I-Discography: yintoni na. Ukufunda ngezingane

Mhlawumbi, abafundi badibanisa igama elithi "ukuhlaziya". Iyintoni na, njani ibonakala? Ingaba i-dysgraphy isifo, kwaye ungayilahla njani? Sizakuzama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo kule nqaku.

Inkcazelo ye-dysgraphia kunye ne-dyslexia

Amagama athi "dysgraphia" kunye ne "dyslexia" kwipilisi ibonisa iingxaki ezithile ngokubhala nokufunda izakhono. Umntu kwiimeko ezinjalo, ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, akakwazi ukubhala ngokufanelekileyo okanye ufunde kakuhle. Enyanisweni, oku kuphulwa akufanele kudibaniswe kunye neengcali zezokwelapha ezifana ne-agraphy kunye ne-alexia, ebonisa ukuba isiguli singakwazi ukufikelela kule mi sebenzi.

Njengomthetho, ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo kubonisa ukuphulwa komsebenzi ophezulu wengqondo, uxanduva lokubhala izakhono. Oku kuvame ukuba ngumqobo omkhulu ekufundiseni nasekufundiseni ulwimi.

Izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kweengcambu kubantwana

Ukuze urekhole isivakalisi esivelayo, umntu makangayikhumbuli kuphela umyalelo wokubhala iinkcukacha zeleta nganye, kodwa gcina ukulandelelana kwamagama kunye nokukhumbula ngokuchazwa kwabo. Ukuba umntwana uphazamisekile ngokwahlukileyo kwezandi, ekuhambeni kwawo, ukuhlalutya, ukuxubusha okanye ukubonakaliswa kwendawo, oko kuthetha ukuba unokuqala ukuphuhlisa i-dysgraphy.

Phakathi kwabantwana, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphulwa okunjalo kunokuba kubekwe ngokusemthethweni. Abaphandi abaninzi abahlola iimbangela zele ngxaki bakholelwa ukuba uphuhliso lwayo luye lwachaphazela kakhulu izinto ezichaphazelekayo ezichaphazela umntwana osesibelekweni nasemva kokuzalwa.

Ukongezelela, izifo ze-somatic zexesha elide kunye nokulimala kwentloko kunokubekwe entliziyweni ye-discography. Inendima ebalulekileyo iphinda idlalwe yintlupheko yokunxibelelana kwentetho, ukunyanzelwa kwakhe kokufundisa, njl njl. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba amaninzi amaninzi ekudatshulwa kwabantwana abhalwe kwakhona kwiintsapho ezimbini.

Ukuhlambalaza: yintoni na, kwaye ichaza ntoni?

Umntwana ojongene nokulahla i-dysgraphy, njengomgaqo, ufumanisa nzima ukwenza ukulandelelana kweenkcukacha zeleta, ebangela ukuba ukunciphisa ukukhawuleza kwegama lokubhala okanye umntu ongafundile, kodwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ngamanye amaxesha imbangela yokutshatyalaliswa kwesifo se-dysgraphy kukuphulwa kwikhono lokwenza ulwazi olubonakalayo - abantwana bakunzima ukukhumbula baze baphinde baveliswe kwincwadi. Kwimeko apho abahlukiyo ezinye izandi ngendlebe, kukho ukudideka xa kubhaliwe.

Impawu zo boniso

I-Discography kubantwana ibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo ngokubhala iileta ezikwimeko echanekileyo , umzekelo, khupha esikhundleni sekhohlo, okanye ukweqa iileta ngelizwi elifutshane: km esikhundleni se- com , njl njl. Ngexesha apho iimpazamo zesiqhelo eziqhelekileyo zigcinwa ngokubhalwa kweencwadi kwindawo ebuthathaka: i- malaco endaweni yobisi , njl njl.

Ukongeza:

• Umntwana akaphosi kuphela iileta kunye neelwimi, kodwa kwakhona uzilungise kwakhona kwiindawo ( onko endaweni yefestile );
• Unokufaka endaweni yamagama ngokufana nesandi;
• Udibanisa kwigama elongezelelweyo kunye neelwimi ( abantwana, komanata );
• Ukwahlukana nomfanekiso ocacileyo wencwadi (umzekelo, iileta zeleta c, e, ubhala kwisibuko);
• Awukwazi ukuhlula phakathi kweentonononi ezibiniweyo (ngokuba uyayilungisa ngokufanayo b-n okanye v -f );
• Iimpazamo azivumelayo, zibonakalise zihlala zihlala ixesha elide, zingabonakali kwinkqubo yokufunda.

Yonke le miqondiso ifanele ibe yinto ekhuthazayo kubazali, bekrokre ukuba umntwana wabo unokuxilongwa, ngokukhawuleza bafune iingcebiso kwi-traductor speech.

Iifom ezisisiseko zokulahla

Ngokuxhomekeka kwiingxaki ezibonakalisiweyo, i-dysgraphia iyahlula kwiifom ezininzi.

Ngoko, kukho ukuchaneka kwe-acoustic dysgraphy, echaphazelekayo ngokubhekiselele kwimvelaphi yekhwalithi ephilileyo. Umntwana, njengomthetho, ngexesha elifanayo ubhala amagama njengoko akhankanyayo, umzekelo: lyba endaweni yentlanzi okanye ulungele ukwenza ingxolo esikhundleni.

I-discography ye-acoustic ibonakaliswa ngokufaka endaweni yezandi ezifanayo kwisandi ekubhaliseni iileta ( d-t, i-s-s, i-sh , njl njl.). Intetho yakhe yomlomo ilungile.

I-dysgraphy enobudlelwane ibonakala kwiingxaki ngokulungelelaniswa kwamagama. Kodwa kuyathakazelisa ukuba oku kwenzeka kuphela kwinkulumo ebhaliweyo, kodwa umntwana uthetha ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, unokubhala ngaphandle kokuqwalasela uhlobo okanye uhlobo: umama olungileyo okanye isitrato . Ngendlela, olu hlobo lophulo lufumaneka ngokubanzi kwibakala lesi-3, xa abantwana besikolo baqala ukufunda amacala.

Kukho ne-optical dysgraphy, ebonisa ukuphulwa kohlalutyo olubonakalayo. Umntwana kule meko ayiboni ukubahluko phakathi kweleta ezinezinto ezifanayo zokupela. Ingxaki ibangelwa ngu-L no-N, kunye no-P, L, N okanye i-E kunye no-3 kunye nokunye okunjalo. Kwiphepha elibhalwe ngesandla ngesandla kwiileta ezifanayo: pt, vd, lm, ih, nabanye.

Kodwa ulwaphulo oluqhelekileyo oluhlalutyo lweelwimi kunye nokwabelana. Umntwana akakwazi ukufaka amagama, ubhale izibhengezo kunye kunye neziqendu ngokulandelanayo ( xa uhamba , uzibandakanya ), unyuke iileta kunye neelwimi zonke, utshintshe ngeendawo okanye uphinde.

Ngaba i-dysgraphia isifo esizimeleyo, kwaye ingakukhuselwa?

Ingatsho ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuthetha ngokuxilongwa "kwe-dysgraphia", ukuba akusiyo isifo esizimeleyo, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo sihamba kunye neentsholongwane zendalo, ukuva, izithuthi, i-auditor or analyzer.

Ubungqina bokuthintela le ngxaki kusengumbuzo ovulekile. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuthintela i-dysgraphia akunakwenzeka, kuba kusetyenziswa unyango lwangoku akukho ukuqonda okucacileyo kwezizathu zezifo. Kodwa kuyinyani ngokwenene ukuchonga umngcipheko we-dysgraphy okanye iimpawu zayo zokuqala ngaphambi kokungena esikolweni, ezinokukunceda kakhulu ukulwa nalo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubandakanya abantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezimbini, abafundiswa ngokutsha, abantwana abanephulo lokuveliswa kwezandi, kunye nokuxinwa kunye nenkumbulo. Abantwana abanjalo bafanele babonise intetho yeengcali kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo oluzodwa kunye nabo ukuze bakwazi ukuqala ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza.

Sinokujamelana njani neentloni

Ukulungiswa kwe-dysgraphy ngowokuqala, umsebenzi odibeneyo wabazali, ootitshala kunye neengcali zokuthetha ngentetho, kuba uMama noTata kuphela abayi kukwazi ukusombulula le ngxaki.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukuba umntwana unophulaphulo entetho yomlomo, ngoko ukulungiswa kwesifo sokudibanisa kuqala kuqala ngokulungiswa kwegama!

Iiklasi kwiprogram yentetho echitha imali kwinkqubo ephuhlisiweyo. Kule nto, imidlalo yentetho eyahlukeneyo isetyenzisiweyo, kunye ne-alfabhethi ekhethekileyo yamagama okulandelela kunye nokugqamisa izixhobo zabo zegrama.

Umntwana kwinkqubo yokufunda kufuneka afunde ukuba izandi ezithile zithethwa njani, kwaye yiziphi iileta ezihambelana nazo. Uthetheli wolwazi usebenza nomntwana ukuba ahlule phakathi kokubakho kolukhuni kunye noluthambileyo okanye olusisithulu kunye nolwabantwana olusisigxina, owakhuphayo, olukhethayo ngokwezandi ezinikeziweyo, ukuhlalutya umxholo kunye nokubhala kwileta yamagama akhethiweyo, njl njl.

Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana bancedwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukukhumbula ngeencwadana zeencwadi, umzekelo: "O" - umrhumo okanye i-hoop, "F" - i-beetle, "C" yinyanga.

I-Discography: Ukuzilungisa

Ukuphumelela ngokuphumelelayo le ngxaki, kukho iinombolo ezizodwa zokuzivocavoca.

1. Umzekelo, umntwana unikezelwa ukuba akhethe ezinye iileta ezibhalwe phantsi. Kule njongo, isicatshulwa esinomtsalane kumntwana onomlinganiselo omncinane wemihlathi kunye nefonti enkulu ekhethiweyo, apho kucetyiswa ukuba uphume ngamazwi, umzekelo, zonke iileta "a", zonke iileta "o" njalonjalo. Ngethuba lemini, lo msebenzi uchithe ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5. Emva kweveki, unokwenza umsebenzi: umntwana unikezelwa ukunika iileta ezi-2, ngelixa elinye liza kuphuma, elinye lize lichaze okanye ligxininise. Khetha iileta "ezibiniweyo", ezo zidibanisa umntwana xa ubhala (ziyakuthi zifumaneke ngokuphonononga iincwadi zokusebenzela zabafundi).
2. Qinisekisa ukubiza amagama xa ubhala, uqaphele izandi ezingabonakaliyo njengoko zibhalwa. Okokuthi, sitsho: " Kwintsimbi, kufshyn, " kwaye xa ebhala phantsi, umntwana kufuneka athi: "NDAKWENZA IQUEEN" (ukubiza ezo ncwadi zibhalwa). Into ephambili ayiyikulibala "ilizwi" kwaye iphelisa igama, ekubeni i-discography yabantwana besikolo ibonakala rhoqo ngamazwi angagqibekanga kuze kube sekupheleni.
3. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeqesha ukubhala ngesandla. Ukwenza oku, kwincwadi yencwadana, cela umntwana ukuba abhale ukuze ileta nganye yegama ifakwe kuphela kwelinye leeseli kwaye lizalise konke.

Amagama ambalwa malunga nendlela ye-EV Mazanova

Ogqwesileyo uchaze umsebenzi kunye nabantwana abaxilongwa ngokuba ne "dysgraphia", uMazanova EV emsebenzini wabo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo. Kulowo nalowo kubo, umphathiswa othetha ngentetho yoluhlu oluphezulu luveliswe incwadi enemifanekiso enenjongo kunye nemibala kunye nama-albhamu. Iinkqubo zale mbhali zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngabachwephesha kwizifundo ezizenzekelayo kunye nokuzisa, ukugweba ngokuphononongwa, impumelelo ebonakalayo.

Ngokomzekelo, uMazanova ubonisa ukuba abantwana bafanele bakhuthazwe ukuba bawabethe kwi-plastiki, babhale emoyeni, baqhekeze umgca ogqityiweyo, zama ukufumana ukungafani kwimiyalezo efana neyona ndlela, thola ileta ethile ngokugqithisa imifanekiso emininzi, kunye njalo njalo.

Kodwa, nangona kubonakala ukufikeleleka kunye nokulula kwamacandelo okuphuhliswa ukulungisa isicatshulwa, ndifuna kwakhona ukubonisa abazali ukuba kungenangqiqo ukubandakanya umsebenzi ozimeleyo ngaphandle kokubonisana rhoqo kunye neengcali kunye nomntwana obandezelekayo kule ngozi. Uza kulahleka ixesha elixabisekileyo kwaye ufumane iziphumo ezincinci!

Iingcebiso ezimbalwa zabazali

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-dysgraphia, musa ukumgxeka ngeempazamo zakhe, ungamphoqeleli ukuba aphinde abhale kwakhona umbhalo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngaphandle koko uza kufezekisa kuphela ukungakhuselekanga komntwana ngamandla akhe nendawo ekungathandabuyo ngokubhala nokufunda. Qiniseka ukuba udumise umntwana wakho kuyo yonke impumelelo, kodwa ungadlulanga-udumo. Ukongezelela, ungabonakali inkxalabo enzulu malunga neengxaki eziye zavela, ukwenzela ukuba ungaphuhlisi umqondo wokungaphantsi komntwana.

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuxilongwa "kwe-dysgraphia" ukuba le nto ihlala yimeko apho imemori ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ikhula (njengokuba kufakwe isiphako), ngoko ke abantwana abafanelanga ukuba banikezwe ukusetyenziswa apho iimpazamo kufuneka zilungiswe ekuqaleni. Oku kunokwenza umntwana "uhlalise".

Ukunyanzeliswa kwezi ziko kubhaliwe ngokukhawuleza, ngokubhengezwa kwazo zonke iileta kunye neempawu zokubhala iimpawu zokubhala ngaphambi kokuqala kwencwadi, kwaye ngelo xesha.

Ukulumkisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-dysgraphia kuyimfuneko nakwixesha lokufunda

Abazali kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-dysgraphia kunye ne-dyslexia ayifumaneki ngokukhawuleza! Kwaye umsebenzi wokuqeda le pathologi akufanele iqhutywe esikolweni esikolweni, xa umntwana uya kuba neengxaki ezithile ngegrama kunye nokupeliswa, nokuba kude kube nokuqala koqeqesho.

Ukuba umntwana unamanqaku amaninzi kunye neempazamo kwi-notebook, kwaye yena, nangona wafunda ngentliziyo umgaqo, akakwazi ukuwusebenzisa kwileta, kubalulekile ukuphendukela kwiprogram yomlomo. Kwizifundo zokuqala uza kugqiba uhlobo lwe-dysgraphia, iimpawu zokuhamba kwayo kumntwana wakho, kwaye ke unike kuphela isethi yokuzivocavoca ukuyiqeda.

Iimpazamo ukuba abantwana abanjalo bayavuma azikwazi ukunqotshwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhethekileyo. Lungiselela ukuba le akuyona indlela elula, eya kufuna umonde wakho kunye nokunyamezela ukulwa neengxaki. Inhlanhla!