I indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean: inkcazelo, iimpawu. Indian Ocean kwimephu

Ikhosi School of yekharityhulam yeJografi ibandakanya isifundo kwezi ndawo inkulu amanzi - ulwandle. Le isihloko umdla ngokwaneleyo. Abafundi ukuba mnandi ukulungiselela iingxelo zakhe Izicatshulwa. Eli nqaku liza siyakuchaza ulwazi achaza indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean, iimpawu zayo neempawu. Ngoko ke masiqale nabazana.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye-Indian Ocean

Isikali kunye nenani imithombo yamanzi Indian Ocean kuba lula ukufikelela kwi ndawo yesithathu, ukunika indlela eya Pacific kunye Atlantic. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo ise kwi-Southern saseNtla umhlaba wethu enzelwe yayo yendalo yile:

• Emazantsi Eurasia ukuya emntla.
• kunxweme East Afrika ukuya ngasentshona.
• Unxweme wasentla kunye kumntla-ntshona we Australia empumalanga.
• Inxalenye esemntla le Antarctic engasezantsi.

Ukuze ukhankanye kwindawo eyiyo ngokwejiyografi i-Indian Ocean, kuya kufuneka imephu. Kwakhona ingasetyenziswa ngexesha ntetho. Ngoko ke, indawo amanzi uququzelelo zilandelayo kwi kwimephu yehlabathi: 14 ° 05'33.68 "inkululeko emzantsi kunye 76 ° 18'38.01" empuma.

Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, ingqalelo ulwandle okokuqala ngokuthi i Indian kumsebenzi we-nzulu Portuguese S. Munster ebizwa ngokuba "Cosmography", eyapapashwa ngo-1555.

feature

Zizonke indawo ye-Indian Ocean , kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke kweelwandle, kubandakanywa ukwakheka yayo, ilingana 76.174.000 square metres. km, ubunzulu (avareji) ingaphezulu kwe-3.7 amawaka. mitha, kwaye ubuninzi sabhalwa kwinqanaba kweemitha ngaphezu 7700.

I indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean uneempawu zawo. Ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu, ke bambalwa a imozulu. Kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo ubungakanani kummandla kwamanzi. Umzekelo, ububanzi obukhulu phakathi bay Linde kunye Torosova lexinene. Ibanga ukusuka empuma kuye entshona imalunga 12 lamawaka. Km. Xa sijonga ulwandle ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, kuvezwa inkulu ivela Cape of Ras-Judd ukuya Antarctica. Lo mgama ilingana 10.2 amawaka. Km.

iimpawu amanzi

Ngokufunda le indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele imida yayo. Okokuqala, siphawula ukuba ummandla wamanzi yonke na ikhweyitha mpuma. Zathabathela kwiphiko lasekunene-ntshona oko erhangqwe i-Atlantic Ocean. Ukuze ubone le ndawo kwimaphu, kufuneka ufumane i-20 ° okuyi kulo. d. Umda Pacific Ocean emzantsi-mpuma. Udlula ° 147 entshonalanga. d. Kunye Arctic Ocean Indian akuxelwa. umda walo ukuya entla kwilizwekazi inkulu - Asia.

Ubume ngaselunxwemeni unalo omzimba buthathaka. Kukho ezininzi iindawo ezinkulu neelwandle-8. Islands ambalwa. Eyona inkulu - eSri Lanka, Seychelles, kurią-Muria, Madagascar kunye nabanye.

nentaba bottom

akayi kuba epheleleyo iimpawu indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean ukuba akazange acinge ukuba awohluke le isiqabu.

Central Indian Ridge - an ukuyilwa kwamanzi ibuthumileyo ngundoqo ndawo. Ubude bayo 2.3 amawaka. Km. Ububanzi ukuyilwa uncedo phakathi km 800. Height lomqolo - .. Ngaphezu kwewaka leemitha Ezinye iincopho ezivelileyo ukusuka emanzini ukwenza kwisiqithi mlilo.

Ntshonalanga Indian Ridge ise kwinxalenye ekumzantsi-ntshona yolwandle. Apha kukho ukwanda ziintshukumo zenyikima. Ubude Ridge -. 4 amawaka km. Kodwa ke ezincinane ububanzi ngeenxa kwisiqingatha yangaphambili.

Arabhu-Indian Ridge - ngaphansi uncedo Ukwakheka. Le ise kwinxalenye yomntla-ndawo. Ubude bayo lingaphantsi kancinane kwama-4 amawaka km kwaye ububanzi -. 650 km. Xa sedatha (malunga. Rodriguez) ophuma kwi-Central Indian Ridge.

Emazantsi Indian Ocean yenziwa neetyuwa Cretaceous. Kwezinye iindawo Ebubanzini ukuya ku-3 km. Emkhombeni sinzulu linobude malunga 4500 km ubude, ububanzi balo bahluka ukususela km-10 ukuya ku-50. Wabiza Isi-Javanese. emhadini ubunzulu - 7729 m (inani liphezulu Indian Ocean).

features zezulu

Enye meko ibalulekileyo ekubunjweni yemozulu na indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean ngeenxa-ikhweyitha. Iluthe amanzi ibe ngamaqela amabini (inkulu ise yelasezantsi ke leyo). Ngokwendalo, oku lungiselelo uchaphazela ukuhla kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nemvula. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ebhalwe amanzi oLwandle oluBomvu kunye nePersian Gulf. Kukho i-avareji yamanqaku ukuya +35 ° C. Kwaye kwindawo yomzantsi ubushushu angehla - 16 ° C ebusika yaye ehlotyeni ukuya degrees -4.

Inxalenye esemntla olwandle kukuba kwindawo kwimozulu eshushu, ngoko ke amanzi ayo aphakathi kunayo yonke elwandle. Apha ikakhulu kuchatshazelwa yi kwilizwekazi Asia. Ngenxa nemeko ekuyiyo ngoku kwinxalenye esemantla kukho kuphela amaxesha amabini - i ulophu lemvula ehlotyeni obuzolileyo ebusika hayi obubandayo. Ngokumalunga izowuni sentshinyela, amanzi kule nxalenye yemozulu ihlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo kulo nyaka.

Ngenxa indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nxalenye inkulu ubethwa nomoya. Kule sinokugqiba ukuba kwemozulu abunjwe ikakhulu ngenxa zemvula. iindawo kumiswa kunye noxinzelelo eliphantsi ehlotyeni phezu komhlaba naphezu kolwandle - phezulu. Ngeli xesha, i zemvula umanzi uye ulwalathiso oluvela entshona ukuya empuma. Ebusika, le meko itshintsha, yaye ke iqala kulawula zemvula owomileyo, ophuma empumalanga nasentshonalanga neshukumayo.

Kwimozulu lasemzantsi indawo kakhulu ngakumbi amanzi njengoko iza kuxhomekeka kummandla Arctic. Apha, olwandle ichaphazela kufuphi Antarctica. Kufuphi nonxweme i komndilili weqondo lobushushu lizwekazi busisigxina malunga -1,5 ° C, kwaye ice umda ukubagcina ifikelela 60 ° ngaxeshanye.

Ngamafuphi

I indawo okuyo ye-Indian Ocean - ngumba obaluleke kakhulu ukuba kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Ngenxa yobukhulu kunokuba omkhulu ummandla wamanzi kwindawo ezininzi iimpawu. Ezikwunxweme kwamanani enkulu akubikho nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha, amachweba, akaphumelelanga, nezixhobo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele, kwaye iziqithi ezifana eMadagascar, Socotra, Maldives. Bona iindawo zehlabathi lamandulo. Kwaye Andaman, Nicobar nesuka-mlilo ifike kumphezulu.

Wabancina kwisiphakamiso, umfundi ngamnye uza kukwazi ukunikela intetho efundisayo kunye umdla.