I-Red Book of kummandla Kostroma: izilwanyana kunye nezityalo

The Book Red - uxwebhu oluphambili, equlethe izinto malunga imeko yangoku ezinqabileyo ziintlobo ezisengozini zezityalo nezilwanyana kwihlabathi. Ngokusekelwe kwezi data lwenziwa ukuphuhlisa amanyathelo yenzululwazi nesisebenzayo nokhuselo nokuzala iisampulu ezinqongopheleyo.

Iincwadi Red ngamazinga ahlukeneyo (ngamazwe, kwisizwe kunye lommandla).

Red Book of the Russian Federation

Umsebenzi kwi Red incwadi Russia mihla yaphehlelelwa ngowe-1992, kodwa ke incwadi ngokwayo yapapashwa kuphela ngo-2001. Ukususela ngoko, oko yaqala ukubonakala zommandla Iincwadi Red Data ephathelele kuphela kwindawo ethile okanye elunxwemeni ethile. Ezi mpapasho siyasebenza Red Book of kummandla Kostroma. Izilwanyana nezityalo adweliswe kule nguqulelo kuchazelwe, unomdla ebantwini, kungekhona nje kummandla Kostroma, kodwa nabahlali Russian Federation.

Eli nqaku luluhlu emfutshane amarhamncwa Red Book of kummandla Kostroma, kwakunye uluhlu lwezityalo kunye neentaka. Inkcazelo emfutshane yodidi ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo ukukunceda uqonde ngcono ubuhle kunye nobungangamsha yohlobo domestic zehlabathi, ekufuneka alondolozwe akhuselwe.

indawo Kostroma

Kostroma Oblast ise emantla-mpuma European Russia. Le ibekwe ngaphakathi iinduli gquma, maxa wambi amathafa mgxobhozo.

Le ndawo idume amanzi alo. Ngomhla kummandla kummandla Kostroma kukho malunga namawaka amathathu imilambo, zombini ezinkulu nezincinane, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo lowo iVolga. Uninzi kwintsimi ngingqi ehlanganiswa amahlathi, ubukhulu becala coniferous. Ngoko ke, umntu engqondo sisityebi njani kwaye ezahlukeneyo yeyona enezityalo nezilwanyana le ndawo, ogama yokuhlala eyahlukileyo kangaka yaye inobuso ezininzi, kwaba kunye umlambo lesiphithiphithi yhuu, kunye nemisinga ezibhityileyo nzulu; le isityalo zamahlathi, kwaye nemiqolomba ezimanzi aluhlaza.

Zeziphi iintlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana ikhusela Red Book of kummandla Kostroma? Photo nenkcazo yayo iya kufakwa efayilini kweli nqaku.

Izilwanyana. ekuyo

Abameli izilwanyana kwingingqi Kostroma - abo kulungiselwe bona i amahlathi obutofotofo yokuhlala nenamathafa. Ngokutsho data ezisemthethweni, kuloo mmandla kukho mathathu anamanci asithoba anesithandathu ezinomqolo bafunda, asibhozo anesithandathu kuzo zithathwa ezinqabileyo okanye ezisengozini.

mmandla Animals Kostroma, ezidweliswe kwi-Book oluBomvu - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, iintaka kunye nezikrekrethi. Nangona kukho phakathi kwabo, yaye eziyingozi, njengoko ngoboya yaseYurophu.

Le ngoboya yaseYurophu - sisilwanyana esincancisayo lentsapho weasel. Uhlala kunxweme amanzi kunye kunxweme kakuhle izidanga, sene ingca kunye alders, wawutya intlanzi, yenamvuna kunye namasele. Ngamanye amaxesha usenokude bayondliwa iinkukhu.

Olona phawu olwahlula olu hlobo - swimming inwebu phakathi iinzwane. ngoboya ubude umzimba isusela ukusuka cm-28 ukuya 43, yaye ubunzima - ukusuka 550 ukuya 800

Le ngoboya yaseYurophu eyaziwa uboya bayo ezixabisekileyo, ngoko ke Red Book of kummandla Kostroma wenza isigqibo sokuba athathe phantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente. Kwathathwa inyathelo efanayo, kwaye elinye Red Book of Russia.

Izilwanyana. uluhlu short

Rare sengozini ekuyo kummandla Kostroma nazo ziquka:

iklasi Mammalian:

Ukususela umyalelo Insectivorous - muskrat Eliqhelekileyo kwaye American pygmy shrew.

Ukususela umyalelo Bat - noctule Red, ichibi ilulwane, bat elide-ekusasazweni, bi-umbala ngesikhumba kunye nabanye.

Of besikrekrethi - Siberian unomatse eziphaphazelayo, Sadovaya Sonya, imithi lemming, etc ...

Class Izirhubuluzi:

Ukususela umyalelo Isikali - Anguis fragilis nesanti necikilishe.

Ukususela umyalelo Snakes - copperhead Eliqhelekileyo.

Iklasi Amphibians:

Ukususela oda qiniseka, - intulo Siberian.

Ukususela umyalelo tailless - xoxo umlilo-bellied yaseYurophu, xoxo spadefoot eqhelekileyo, Marsh amasele , kwaye abaninzi, nabanye abaninzi.

Ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukuzingela kumazwe Kostroma, ulumke ekuqalekeni, funda iNcwadi oluBomvu, wena musa ngempazamo kutshabalalisa iintlobo ezibalulekileyo kunye ezisengozini.

Izilwanyana. Ekuyo. fish

Eli cebiso lisebenza kubo bonke abalobi kunye nabathandi kukujikeleza, kuba Red Book of kummandla Kostroma ukhusela nokuba intlanzi redkovstrechaemyh. Phakathi kwabo kufuneka ukhankanye grayling baseYurophu amajoni Salmoniformes.

grayling yaseYurophu - intlanzi amanzi losapho salmon, uye Umbala ingakumbi engaqhelekanga kwaye uhlala emanzini abandayo yaye ahlambuluke. ubude bayo ungakwazi ukufikelela-60 cm, kunye ubunzima - 6.5 kg. Grayling utya intlanzi, izigcawu, izilwanyana, izinambuzane, kunye neentlanzi nokuba ezincinane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba graylings aseYurophu ubuncwane ngevumba ekudleni (okanye ayo).

Kwingingqi Kostroma lokukhuselwa kunye nezinye iintlanzi amanzi: Sturgeon, Intlanzi Russian, Russian bystranka, Gorceac, induna vulgaris, kunye nabanye.

Izilwanyana. Ekuyo. iintaka

Ngubani omnye sikhusela Red Book of kummandla Kostroma? Izilwanyana ezifakwe kuluhlu, ngokuba kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo kunye ohlobo. Bebahle kakhulu kwaye encomekayo imbonakalo yazo, imikhwa kunye nendima engqongileyo.

Phakathi kwabo izilwanyana kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ephikweni-like. Omnye wabo kuthatha ngaphantsi nokukhuselwa Red Book of kummandla Kostroma? Bird okhankanywe kuwo - na, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ibutho Ciconiiformes, a ndlovu ezikhanyisayo yona Black weNgwamza.

Black stork - elihle intaka Umbala engaqhelekanga. Umsila wayo inombala osisityebi omnyama, wagaleleka kuyo imilenze ebomvu kunye ngomlomo zibonakala eliqaqambileyo ingakumbi kunye namandla.

Birds yendawo ehlathini, kufuphi namanzi, uphambuke abantu kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Feeds ekuyo ikakhulu ezincinane kunye ezingenamqolo (ngamanye amaxesha iimpuku, iinyoka namacilikishe).

Ubusika Black weNgwamza eMzantsi Asia. kukuchitha ayithandayo - inokubhabha Balekani, ngamaphiko-eagled. Izivingco Kanti nengwamza amantshontsho malunga nyanga, inzala livela ezimagqagala kunye nabanye. Kwezi nyanga ezimbini ezizayo, iintaka abadala ondle abantwana, belching ukutya.

Ezinye iintaka, ekhankanya Olubomvu Book of kummandla Kostroma (kwaye kukho ubuncinane amahlanu), nazo amahle ngokwaneleyo wafunda, kwakunye Black weNgwamza. Okokuqala, lo Grey nguHeron kunye Little lokhwalimanzi, zaselwandle Swan kunye Goose Red-breast, Golden Eagle kunye Mfutshane-Umbala Eagle, merlin kunye oystercatcher, Drozdovidnaya iprofayile kunye HAWFINCH, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Izilwanyana. ezingenamqolo

I-Red Book of kummandla Kostroma iqulathe uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezingenamqolo, kufuneka ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo. Apho kukho iintlobo ezingamashumi amathathu anesibhozo. Ezi ziquka yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe ethile (iimbaza okuqhelekileyo shinyi bavele iimbaza emlanjeni), ezineqokobhe (Spring schiten, Summer schiten, Astacus leptodactylus), laba (Green uninakhulu, ubuhle brilliant, Lütke-Uphunguphungu), Ooqongqothwane (OWAYEBEKA isiJamani, Marble chafer, libanzi beetle) , Hymenoptera (ezinde Big sawfly, avareji oonomeva, inyosi enkulu enoboya Ground) kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Izilwanyana. amabhabhathane

Kakade ke, phantsi nokukhuselwa karhulumente bawa kunye amabhabhathane ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo - yiswallowtail.

Yiswallowtail - ngosuku elithandekayo ibhabhathane lentsapho lepidoptera. ngesini yayo yangaphambili ezihonjiswe eqaqambileyo njengezivatho engaqhelekanga - namabala amnyama kunye wachuba iindawo, ngokunjalo umda olubanzi emnyama. A amaphiko bakhulise abe ipateni emangalisa: amabala blue natyheli zongeza iliso kubomvu-mdaka, engqongwe mtshato abamnyama. Chopho olu hlobo ibhabhathane unako ukufikelela 81 mm amadoda kunye nabasetyhini-94 mm.

Yiswallowtail saliphilela basike yolwazi eziindidi ngeendidi, ekwimiphetho ihlathi kunye clearings, roadsides nasemifuleni.

Iimazi zibeka amaqanda yiswallowtail, zindanda emoyeni, phezu zisecaleni izikhondo okanye elingaphantsi amagqabi izityalo mkhosi, nto leyo inokuba inkomo parsnip, idile, parsley, alder Maksimovic, girchovnitsa, fraxinella mohnatoplodny kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngenxa yoku, eli lokwanda amabhabhathane baboniswa kulitshabalalisa enkulu ngenxa yomlilo, kukucheba ingca, imfuyo kunye bemnyathela amadlelo bya.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle neentlobo ezizodwa zezilo kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, Kakade ke, zifakiwe kunye nabameli zehlabathi izityalo.

Flora. iintyatyambo

Izityalo ye-Red Book of kummandla Kostroma ekhethekileyo ngokwenene. Bona Wababulala ebuhleni zabo sikhethekileyo, ubuhle engaqhelekanga emibalabala.

Okokuqala, kuza amabini entlobo ntlobo iqhume befu- usapho buttercup, ukuba iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe elinesihlanu sedge kunye nengca. Phakathi iintlobo enjalo kweentyatyambo nezityalo aqholiweyo, kukhankanywa kufuneka eyenziwe onamaqhakuva calypso.

Calypso itswele - isityalo ongatshiyo herbaceous yentsapho orchid, umi ngenxa intyantyambo yayo angaqhelekanga ezintle. Le intyatyambo enkulu kunye aqholiweyo kunye ngembobo intloko ayafika ubude nama-1.5 cm, kwaye intetho edyojiweyo sac (malunga nama-2 cm). umlomo njengesilinda yezihlangu, apho emazantsi imiqadi amathathu iinwele eliqaqambileyo omthubi.

Icalypso kweentyatyambo lwenzeka ngoMeyi noJuni, yaye fruiting - ngoJulayi nango-Agasti.

Autumn wathwala igqabi utshintsho intyatyambo, ngoko wambu ikhephu ne nangoku igqabi entsha eluhlaza, nto leyo ibonisa imvelaphi yimvula calypso onamaqhakuva.

Flora. nezinye izityalo

Izityalo ummandla Kostroma, ezidweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, ayiphelelanga nje imibala. Kwakhona ziquka Ulele (Lobar kwemiphunga), ulele obomvu (Batrahospermum ngamaso), ubulembu (Sphagnum Bog, Gomaliya trihomanovidnaya, Dikranum lomkolisty), kwakunye eminye imithi kunye namatyholo. Okokuqala, akukho - Loparskaya Willow, Willow chernikovidnaya, ezinde ezincinanana kunye ezinde ezibanzi.

ilungelo ezithathiweyo uhlobo ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu amathandathu zezityalo eziphilayo zezityalo. Phakathi kwabo, kukhankanywa kufuneka senziwe a flora echumayo ezifana crowberry abamnyama.

black Crowberry (okanye Shiksha black) - yinto Heather usapho encinane evergreen ityholwana. Ikhula kakhulu ezinkulu, ematyholweni crowberry afumaneka kwiindawo ezilulwalwa, kwakunye kumahlathi coniferous nenamathafa kunye neendunduma.

Amasebe namatyholo abe umbala oluhlaza, omdaka, nokuba zifuna ukuba ngqombela, kunye neentyatyambo abe pink ezibuhlazarha, okanye umbala obomvu-purple. Autumn crowberry iziqhamo drupe abamnyama ngaphaya kwawo apho amayeza kunye zesondlo.

Ixabiso le ncwadi

Njengoko sibonile, i-Red Book of kummandla Kostroma - lo ngumba obaluleke kakhulu nanomdla. Zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso eqaqambileyo kunikwa inkcazo emfutshane kunye nolwazi malunga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo esengozini, uya kuthabatha indawo yayo efanelekileyo kwithala lakho kwaye akuncede ujoyine mission ofanelekileyo nolungileyo - ulondolozo kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.