I-subusty ejwayelekile: inkcazo, indlela yokuphila, ifoto

Ngesinye ixesha ubugcisa obuqhelekileyo bube ngummeli omkhulu wentsapho yaseKarpov nakwezinye iindawo nakwiindawo zentlanzi yorhwebo. Namhlanje, kuyinto engabonakaliyo kwaye iphantse ibe yingozi.

Inkcazelo

Ngokwebukhulu bebhanki kufuneka ukuba kubangelwe kwiintlanzi ezincinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubude bayo abuyi ngaphezu kwe-30 cm, kwaye bunzima - kufika ku-400 g, kodwa kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo kukho abantu abayi-1.5 kg. Iqumrhu lixhomekeke, lihlanganiswe ngamanqanaba amakhulu, ahleliyo. Isisu nesalathiso seentlanzi ziluhlaza ngesilivere, kwaye kuphela umva owaziwa ngumbala wakhe omnyama. Iimpompo ezibomvu zibonakala ngokucacileyo, ngelixa i-caudal inomda omnyama kunye nemigca ephezulu nangaphezulu. Ngexesha lokuzalisa, abafana bafumana umbala ocacileyo - kumagumbi omlomo, amabala ase-orange avela kufuphi neefotal pectoral. Phakathi komzimba wonke (ukusuka kwamehlo nakumsila) emacaleni ngumgca omnyama, kwaye kwisikali sibonakala umbala ofanayo. Izibilini ezininzi ze-epithelial tubercles zenziwa ekhanda.

Wafumana igama lakhe ngesimo esingavamile somlomo. Ngaphantsi kwe-cartilaginous, ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ekhaleni kunye nebonakala ngathi yinto enqabileyo. Amagqabha amaPertyali amakhulu, adibeneyo. Ngomhlathi ophantsi okhombisayo kukho i-horny cheholchik.

Ixesha lokulinda lobomi kwiminyaka eyi-8-10 kwaye ixhomekeka kakhulu kwiimeko apho uhlala khona.

Systematics

Le ntlobo ivela kwintsapho yaseKarpov, iqela leCarfiform iqela leentlanzi ezikhazimulayo . Kungekudala, amanani ayo ayancipha ngokubonakalayo. Kwiintlobo ezingama-18 ezikhoyo, i-anesthetic eqhelekileyo yinto eqhelekileyo.

Ukuhlala kunye nokusasazwa

Le ntlanzi ikhetha okwangoku kwaye ayiyithandi amanzi amile. Ngako oko, uphila ngokubanzi kwimilambo ejulile, apho i-bottom is sandy, i-stony, kunye neenqobo ezinkulu, igwema indawo kunye nelixa elincinci. I-Podust - intlanzi ephantsi, igcina phantse kwizantsi, phantse ukuyichukumisa ngesisu sayo. Ukuthanda ngokukodwa indawo apho kukho khona iindawo ezinqabileyo kunye nezidaka ezinamatye.

Lwenzeka phantse kuyo yonke imifula enkulu yaseYurophu. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo eJamani naseSwitzerland. E-Russia, ihlala kwimifula yamanzi aseBaltic, eNyakatho, kumaLwandle aMnyama. Kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-Kama ngokuqhelekileyo kukho i-podost eqhelekileyo. EBelarus, ulwahlulo lwayo luphela kwimigodi yamanzi aseWest Bug noPpypyat.

Indlela yokuphila

Le ntlanzi yenza iintlobo ezininzi zeegusha, eziququzelelwe ezininzi, kunye namakhulu angama-alinganayo ngobukhulu bomntu ngamnye. I-Podust ingathobeki kwaye iyathemba kakhulu, eyenza ibe yinto elula yokubamba ama-anglers. Iintlanzi zithandwa kakhulu kukungcungcutheka, unako ukujonga ukuba zihamba njani zize zifike ezinyaweni zokuhlamba abantu. Ngodaka oluphakanyisiwe ukusuka ngasezantsi kunye nentlabathi bafuna izibungu zezilwanyana. Iintlanzi zivame ukufika emanzini (ukutyutywa) ngo-Meyi-Juni, xa kuqhutyelwa iindiza ezininzi zegazi. Ngenxa yelungiselelo elikhethekileyo lomlomo, ibhokhwe iphoqeleka ukuba iphendule xa ukutya kuthatyathwa kumanzi wamanzi, kubonisa isisu esiswini. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwahlula ukuxuba kweentlanzi kwabanye.

I-podust eqhelekileyo-intlanzi ekhokela ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwimozulu yelanga, unokubona ngokucacileyo imigca emide yezikolo ezisezantsi. Maxa wambi baninzi kakhulu. Ebusuku, intlanzi iya ekujuleni okanye kufuphi nxwemeni, ifihla ehlathini, edla ngokuwa kwiibhenki zokuloba kunye neebhasikiti.

Unomdla kakhulu kumonakalo emanzini. Kodwa ngokukhutshwa kweetyhefu ukusuka kwizityalo zomlambo kunye nomqulu, awuhambi, njengokuba, umzekelo, i-minnows yenza, kodwa ifihla emva kwamatye. Ngenxa yoko, phantse yonke ihlobo uyakubona indlela emlanjeni ubuninzi obunokutshiza i-podst e-half-dead, ehoxiswa zizilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

I-podost eqhelekileyo, isithombe esinikezelwa kweli nqaku, ukuba yintlanzi yosuku, idla ngokuyininzi kwi- filamentous algae kunye ne-detritus. Bawaqokelela ematye, e-snags, e-piles, ekhanda ngemilomo. Umonakalo omkhulu ubangela intwasahlobo engezantsi kweentlanzi, udla amaqanda abo atyukisiwe, awakhuphe izinto ezingaphantsi kwamanzi. Ingxenye yokutya ngexesha eli lixesha libuye linyulu kunye nemifuno yomhlaba. Kodwa ngokuqala kwehlobo leentlanzi ezinomdla ziba yinto eqhelekileyo yokutya-ukutya kwayo kuqulethe imifuno yomlambo.

Ukuzaliswa

Ukukhula kwezi ntlanzi kufinyelela kwiminyaka engama-3-5 ubudala, xa ubude bomzimba wabo buba ngaphantsi kwe-18 cm. I-caviar yeepods ibonakala ngamatye amakhulu, iipilisi. Eli xesha alihlali ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu. Amaqabunga aphezulu, asemhlophe ngombala, inani labo livela kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-12 lamaqhekeza amawaka. Kwexesha elithile i-podst ihlala isondelene neendawo zokuzala. Ngalesi sikhathi, akasondli kuphela ngityalo, kodwa kunye ne-roe yezinye iintlanzi eziza kuhluma emva koko, intlanzi: chub, minnow, roach. Ngamanye amaxesha akayikuzidela.

Emva kweveki ezimbini, izibungu zivela. Bahlala iinyanga ezimbini kwikholam yamanzi, ukutya kwiplankton, kwaye baba yinyabi, baye kwindlela yokuphila engaphantsi, edla ngokukhokelela kwi-podost eqhelekileyo.

Ukuzaliswa kwalo kuqale ngo-Epreli, kodwa kwenzeka ngezinye ixesha nakwixesha elidlulileyo, kuxhomekeke ekushiseni kwamanzi - kufuneka kufudumele ukuya kwi-8-10 ° C. Fry ibonakale xa sele ifudumele ngokwaneleyo, kwaye uchithe lonke ihlobo e-ruts kunye ne-shallow nge-current current. Kwiindawo ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo zikhula ngotshani (imithi yamanzi, isilikhi, njl.), Ngenxa yokuba intlanzi ikhula ngokukhawuleza. NgoSeptemba abantu abatsha baya kwiindawo ezinzulu. Ngeminyaka yobudala, ubunzima be-peristalis bu malunga ne-60 g, ekwindla kufinyelela ku-150-200 g.

Busika

Ekwindla, ngokuqala kwimozulu ebanda, ukuhlaselwa kwimeko ehlala kwindawo ezithule kunye nezolileyo. Ukungabikho kokutya kwezityalo kuyamqhubela ukuba afune ukuluhlu lwe-silt ukwenzela ukuhamba kwegazi. Ngo-Oktobha, kumacandelo emifula eneemitha ezinamandla kunye neengqungquthela, kuphantse kungenzeki. Indawo ephambili apho ubanda obuqhelekileyo buchithwa ebusika yizimbobo ezinzulu. Kuzo, uyazifihla ngoNovemba, xa imilambo iqala ukukhenkceza, kuze kube yintwasahlobo.

Kubaluleke koqoqosho

Akukho nzuzo yezorhwebo yenkangala. Isizathu kukuba kungekudala kungekudala kungabikho kwinani elikhulu. Ukongezelela, indlela yakhe yokuphila ephantsi neendawo zokuhlala yenza kube nzima ukubamba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-podst iba lixhoba le-angler engumdlali ophethe i-rod elula yokuloba. Kwiimbobo kunye nezinye izilungelelaniso ezifanayo, akazimisele ngokukodwa. Kodwa kunzima ukubamba inkunzi. Bambalwa abakho phakathi kwabalobi bezo ngcali ezibamba izibonda. Ukucoca kwesi ntlanzi kudinga ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kuyomelele kwaye kaninzi kuyaphula. Ukongezelela, kudinga ukutya okulungileyo ngokubanzi.

Inyama ye-bast isumnandi, i-dietetic, inemveliso ekhethekileyo. Pheka ngokukhawuleza emva kokubamba iintlanzi, kuba ipropati yonakalisa ngokukhawuleza.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Iintlobo ezingabonakaliyo, abemi bahlala behla kakhulu, ziqhelekileyo. I-Red Book yamazwe amaninzi aseYurophu kuqukwa kwintlu yeentlanzi ezisengozini. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokunciphisa inani leentlobo kukungcoliswa kwemifula eneentlobo zepilisi, amanzi aphantsi kwamanzi kunye namashishini. I-podust eqhelekileyo-intlanzi ekwazi ukusinda kuphela kumanzi acocekileyo. Ngako oko, igalelo ekulondolozeni ukucocwa komlambo, ukuthintela ukucwiliswa kwezizathu zokuzala, ukulima okubonakalayo kwezilwanyana ezincinane kunye nokukhululwa okulandelayo emanzini.