I-Copper hydroxide

Ubhedu (II) i-hydroxide ihlanganisi yikhristal eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ingaba nesakhiwo se-amorphous (powdery). Ayingenawo emanzini, ukubhaliswa kwephepha lokukhuseleka kuyimilinganiso. I-formula yeekhemikhali yeso sityalo yiCu (OH) ₂, isiseko esibuthathaka, esivame ukufunyanwa ngenxa yesenzo esomeleleyo kwizaliti zethusi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sidibaniso kubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yamakhemikhali kunye noshishino. Ngaloo ndlela, i-copper hydroxide isetyenziswe njengengxenye ye-pigmenting ekwakheni iiglasi, iimveliso zeekheram ezisetyenziswe ngobunjineli kunye neengubo zokugcoba, i-glazes. Iipropati ze-pigmentation ze-compound zisetyenziselwa ngempumelelo ekuveleni kweepeyinti ezixhatshazelisayo ezisetyenziselwa ukufaka izicelo kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zamanqanawa nakwii-submarines, kuba le nto inqanda ukuhluthwa kwamanzi angaphantsi kwamanqanawa ngama-algae kunye nezinye izinto ezisemanzini ezonakalisa izakhiwo zentsimbi yeenqanawa.

Amathemba amakhulu avulelwe ngokusetyenziswa kwesi salo kwishishini lamandla kagesi kunye nekhompyutha. Nantsi ingaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yethekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-high-temperature conductor. Ukongezelela, isicelo sebunjineli kagesi sele sevivinywe ngokwaneleyo kwiklasi yezobugcisa.

Empeleni kwimveliso yamakhemikhali, i-hydroxide yobhedu iyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendlela yokuthinteka kweekhemikhali. Ukongezelela, unokubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto, ezifana nokulungiswa kwemifuno edibeneyo yemfuyo, ukuveliswa kwamacandelo amabakala ahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa okukhenkethiweyo (imibala).

Nangona udidi lokukhuseleko alubhekiseli kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi kakhulu kunye neyingozi, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo athile okuqapha xa usebenza nayo. Okokuqala, oku kubhekisela kwimigangatho yokugcinwa kwezinto kunye nokukhuselwa kwamatyala okuchithwa kwawo kwindawo evulekile. Ukuba oku kwenzekayo, kufuneka kuthatyathwe amanyathelo okukhawuleza ukuba ahlukanise indawo yecoda kwaye asuse i-hydroxide kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Njengoko ifomula ibonisa, i-copper hydroxide iyinxalenye ye-alkaline. Ngako oko, zonke izinto ezikhoyo kunye nezithembisayo zokusetyenziswa kwazo zibangelwa kwiimpawu ze-alkaline.

Ngaphambi kokuba uphendule umbuzo wendlela yokufumana i-hydroxide yobhedu, kufuneka kukhutshwe ukuba kukho iindidi ezinjalo.

Cinga ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo.

I-Copper hydroxide ingatholakala kwi-sulfate yayo. Le nkunkuma ingumququ omhlophe oncibilikayo wamanzi kunye nesakhiwo sekristallini. I-formula yekhemikhali yayo yi-CuSO . Ukuba le nto, ebizwa ngokuba yi- copper sulfate, iyachithwa emanzini, unokufumana yonke i- sulfate eyaziwa ngobhedu. Emva koko, ukuba i-alkali yongezwa kule nkombululo, ukuphendula kuya kwenzeka ngexesha i-Cu (OH) ₂ ikhutshwa njenge - blue precipitate .

Kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-hydroxide kwisibetri (II) i-nitrate, into eyisikristallini engenawo umbala, kunye neCommer formula Cu (NO₃) . Ukuba uyenzela impendulo ye-hydroxide, ithusi (II) nitrate kufuneka ifakwe kwisisombululo se-NaOH. Umgca wemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyimfuneko ye-copper hydroxide.

Indlela eqhelekileyo yokufumana le nkunkuma kukusetyenziswa kweethusi (II) i-chloride kule njongo, ene-formulaCCC . Ukuvelisa i-hydroxide, i powder ephuzi, engumkloridi we-copper, kufuneka ichitheke kwisixa esithile se-alkali. Kwindlela yokuphendula okunjalo, amakristal ephuzi alala, kwaye esikhundleni sabo sinyanzelo esifanayo se-blue hue, Cu (OH) выпа, iyawa.