IDementia: Mingaphi iminyaka ubomi? Komqondo abadala: imiqondiso, ibakala uphuhliso kunye iintlobo zezifo

Ebudaleni ikwandim, abantu abaninzi baye yokuphazamiseka yokucinga, inkumbulo, ubukrelekrele nokuthetha, wamqumbisa utshintsho kutshintshiselwano ngemolekyula phakathi iiseli kwi neuron okubangelwa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye okukhona laba tshintsho, esindayo iqukuqela esixhalabisayo ngokuba komqondo amayeza. Le ndoda endala ngexesha elifanayo uphelelwa kuphela ekhoyo ulwazi, amava, ukukwazi ukufunda, kodwa ubuntu bayo.

Malunga ke, ngenxa yokuba kukho sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ukuba iminyaka emininzi abaphila nesi sifo, kwaye jonga yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwesi sifo, siza kuxubusha kamva kweli nqaku.

ngezigaba dementia

Ephawula ukuba umntu omdala abahlala apho, imikhwa utshintsho, umlinganiswa, kunye nokukwazi ukunxibelelana, izalamane ziqala ukuba ungakhathazeki, esoyika zihambe okubi - lilonke sengqondo esiyingozi, leyo ngokuqhelekileyo ujika ube intwasahlobo ukufa close omthandayo omnye. Yinyaniso le? Indlela uzila ekugugeni ingqondo?

Ukuze uqonde oku, kubalulekile ukuqonda oko uhlobo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ukuba nazo. Xa amayeza, kukho uhlobo ezahlukeneyo le ngezifo. Yaye ekubeni sisifo ezimeleyo, ngoko, kuxhomekeke ngxaki elibangele, ukwabelana ndidi zilandelayo dementia:

• uhlobo Atrophic esi sifo (kubangelwa isifo i-Alzheimer okanye Pick leyo), apho kwenzeka phezu imvelaphi abasabela sisiba mandundu lokuqala kwiiseli ze CNS.
• Semithambo, okubangelwa yegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ziphakama ngokunxulumene kwegazi igazi ebuchotsheni.
• uhlobo Ukuxuba - uphuhliso le ngezifo na iindlela ezifanayo kunye nenkangeleko atrophic, kunye imithambo.

Kubanga yingqondo

Ezi ngxaki bangaqala senzo iyingozi ngenxa yenkqubo yendalo ekugugeni kumzimba, yaye ngenxa izifo zangaphakathi, izifo lengqula, ezimbi luvo kunye nemithambo (ezifana ischemia, lwegazi, yegazi, kunye nabanye.).

Ukunxila okanye butywala okanye iziyobisi nako tyhala umzimba neenguqu zophendlo lwezifo. Intshukumo etshabalalisayo linikezela ubuthi ezingapheliyo iikhemikali enetyhefu ihlala kwimveliso.

Izitrowuku, nangezilonda, ukonzakala entloko abakwaziyo ukuba ndimaphule unxulumano uvaleke eziya kukhokelela ekugqibeleni sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Noko ke, kwakukho amatyala apho oonobangela esixhalabisayo ayikho ngenxa wokwaluphala yendalo okanye izifo ezidwelisiweyo, kwaye imithi ulwamkelo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, le nkqubo ingathityazwa, ukuba anciphise inani okanye rhoxisa loo iziyobisi.

IDementia ngenxa isifo i-Alzheimer

Amaninzi, oonobangela zophuhliso sengqondo esiyingozi saka, obufihlwe umonakalo kweziphilayo ezo zobuchopho, leyo bajongene zokucinga memory womntu. Kwaye yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi dementia i-Alzheimer, oko kukuthi, sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ezibangelwe iinkqubo sisiba mandundu xa luvo kunye zobuchopho yentshabalalo.

Ngeli sifo kwi iiseli zemithambo-luvo isigulane amyloid ingqondo Ukwakheka (protein) umonakalo kunye tangles neurofibrillary, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ekugqibeleni ukufa ezi seli. kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga ngenxa yezi nkqubo ziya yoma, yaye ekugqibeleni wasithimba umonakalo yonke ingqondo, yaye le nkqubo, ngelishwa, vuhlayiseki.

Njani dementia i-Alzheimer

Zonke izigaba komqondo isifo i-Alzheimer lubonakala ikakhulu ukwanda memory ukuphazamiseka elifutshane elide kunye nokupasa - kwaye ukuvala isangqa umdla, ubuchule ukungabikho, inattention, passivity, ozeka kade ukucinga motor iimpendulo, ukuba nochuku.

Kamva, izigulane kubonisa ukuswela ukuqonda iziganeko ngeenxa zonke kubo, babe liphindwe ixesha elide Wathi, ngokungafanelekanga aphathe abanye, hayi ingqiqo - kuye. Kwaye phezu kwexesha, bazenzele izimvo usoyika kwaye nemibono.

komqondo Iyonke kulo mzekelo lukhatshwa ngqongqo kwezihlunu kunye nolawulo kakuhle phezu ukuchama namathumbu zibiyelwe. Kungahle sokuwa.

Bangaphi aphila sengqondo esixhalabisayo yale hlobo kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, yaye kwi-avareji ngayo imalunga-6 ubudala, kodwa inkqubo unokuthatha zonke 20 akubulali, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela intercurrent (random) isifo evela kwi sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

isifo i-Alzheimer, Ngokwezibalo, ekubeni kubekho komqondo-70% lamatyala. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, ukuba push to ekuqaleni dementia kuphela le ngezifo.

Nemithambo dementia: izizathu iimpawu

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi iziganeko cerebrovascular asakhasayo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo. abantu abadala babe oko, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, kungabangela yegazi, lwegazi, ischemia iimpahla zobuchopho, arrhythmia, iziphene intliziyo, isifo yentliziyo nokufakelwa okanye isiqulatho eliphezulu lipid egazini. Ngendlela, ukuba ukuthambekela besilisa ukuba uhlobo nemithambo sengqondo esiyingozi kunye namaxesha nesiqingatha ngaphezulu kwabasetyhini.

Ngelo isanda iimpawu sifo wavakalisa nochuku, ukudinwa, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, intloko kunye silale. Iziphazamiso neemvakalelo edakumbisayo ngexesha elifanayo kokuba ngendlela.

Emva koko, lo memory isigulane iphazamisekile kakhulu. Oku kuboniswe nokudideka, kwakunye namagama ndizilibala, imihla, njalo-njalo.

Hi ndlela leyi, dementia iphuhlisa ngayo, zingaphi iminyaka izigulane eziphilayo kunye uxilongo kuxhomekeke ukuba imbali yabo stroke. Kulo mzekelo, iminyaka yobomi liyehla. Iimpawu luvo efanayo yale sifo zezi: hemiparesis, ukuqina, intetho kakuhle, igwinya, ehamba kunye uchama.

Ngaba akakuphosi ukubonakala sengqondo esixhalabisayo? Iimpawu zesi sifo

Ngelishwa, Kumanqanaba okuqala sengqondo esiyingozi esiza ukubamba phantse nzima, kuba yinkqubo ende kwaye kancinci kangangokuba utsale abenzi kwi iminyaka 10-15. Le ndoda ngokuthe maxongo inkumbulo into eyenzeka nje kodwa walondoloza iinkumbulo iziganeko zexesha elidlulileyo.

Komqondo abalupheleyo ikakhulu ilahleko wabonisa ikhono lokufunda kunye kubuqhetseba. Izigulane bonke kunzima ukukhangela isithuba kunye nexesha. Kungekudala sifumana ukuba sele kakhulu kunzima ukukhetha amagama afanelekileyo, nentetho yabo mpilo kakhulu. Hi ndlela leyi, suka akukho ngaphantsi, kwaye iingxaki ngexesha yamanani zokusebenza.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba abanye abantu nalo ixesha elide bayakwazi ukufihla uphawu iimpawu dementia ngokuphepha izenzo entsonkothileyo (umz intlawulo nge kwincwadi check). Kwaye ibanika nokuphungulwa kakhulu nomdla ekufundeni, kunye naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi. Abo bangakwaziyo zisakha ubomi kabutsha, bazifumana baxakekile, njengoko ziye zanciphisa amathuba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla - umntu ngoku aze alibale ngezinto ezibalulekileyo okanye kubathwala engalunganga.

Njengoko sengqondo esixhalabisayo kuqala ukumila kwawo

Kakade ke, uphuhliso dementia nobomi ekulindeleke ukuba nesi sifo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: imo yempilo, ezo zifo kwiCEMIS, iimpawu ubuntu, isimo kwabanye kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi. Kodwa ukuba sithethe ngeempawu zesi sifo xa iyonke, ukuze sikwazi ukubona ezinye iimpawu ezifanayo obukhoyo phakathi utshintsho lomntu:

• Amaninzi ngakumbi ephawuleka na utshintsho kubunjani isigulane. Kuxhotyiwe ebuntwini bakhe ngamnye ubuntu, ezifana Need iba ukubawa nangonyamezelo - in obstinacy.
• nzima, okanye mandithi akunakwenzeka, Umntu ukutshintsha imboniselo kuhlala ngayo iziganeko. Ikhulela conservatism.
• Thought iinkqubo zimbi.
• ngokuba mpawu zidwelisiweyo rhoqo kulandelwa kunye nokuhluthwa imigaqo yokuziphatha yokuziphatha (izigulane sengqondo esixhalabisayo ikhono labo ihlazo, ingqiqo umsebenzi, nanzo zincitshiswe imilinganiselo yokomoya kunye nomdla kubalulekile).

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, baqala futhi utshintsho oluqaphelekayo kwinkumbulo karhulumente, kunye ukunyhashwa zokuqhelaniswa zexeshana kunye lomhlaba. Noko ke, kangangexesha elide zihlale zokuziphatha efanayo, izijekulo kunye nentetho yomntu othile.

Yinkalo yokugqibela dementia

Njengoko yaziwa, ebunayo okukhulu kwenzeka isigulane yokugqibela, isigaba kakhulu kwesi sifo. Uphuhliso yingqondo kweli xesha iphawulwa ukungcangcazela iminwe, incoordination kunye umlenze ahambe, lo ukukhathala. Ezi izigulane zibe elide, kunye nolwazi malunga nawe abe iyachithwa.

umntu ABADALA kulo mqathango akusayi ngaphandle koncedo ukuzinakekela, udle, nigcine imithetho engundoqo yezempilo. Xa izigulane ezininzi kukho kukwaphula inkqubo ukuchama. Kusenokuba iinkqubo njengoko nda- wonye okanye ukuvuza kwamalweyile ngendlela nomchamo.

Ukugula shortens ubomi abo bagulayo kubo, ngenxa yokuba ukuba sesihambe sengqondo esiyingozi isigulane akusekho unako ingxelo izifo, ngaphandle asebekhulile ayibi nefiva okanye leukocytosis eziphendula usulelo. Doctor kule meko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthembela kuphela ingqiqo yakhe kwakunye namava, kodwa ngelishwa wajoyina naluphi na usuleleko kunokubangela ukufa malunga nesigulane eso.

Iimpawu isahlakalo yingqondo saka

Loo nto inika umdla ekuthiwa-dementia saka okanye saka kwi asebekhulile ubonisa dissociation ocacileyo phakathi esixhalabisayo ecacileyo kwaye zilondolozwe ngendlela efanayo zokuziphatha. Isigulane wahlala ingaguqukanga okutenxileyo yangaphambili, izijekulo, intetho ekunene, imvakalozwi. Konke oku kudla ulahlekisa elikheswa. Ucinga ukuba uthetha nomntu uphilile, kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo umbuzo ibonisa ukuba fun kangangoko ukuthetha umntu omdala, osixelela yokwenza imizekelo evela elidlulileyo, bengakwazi kuthi mdala kangakanani na, nokuba a ri ni ndyangu, apho uhlala kunye naye uthi ngoku.

komqondo saka kubantu abadala, kwiimeko ezininzi le ezingahambi iimeko ngengqondo ukuba ezendeleyo ngendlela nemithambo zesi sifo. Kakade ke, ibhexesha kakhulu ubomi kwaye isigulane kunye nezalamane zakhe, njengesigulane loo nto ibangele inkathazo enkulu ezikuyo.

Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi kwezi zigulane ezibonisa iimpawu ukugula ngengqondo, leyo zikhatshwa ukuphuthelwa okanye inversion (Shift ngexesha) ubuthongo. Kwezi izigulane kuvela nemibono, ukusola etsolo, ukuba utshintsho kwimo kwinceba ukuzithethelela.

A ezibanga ezi mpawu kakhulu ungatshintsha inqanaba iswekile yegazi, amathontsi uxinzelelo kunye nezinye iingxaki kunye zempilo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuthatha unonophelo sengqondo esiyingozi abakhulileyo abantu kuzo zonke iintlobo zezifo, benxibe zombini uhlobo ezingapheliyo kunye bukhali.

Kutheni kukho komqondo saka

Ngesizathu esithile, kukho esixhalabisayo saka kwi abadala, kutheni kwezi meko, ingqondo yomntu iqala ukuba zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo, xa ngaba alucacanga.

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ebudaleni kukho ukuphazamiseka ezingummiselo omzimba, nto leyo ebangela iinkqubo sokuhlasela. A evela kule autoantibody iiseli wayenzakele ebuchotsheni. fluid fluid equlathe iiseli eziqhelekileyo omzimba ukuba badlale indima yokhuselo ebudaleni utshintsha kakhulu ulwalamano lwabo kunye neepropati, nto leyo ekhokelela utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo kwi CNS.

Komqondo abadala kwaye okubangelwa ufuzo. Kubonakele ukuba umngcipheko sifo banda izihlandlo 4.3 kwezo ntsapho apho kwakukho amatyala esi sifo. Iimpawu Somatic esi sifo ndiyibonakalalise ngaphambili laphalala ngobunono saka sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ukutshintsha umfanekiso nokukhawulezisa isantya ngoku, lo gama nokuphelisa kwangethuba ezi zifo ngayo kwezinye iimeko kukhokelela kuphuhliso kancinci yingqondo.

Iminyaka yokuphila kwezigulane unesifo 'dementia ", oko ubudala na ukuba alinde

Abaphandi beYunivesithi yaseCambridge ange ebuzinzisile kweminyaka yokuphila kwizigulane kunye ukuxilongwa ezimisiweyo "dementia saka." Mingaphi iminyaka abahlala izigulane ezinjalo, ngokutsho izazinzulu, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwizinto yangaphandle, kodwa avareji ngayo imali ukuya kwiminyaka 4.5-5.

Hi ndlela leyi,-manani zibonisa ukuba sengqondo esixhalabisayo eneminyaka engama-60 ukuya 69, kwenzeka malunga-2% amatyala, yaye emva kweminyaka engama-80 sele ngokuxhomekeke ukuya kwi-20% abantu abadala. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-90 kwandisa ingozi yokuba ukuya kwi-45%.

Nangona kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba la manani asondele kakhulu, ekubeni ipesenti enkulu abakhulileyo musa kuwa phantsi kweliso bengqondo, kuba azinayo ithi ngengqondo, yaye kuza phantsi kuphela iingxaki kunye kwinkumbulo, ubukrelekrele ecaphuka msinya amancinci. izigulane ezinjalo iintsapho emva kwabo Kuyinto elula ukuba anyamekele, yaye musa ukwenza iingxaki ezinkulu abasenyongweni.

Ethetha loo nto, ukuba abaninzi abaphila sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba xi kwakhona ukuba abafileyo yale uphethwe bancinane kakhulu. Ezi ziquka kuphela ngabo babulawa ziingozi ezinxulumene iimpawu kwesi sifo. Ngokomthetho kufa ukufa icala okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ngokufuthi ezihamba kunye nale fom nemithambo zesi sifo.

Yintoni na sezulu dementia

Njengoko ngakumbi ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala, wachaza ngezifo ubukhulu becala vuhlayiseki, namayeza mihla, ngelishwa, ezinokucothisa kuphela phantsi inkqubo okanye ukususa iimpawu ezibi kwenzeka lokufunyaniswa 'dementia'.

Mingaphi iminyaka abaphila nesi sifo, kuba kunzima ukutsho ukuba ukuba, ekubeni, umzekelo, kunye ngokukhawuleza progression of iintlobo ezinemigca ye ukufa yinto enokwenzeka phakathi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Isizathu ngokuba kaninzi oku bekwenza comorbidities njengoko nokudumba (kwizigulane ezibhedini) okanye inyumoniya.