I-theory and definition of yokwazisa

isayensi yekhompyutha i nenzululwazi eselula. Zivela phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Yintoni isizathu sokuba imbonakalo? Kungenzeka, oko kukulinyusa kakhulu inani inkcazelo ethe yabehlela uluntu. Okulandelayo iya kuqwalaselwa ukuba lwekhompyutha, kwinkcazelo yale inzululwazi kunye neenjongo zawo.

Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso

Ngoko ke, anike inkcazelo yenzululwazi. Ngoko nangoko kunzima ukwenza. Le inzululwazi yavela nokufika ikhompyutha, esebenza njengesixhobo technical ukuba unako ukuphucula izakhono zabantu ize isebenze imali eninzi inkcazelo. Ekubeni lo gama nenzululwazi entsha, uphakathi izazinzulu kude kukho iimbambano malunga inkcazelo, uphuhliso, kwakunye nendima yayo eluntwini. Zonke ithi kuphela ukuba isayensi kakhulu olukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Isizukulwana sethu umbonile ukuvela ubuchwepheshe yenzululwazi mihla, olusekelwe kulwazi. Yintoni na ulwazi? Kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha, kwenkcazo gama linentsingiselo ngaphezu kwesinye. Ke isikolo sisisibonelelo entsha yoluntu, ukujoyina nezinye izixhobo ezaziwayo: amandla, yendalo, abantu. Umdla kukuba suku ngalunye zanda.

ulwazi

Yintoni na ulwazi? Ngokuchaza isayensi yekhompyutha lo gama luchazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: a iseti lwemiqondiso ayejongwa ubuchopho bomntu okanye luvo zezilwanyana ngokusebenzisa abenzi boluvo neenkqubo software ezibonisa naziphi na iimpawu zezinto ngezimanga ezinxulumene nentshukumo. Uhlobo iimpawu ezinjalo bekuya kuquka ubukho babo, ukudlulisa, kunye nokuguqula okanye inkqubo. Isayensi lifunda le nkqubo - ukuba isayensi. Kwinkcazelo yale inzululwazi ubunjwe iingqiqo ezifana "ulwazi" yaye "Automatic".

Ilizwi elafikayo yasasazwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane lokugqibela eFransi ukubonisa processing ulwazi ngeendlela oluzenzekelayo. Ingcaciso yesayensi computer eRashiya kwakuthetha kuqala documentary, ukugcinwa, uphando, ithala leencwadi. Kwaye ngoku lo inzululwazi esele ngokupheleleyo kwinkalo ezahlukeneyo angena onke amacandelo ubomi bomntu. Iquka iindawo ezinxulumene nogcino lweenkqubo zolwazi, ezibandakanya izixhobo, software.

iingqiqo zenzululwazi computer

Kuyinto lubonakale inkcazelo yesayensi computer achazayo kwaye ayenzelwanga ukuba ibe naluphina unciphiso. Ngapha koko, ukuba sisekelwe phezu iindidi ngokubanzi ezifana "data", "izinto", "imiqondiso" njalo njalo. N. Kodwa la magama kunye iinkcazelo inzululwazi computer kube lula wamchazela.

Le zesandla luhlobo lolwazi eliguqukayo, esihlawulwa ngomatshini (kudluliselwe) kummandla usebenzisa abathwali izinto ekuthiwa amajelo onxibelelwano. Inzululwazi ye ukudluliselwa kolwazi - oko isayensi.

Kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha, inkcazelo datha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuba uhlobo kwamagxa ulwazi sisasazwa abathwali eziphathekayo ngexesha. Zibizwa ngokuba izixhobo zokugcina.

Ukuba ungenisa inkqubo ukudluliselwa data kwi abstract, oko lungohlulwa lube iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Umthombo ulwazi.
2. ulwazi transmission channel.
3. ulwazi receiver.

Ukusebenzisana kula amathathu bangela ulwazi, kukho abathile uqhagamshelo. Komnye uthotho ulwazi uyakwazi ukubeka ingqiqo ka "ulwazi" yaye "ulwazi".

Ulwazi - inkcazelo yenzululwazi yokwazisa. Basimisela kwinqanaba eliphezulu ulwazi, ebizwa esemantiki. On isekelwe usebenzisa ingqiqo kufumana kwizigqibo ezithile lwesemantiki ekwabizwa ngokuba esemantiki.

imigomo

iinkcazelo ezisisiseko kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha - i "inkqubo", "imodeli" yaye "algorithm". Le ndlela yenziwe ngayo analogu aqhelekileyo yenjongosenzi, leyo iipropati ezithile. Injongo yale imodeli - isifundo le nto. I algorithm indlela ukufumana indlela yokuphuma nayiphi na imeko ingxaki. Uchaza ngokucacileyo ngokulandelelana onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko. Le program yeyona enye - loo nto algorithm iboniswe olunye lweelwimi kweenkqubo. Eyona njongo ingundoqo inzululwazi yekhompyutha njenge inzululwazi - ke ukufuna ulwazi kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu ngoncedo kweekhompyutha.

Phambi kokuba inzululwazi wabeka iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

• Uphuhliso technology zokulungisa kakuhle ulwazi.
• Uhlolisiso kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zengcaciso.
• Ukuqaliswa kweekhompyutha kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu.
• Ukudala, ubuchwepheshe eziphuculweyo entsha, ukuzilungisa imijelo data enkulu.

Yokwazisa na inzululwazi, apho ayisekho ngaphandle kwelinye, ekubeni injongo yawo - kukudala zobuchwepheshe obutsha inkcazelo eza kusetyenziswa ukusombulula iingxaki kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

izikhombisi

Eyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso - lisetyenziswa, yokwazisa ithiyori kunye nobugcisa.

Applied Informatics liphuhlisa isiseko solwazi, nokuphuhlisa iindlela ngenxa esizisebenzelayo mveliso. Ngelo xesha langoku ngayo yindlela engundoqo inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Applied Informatics Akothusi ukufumanisa zonke iinkalo zemisebenzi ulwazi.

Ubiza computer yenzululwazi ithiyori - uphuhliso ingcamango jikelele zophendlo, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokugcinwa kolwazi, ekuchongeni izixhomekeki kwindalo nenguqu lolwazi, ukufunda nonxibelelwano kwabantu kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa computer.

Technical Informatics na isebe, leyo iquka kwinkqubo yesizwe nokuhlawulwa ulwazi, ukudalwa imifuziselo ezintsha ikhompyutha, ubukrelekrele ngumntu, iirobhothi, njalo-njalo. D.

Isakhiwo, imilo kunye lobukhulu ulwazi

Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo ubephethwe isakhiwo ulwazi kunye nokwakheka. ulwazi Ulwakhiwo elibizwa ichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwezakhi kokungena nesakhiwo sayo. Eyona impahla inkcazelo na indlela.

System kuyinto isethi kunye neepropati ezingekho lokuba nayiphi na eyahlukileyo izinto alo.

Iindlela ulwazi yahlukile:

• Binary (ulwazi ebonisa ikhowudi machine).
• PA.
• Obeka (iifoto, imifanekiso, imizobo).
• Umbhalo kunye uphawu (oonobumba, amanani, iisimboli).
• Video.

Kwimeko apho inkcazelo ngaxeshanye ngeendlela eziliqela, ibizwa ngokuba intshumayelo yemultimedia.

Amanyathelo umgangatho ulwazi ekhethiweyo into abstract, nto leyo ngokwenene States ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Olo into ibizwa binary okanye binary. Iqulethe ulwazi 1 bit. Ivela kule nkcukacha iiyunithi zenzeka bytes ezinkulu, kilobytes, megabytes, njalo-njalo. Nakuba computer. Ukubekwa isixa ulwazi namhlanje - oku ngomnye wemisebenzi ephambili.

isayensi ikhompyutha kunye nobuchwepheshe

Iimpikiswano ngendima eguqukayo ulwazi uze kudlala kubomi babantu ingafumaneka kwi ncwadi yenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa. Yintoni kuchazwe kule utshintsho?

• Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo inokubonakalisa izinga ukukhawulezisa rhoqo ukukhula kolwazi. Ulwazi ngokuba resource kuphela yoluntu, nto leyo engazange kunciphisa. Ngenxa yoko, kukho umqobo kwinkqubo processing. Ngamanye amaxesha nje ke akwenzi ngqiqo ukuqokelela ukugcina ulwazi, njengoko kungekho ithuba processing kunye eyiyo.
• Ukwanda isabelo ingxaki konxibelelwano. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulwazi kwinkqubo dluliselo egqwethekileyo okanye ezilahlekileyo.
• kuvela ubunzima obukhulu ngenxa geographical, iilwimi, terminological, yolawulo kunye neminye imiqobo.
• Idla akunakwenzeka ukuba ukusetyenziswa aluncedo ulwazi ngenxa yokuba randomly saa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.

Ezinye iinkcazelo yesayensi

Umsebenzi eqhubekayo ukusombulula yonke le ngxaki kuye kwakhokelela ukuvela isiyalo yenzululwazi ezimeleyo - inzululwazi. iimpawu zayo steel subject ingcaciso, inkcazelo yokuziphatha kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, iindlela yoqokelelo yayo, ukusetyenzwa, ukugcinwa kunye transmission. inzululwazi enemisebenzi kakhulu - oko isayensi. Kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha, inkcazelo konke oku kungentla ekubhekiselelwe information technology. Le amagama asinguye kuphela. Kukho le nkcazo ilandelayo lenzululwazi computer: lidini isayensi ufunda le nkcazelo, ukumelwa semthethweni kunye nokusetyenziswa ulwazi seyininzi ngoncedo lobuchwepheshe computer. injongo yawo - ukufumana ulwazi olutsha.

Ukusetyenziswa "inzululwazi" igama elibhekisela ukuya kummandla ulwazi lwenzululwazi, akukho jikelele. EUnited States, umzekelo, kule ndawo kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha.

inzululwazi ikhompyutha kunye noluntu

A phawu olulodwa ulwazi nobugcisa kwenye intsimi isicelo. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ngazibini ubuntu babo. Icala elingemva naphaya - ezi mngeni ezivelayo kwenziwe kakuhle iinkcazelo.

Isiphumo kuphuhliso lolwazi iteknoloji - ezi iinkqubo zokufunda ezikhokelela ekufunyanweni kwe jikelele uluntu lwazi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bazifumana inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enxulumene kushishino ulwazi. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo eminyaka kubekho iinguqu anamandla kakhulu isakhiwo yemarike-hardware ne-software izixhobo zekhompyutha. Yokubuya kwakhe iimveliso emarikeni kunye neenkonzo emarikeni technology le.

Konke oku kungentla kubonisa ukuba inkcazelo yenzululwazi eekhompyutha ezininzi kakhulu. Kuyinto isayensi ekugqibeleni yinto ngakumbi.