Icala phambi lwehlelo. Yeyiphi icala ngaphambili osayilwayo kuqwalaselwa?

hlobo nganye, nokuba ezinkozo okanye hlobo iye "ubuso" zawo, ngakumbi, kwicala ngaphambili umva. Noko ke, maxa wambi umntu ningazi kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda apho ecaleni ngaphambili oyilwayo, nalapho inxalenye yayo ngasemva. Kakade ke, ukuba okuhlawulela iimpahla okanye iinkonzo, ezifana nolwazi asifuneki, kodwa umba kubalulekile, ukubaluleka maxa wambi nkqu eyimfihlakalo kwabanye abantu.

Uphi na lo obverse

Avers - ekuthiwa icala phambi engamaphepha okanye zemali, kwaye kukho igama kwigama French avers okanye adversus Latin, gama elo elithetha "ejongene ubuso."

Ukuziqhelisa jikelele, kunye neencwadi ezikhethekileyo akukho Asikavumelani ukuba baqaphele indlela "ubuso" le hlobo. karhulumente ngamnye unelungelo lokubeka imithetho yabo kulo mbandela. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho ezinye izikhokelo jikelele kwenkcazo obverse. Ngoko ke, kwicala ngaphambili, njengokuba umthetho, zimelwe:

• umzobo irhuluneli, umongameli (current okanye owayesakuba) intloko karhulumente;
• imifanekiso karhulumente okanye ngumfuziselo lizwe; amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba imifuziselo zibekwe macala omabini, ngoko ke obverse ngulowo apho kukho luphawu oluphambili amandla, kwisikhululo ephakamileyo okanye ezinkulu ubukhulu;
• legend, igama kurhulumente, intsimi;
• igama ebhankini elikhupha.

Kwaye ukuba umntu akanakho

Ke, maxa wambi, oko kuyenzeka ukuba icala ngaphambili hlobo alinayo nayiphi na ezi mpawu zingasentla. Yenzeka njani le nto? Kwiimeko apho umfanekiso evela kwi uyilwayo akukho umfanekiso okanye indawo ekhumbulekayo, zithathwa ukuba ndichasane obverse icala ukuya okufikiweyo obekwe kwi hlobo ihlelo, okanye elinye apho inani lothotho.
Kwezi meko zinzima kufuneka ujonge kwikhathalogu kazwelonke kweli lizwe ekhuphe oyilwayo. Noko ke, lo mgaqo usebenza ngakumbi iinkozo, ngenxa yokuba isithuba elincinci kakhulu, indawo apho bonke ngobuntshatsheli kube nzima.

Kutheni ukutshintsha i "ubuso" kwi imali engange

yamaphepha Russian kwakhona imiqondiso obverse, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho jikelele. Noko ke, maxa wambi ezi mpawu ezikhethekileyo baba ezimagqagala: phantse lonke eni zookumkani babekwa kwicala phambi yase Russian, kwaye kumaxesha Soviet baziguqula lo mfanekiso inkokeli sabasebenzi V. I. Lenina, wayekho kumanqaku yebhanki naliphi na inani. Noko ke, emva kokuba 1991 amandla kombuso, kwaye nalo ke urhulumente opolitiko zatshintsha kakhulu, yaye kungekudala kwakufuneka imali elitsha, apho umzobo Vladimir Ilyich ngokukhawuleza indawo umfanekiso incwadi yesicelo kaThixo, uphawu kwamandla karhulumente, Wozisibekekisa iphambili kweli lizwe. Ukususela ngelo xesha kwaye kude kube ngoku icala ngaphambili oyilwayo yase Russian bayeka ukubonisa ekumeni, ukwenzela ukuba baxhomekeke kwi-nkqubo karhulumente. Imifanekiso izixeko kunye ezikhumbuzo yenkcubeko musa ezibambe yeengcinga uya kuba efanelekileyo nangaliphi na ixesha.

Butho Russian

Icala phambi lwehlelo 100 engange ye kwisampula 1993 ihonjiswe kunye nomfanekiso weNdlu yeeNgwevu enqabeni Moscow yesicelo kunye tricolor Russian, zibekwe phezu kwawo weNdlu yeeNgwevu. Enyanisweni, ezo umfanekiso ngexesha saba phezu amatyala obverse nawuphi na ihlelo, kodwa sele ngowe-1995, yonke into yatshintsha kwisibheno zaye zakhutshwa amanqaku amatsha emahlelweni ka-1, 5, 10, 50, 100 no 500 lamawaka engange .. Kodwa "centesimal" omtsha wavela kancinci emva - January 1, 1998.

kwicala lasekunene oyilwayo, leyo wabeka ifoto ngezantsi, kukho quadriga umfanekiso, yamaRoma inqwelo enamavili amabini ezirhuqwa ngamahashe ezine. Le inqwelo ubhedu ka Apollo lihombise nesezindlu Moscow Bolshoi Theatre. Ekuqaleni, lo mfanekiso lowo ezinkonzo hlobo ka 100 000 miri., Kodwa emva kokuba ihlelo 1997 ihashe ngqo amaxesha "ukubhitya" amawaka yemizi indawo imbeko sele amahlelo hlobo engange-100. Ngenxa yoko, amakhulu isekho namhlanje, kodwa i-Oktobha 30, 2013 bapapasha "Olimpiki" olutsha lwemali zokubhiyizela uMdyarho engange-100. Kuyinto fanekisela ukuba ukukhululwa yayo yaqaliswa kanye nekhulu iintsuku phambi kokuvulwa kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. Icala phambi ihlelo 100 engange a snowboarder umfanekiso projektha kwi-Olimpiki, naphezu kokusemva firebird ebonakalayo ngeqanda, ayanda phezu Olympic Stadium "Fischt". Ukuhamba lilonke "amakhulu Olimpiki" imibhalo ezizigidi ezingama-20, yaye abanye babo baye bakhululwa kwibhokisi isipho.

senkulungwane ihlelo

I obverse amawaka eyilwayo ngowama-1993 nayo komfanekiso iflegi yesizwe kwi Yeengwevu inqaba, yaye kwinqaku 95 ibhanki th iye iphinde yakhutshwa kwakhona. kwicala lasekunene engamaphepha ka-1000 engange, esi sehlayo waya ukujikeleza September 29, 1995, negcina Vladivostok ezinika - ngencam ikholam rostral kwi ngohlobo xinyenyana "naseManchuria", olwalumiselwe emnyango esixekweni 1982. Lo mzobo yesibini obverse Ungumfanekiselo uyezibuko kolwandle Vladivostok, ibekwe kwitheku adumileyo iGolden Horn, leyo ngokwayo imbali etyebileyo. Noko ke, olunjalo "iwaka" yathatha kungekudala kakhulu - yeza ihlelo, kwaye kwakhona wathabatha imali entsha. 1 Januwari 2001 wabona ukukhanya hlobo 1000 engange ezintsha Russian, obverse ayo ehonjiswe lesikhumbuzo ukuze Grand Prince Yaroslav Izazi, eyakhiwa imbeko ngunozala abahlali besixeko Yaroslavl. Umfanekiso yesibini obverse le hlobo yi Chapel Kazan Dame ulungelane kwi Yaroslavskyy yesicelo. Ngenxa yoko, i "sewaka" namhlanje. Nangona ukuba iphinde yakhutshwa kabini, imbonakalo oko asiguqukanga, kwamane neqondo lokhuselo.

le kwezibalo

karhulumente ngamnye ikhupha yamaphepha zawo, kunyanzelekile nje ukuba anyamekele nokhuselo ubunyaniso bazo. Kakade ke, akukho mfihlakalo ukuba yamaphepha zomgunyathi kunye eziinkozo - sisenzo lolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa, ngelishwa, olu lwazi ayikho nako ukuyeka abaqashi, sizimisele ukuba bazuze. Amaninzi, uphawu lokwenene a ngokufanayo isasazwe phezu bonke ubuso ibhili, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, uninzi lona ku Aversa.

Umzekelo, ububhali features ngokufuthi ibonakale kwicala ngaphambili, zezi:

• ipateni moire - indawo ezizodwa, ukutshintsha umbala wayo kwaye strip ebonakalayo inemibalabala;
• bayeke ukusebenza - umfanekiso afihlakeleyo apho kubonakala, ucinga kuphela oyilwayo kwi-engile zitsolile;
• tags infrared - ingxenye yomfanekiso wambu compound elikhethekileyo uyakwazi ukuze ukuvutha lefoni;
• magama Izihloko - ngokukodwa wenza ukuba abangaboniyo;
• yamaphepha ihlelo, swi imingxuma ezincinane ukuze abangaboniyo - microperforation;
• inani lothotho, kwindawo ethile;
• ukusebenzisa umfanekiso usebenzisa i-inki optically umahluko.

Kakade ke, zikho nezinye iinkalo - watermark, imicu zokhuseleko, iilebhile owahluke ngokwemvelo, itekisi micro, mikrorisunok, ngomsonto sisinyithi zokuzikhusela, njalo njalo, kodwa zikhona kwi kwegazi okanye Ebubanzini bill ngokwayo amaninzi.

Yimalini ibhanki akayi kwamkela

Eyona nto ingaqhelekanga kukuba, kodwa kwezinye iimeko oyilwayo aniyi kwamkela, kwanokuba oko kuyinyaniso. Iibhanki kuyekiswe ejikelezayo (ngaphandle imbuyiselo) iimali ezifana:

• owalupheleyo, kakubi wonakele;
• zivela kuye kwasasazwa (ekupheleni ngokutshintshiselana ngokuzithandela kwikota);
• inxalenye hlobo, ogama indawo engaphantsi kwe-55% yobukhulu bawo yokuqala;
• amatyala, zonakaliswe ngamanzi, umlilo, amachiza, ukuba kunye izahlulo batshabalalisa abe ngaphantsi kwe-55% yendawo wokuqala;
• Kwakhona musa ukwamkela yamaphepha, ukuba umva okanye phambi icala oyilwayo ayikho enye amahlelo mabini, amanani, okanye ukuba ngaba ibhuqiwe kunene: ukungabikho ngomsonto zokhuseleko, umonakalo omkhulu okanye ukutshintshwa lo mfanekiso, kukho utshintsho kwexabiso elibekiweyo le hlobo le isuka kwikona;
• oku kwenzeka ngokufanayo eyaphukileyo, isikwe engamaphepha eliqela ethe, ukuba omnye kwezahlulo uphela ngowam ngaphantsi kwe-55% yendawo.

iimpawu imali

Kulungile, ngoku uyazi apho ecaleni ngaphambili oyilwayo, ngoko lixesha lokuthetha ethandwa kakhulu futhi, bathi, i olusebenzayo ezinxulumene ethengiweyo obverse. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza imali usoloko eyathatyathiswa amanani amakhulu, kuyimfuneko abaphathe ngentlonelo. Kukholelwa ukuba imali kwiwalethi kufuneka abekwe obverse ngqo umniniyo, kwaye ngendlela ethile - ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ukuze xa uvula isipaji imali enkulu kakhulu wajonga ngqo ebusweni. Yaye nayiphi na imeko, ukuba imali kufuneka ingabi kulala "ngamahla ndinyuka" - ingaba 'ukucaphuka "kodwa lushiye. Umntu okholwayo izihlabo, abanye abazi, kodwa bhekisa ubuso bakho imali ngokwayo akukho nzima, ngoko zama ukuthintela kuwe - usebenze ngequbuliso?