebenzi wanamhlanje ngenxa yamaphepha amaninzi agcinwe.

Ukunyakaza okungaqhelekanga kunye nokusekwa komzimba - yiloo nto ibonisa umfanekiso owenziwe yiPolyclett. U-Dorifor umkhonto uncike emlenzeni omnye, okwesibini uxhasa kuphela umfanekiso - uzimisele ukwenza isinyathelo. Isandla sokunene salo mfana siyancipha, ngakwesobunxele uphethe umkhonto. Kulula ukubona ukuba inxalenye yomzimba iphumle, kanti enye ininzi. Olu nxube lubonakala luyinto engokwemvelo ukuba umkhonto ubonakala ephila. Le mifanekiso ihluke kakhulu kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo, uphawu lwexesha elidlulileyo lobugcisa.

Canon

Kwintliziyo yokwakhiwa komzimba kaDorifor Polyclon yayibala ngokubhaliweyo kwemathematika kunye nezikhundla zePythagoreanism. Umzimba wesilisa oboniswe yinkosi wawukopishwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabalandeli bakhe kwaye wabizwa ngokuba yi "canon yePolyclute." Kwakhona kubhekiswa njengophawu lomdwebi, owabeka isiseko semfundiso kaPythagoras kunye nokubala kweemathematika. Umsebenzi womdwebi awufumananga, namhlanje izazinzulu ziyakwazi ukumgweba kuphela ngokweengxelo zabemi bemihla ngemihla.

Isiseko sokwakheka sisigqeba esingagqibekanga sentshukumo yomzimba. Ngakwesokudla, ingalo ephantsi kunye nomlenze oxhasayo unxibile, kodwa ngexesha. Ngasekhohlo, iinxalenye ezihambelana nomzimba zikhululekile, kodwa ziyahamba. Ngoncedo lwenkcenkceshelo yePolisi yakwazi ukubonisa ukuzinza kwangaphakathi kweqhawe kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwangaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umvavanyo.

Icandelo leMigca

Xa umfanekiso "Dorifor" wadalwa, uPoliklet wasebenzisa enye imigaqo yePythagoreanism. Zonke iimeko zomzimba zakhiwa ngokwemigaqo yecandelo legolide. Ngamafutshane, inokuthi ifakwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ubude bezinto zonke okanye umzimba ngokubhekiselele kwinxalenye enkulu, njengokuba okokugqibela kuncinane. Ukuphakama komfanekiso kubhekisela kumgama ukusuka kwi-footestal ukuya kumkhonto wenkohlakalo, njengoko okugqibela kukude ukusuka kwintonga ukuya phezulu kwentloko.

Zonke iifayile zesakhiwo zixhomekeke kwizibalo ezithile. Ulwalamano olulungileyo lweengxenye zomzimba ezikuvumela ukuba wenze iqhawe elinobukroti, kunokuba ube ngumntu onobukhulu okanye obuthathaka, kwaye uzame ukuphinda aphindaphinda abafundi abaninzi benkosi, ukukopisha "iDorifor". Nazi ezinye zala manani:

• Umgama ukusuka kwisithsaba ukuya kwi-chin isithuba samaxesha angaphantsi kwama-7 ngaphantsi kobude bomkhonto;

• Ukusuka kwamehlo ukuya kwi-chin-16;

• Ubukhulu buso - kwi-10.

Ulawulo lwecandelo legolide kunye nolwalamano olulinganayo lwePolicletlet lubonwe kuyo yonke imisebenzi. Ukukhanyela yinkosi kuphela xa beqala ukuphikisana nemimiselo yemvelo yomzimba womntu kwisakhiwo esithile.

Ulwaphulo

UPoliklet wayengomnye wabokuqala ukusebenzisa indlela yokumelana neprojeti, eyaba yiklasi. Iyazibonakalisa nje emxhatshazweni wesandla kwizandla nangeenyawo. Ukufunyanwa kukuvumela ukuba wenze i-posture yendalo engaphezulu, ukudlulisela inyathelo elifakwe kuyo. Izitembu ezenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kwe-counterpoint, zihluke ngokuthe tye kwizithombe zase-static zangaphambili. Bachaza abantu abaphilayo, kodwa kungekhona iikopi ezinqabileyo.

Ukusebenza kwimifanekiso, uPoliklet ubukele abantu. Wayeqaphela ukuba ukuhamba rhoqo inxalenye yomzimba kubangela utshintsho kwindawo kwaye enye. Wayengeyena owokuqala ukubona lo mbandela, kodwa wayeyena mhle kunikezela. Njengabanye bamandulo bakhe, waqonda ukuba ukuhambisa intshukumo kuyimfuneko ukuqhubela phambili umlenze wesokunxele kunye nengalo ekunene okanye umlenze wokunene nengalo ekhohlo. Esi sikhundla esiphambanweni seengxenye zomzimba, okubangela umgaqo we-counterpoint.

Ngelishwa, asizange sithole imvelaphi yesifanekiso esenziwe nguPolyclet. "I-Dorifor", iifoto zibonisa kakuhle, kwaye kwiikopi ezishiya ziququzelele i-canon yomfanekiso womzimba wesilisa ohloniphekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba i-original, elahleka kwiinkulungwane, yayibheke ngakumbi. Kodwa ke, "iDorifor" kuze kube lusuku luhlala luyimodeli yokuxelisa ubugcisa. Ubungakanani bomzimba kunye nomgaqo wegolide owenziwe ukuwudala ukhangelwa njengento efanelekileyo namhlanje. Ngamhla, umfanekiso we "Dorifor" ungathathwa njengoluhlobo lwezinto ezifundiswayo, kungekhona kuphela kubabukisi, kodwa nakwabaculi kunye nabanye abaphathi.