I-Admiral Canaris: i-biography. Ukuhlola i-Admiral Canaris

Omnye wezikhulu zeengcali zengqondo zaseJamani ngu-Admiral Canaris. I-biografi yakhe yinto engacacanga. Kukho iingcamango ezingakumbi malunga nale ndoda kunokuba kukho amaxwebhu anokunyaniseka ngokucacileyo malunga nendlela ahlala ngayo, indlela ayenze ngayo ngokucacileyo ukusebenza kwakhe, kutheni yena, ukukhangela ngelota enkulu, wayephelile ubomi bakhe emgodini.

Isiqalo somendo wesisombululo esicacileyo se-Third Reich

UFriedrich Wilhelm Canaris wazalwa edolophini elincinane kufuphi neDortmund, e-Anlerbek, ngo-1887. Waya kufundelwa kwiNavy Cadet Corps, awayeyifumene nayo njengomloli wenkundla. Wayeyindoda elincinci elincinci, umgijimi onamandla. Amakhono akhethekileyo awawubonisayo ekufundeni iilwimi zasemzini, kwaye kwakuncedo kuye.

Ekupheleni kwesigqeba, uLieutenant Canaris wasuka kwi-cruiser Bremen kwinqwelo ye-sea. Kwafuneka afunde inkcubeko, indlela yokuphila kunye nokuziphatha kwezizwe zaseMzantsi Afrika. Emva koko kwinqanawa ethi "Dresden" - kunye nePeninsula yaseBalkan. Umsebenzi we-Canaris kwakukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nokwakhiwa komzila womzila. Enyanisweni, kwaba yinto yokuqala yokuhlola. I-future admiral Canaris yakwazi ukuqaphela ngokuchanekileyo imfuneko, qulunqa oonxibelelwano nabasemagunyeni basekhaya, baqeshwe abacebisi. Kodwa emva kwesinye isiqhelo kunye neBrithani, umkhumbi wawukhukhumezekile, kwaye iqela lakhe lafunyanwa.

Ebuyela ezweni lakubo i-Canaris wayekwazi ukubuyela kuphela ngepasipoti yase-Chile ekhohlisayo, ngoko ngoku wayebizwa ngokuthi ngu Ros-Rosas. Kodwa ngowe-1916 waphinde wafika eSpeyin ukuba aphumelele ukuqashwa kweentlola, ukulungelelanisa ukuxotsha, ukuqhuba iinqanawa zeentshaba.

Inkonzo ye-Canaris yangaphambili

Ngomnyaka we-1918, i-Canaris yathatha inxaxheba ekunciphiseni ukuvukela kwamaKhomanisi eBerlin, yahlela ukubulawa kweLuxembourg kunye neLiebknecht.

Ukususela ngo-1919, uMbutho weNavy uye waba ngumncedisi entloko ye-Admirally kwisebe.

Ngomnyaka we-1924, i-Canaris yaphakanyiswa ukuba ibe ngumphathi wecandelo lesithathu. Wathunyelwa eJapan ukuze asombulule ingxabano eyayivela nokwakhiwa kweenqanawa zaseJapan.

Ngowe-1930 waqeshwa njengomphathi wabaphathi baseNorth Sea base. Ngomnyaka we-1931 wanyuswa ukuba abe ngumphathi wezinga lokuqala.

Canaris isekela umgaqo kaHitler. Ngomnyaka we-1935 waqeshwa njengomphathi weengcali zokulwa.

Ngowe-1938 waqhutyelwa ukuba abe yi-Admirals ezisezantsi. Waqaphela ubukroti bombuso kaHitler, kodwa uququzelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuxotsha e-Austria, eCzechoslovakia nasePoland.

Intsapho kaWilhelm Canaris

Ngomnyaka we-1918, i-Canaris yaza ngasemzantsi kweJamani, apho ngelo xesha kwakunokuthula. Ukuba wayengumgqwenkqo oqhelekileyo, wayekholelwa ukuba intsapho eqinile iyisiseko somphakathi ophilileyo. Umfazi waseCanaris nguErica Vaaga. Wayesazi kakuhle ubugcisa, wadlala i-violin, wayenemfundo ephakamileyo. U-Erica wazala iintombi ezimbini ezihle.

Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba abanjwe, u-Canaris wathumela intsapho yakhe phesheya, okokuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, yabasindisa ekuhlambuleni.

Imisebenzi ye-Canaris ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini

UFriedrich wasekela umgaqo-nkqubo we-anti-Soviet kaHitler. I-Ofisi ye-Admiral Canaris yaqiniseka ukuba ekuqaleni kwe-1941 iJamani yayilungiselela ukuhlasela eBrithani, kungekhona kwi-USSR.

Ngo-1944, i-Canaris isuswe kwinkonzo. Isizathu salokhu kukuba imisebenzi "uHawthorn", "Tiger" ne "Shamil" yahluleka. Ngexesha lemfazwe, ukuhlonishwa kwe-Admiral Canaris, ngakwesinye icala, kwaqhubeka kuvelisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo, kodwa, njengoko abanye abaphandi bathi, ngaba "ukungaphumeleli" kwalolu hlobo lokubaluleka okwabangela ukubayisa umkhosi waseJamani. Kukholelwa ukuba i-Admiral Canaris yanceda amaYuda, ayithumela kwamanye amazwe.

Ukubanjwa nokubulawa kwe-Admiral Canaris

NgeCawa, ngoJulayi 23, 1944. Indawo yokuhlala yeAdmiral Canaris. Ngaphambi kokuba imise imoto, apho emva kwexeshana iphuma eSuyllenberg. Kumele abambe intloko yengqondo.

I-Admiral ithobile ngoStellenberg: uyayazi injongo yokutyelela ngeCawa, uyazi ukuba uya kunikelwa ukuzithumela ngokwakhe. Canaris uyala ukuyeka i-bullet kwaye ilandele i-Schellenberg kwintolongo yangaphantsi yaseGestapo.

I-Canaris, njengamagosa amaninzi aseJamani, ityholwa ngokulungiselela nokuqhuba inzame kuHitler, eyenzeka ngoJuni 20. I-Admiral ibambelele kwi-RSHA, kodwa emva kokuthunyelwa kwinkampu yexinaniso i-Flossenbürg, ukusuka apho, njengokuba uyazi, akukho mntu wabuya. Kulapho, i-Canaris yayingaphantsi kokuphenywa okungapheliyo, eyaqhutywa phambi kwentloko ye-SD yeKalterbrunner. Kungekudala uCarris wagwetyelwa ukufa, nangona kungekho mqondiso ocacileyo wecala lakhe.

I-Admiral Canaris yaxhonywa ngo-Ephreli 8, 1945. Umzimba wakhe watshiswa.

Ubuntu obuphikisanayo ne-admiral

Phakathi kweenkokheli zangaphambili zaseJamani, i-Canaris yinto ephikisana kakhulu. Kwathethwa ngaye ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo: abanye bathiwa ngumntakwabo welizwe lakubo, owayefuna ukukhulula ilizwe lakhe kunye nehlabathi lonke kumgaqo omkhulu kaHitler; Abanye bacinga ukuba wayengumbulali obulalayo; Abanye babembiza ngokuba ngumsebenzi onobuqili, owayelindele ixesha lakhe.

Kwimeko yesigwebo saseNuremberg , i-Canaris nayo kuthiwa iphikisana. NgokukaK. Deniz, u-Canaris akazange athathe inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na inxamnye nolawulo, wayeyi-coward yezobupolitika kunye nokuthakazelisa, umntu oqhelekileyo, onokufuna ukuba angene emthunzini.

KwiNuremberg efanayo, enye imbono yavakaliswa ngendima ye-Admiral Canaris. Kwaxelwa ukuba yena kunye nabantu abasondeleyo kuye abachitha iinqumlezo zikaHitler, ezakhokelela ekunqothulweni okuphazamisayo kuzo zonke iindawo.

U-Canaris ngokwakhe wabhala kwiidayari zakhe ukuba bonke ubomi bakhe wayezalisekisa umsebenzi wegosa, isazela sakhe eJamani kunye nabantu bakubo babecacile, kunye nephutha elilodwa kuphela: baxhomekeke kakhulu kummangaliso baze bavelele amaNazi, kwaye ngelishwa, kwafika ixesha elide.

Umfanekiso wenkokheli ye-Abwehr kwiincwadi

Canaris ngumntu obalaseleyo. Kuze kube ngoku, akukho mbono ongacacanga malunga nokuba lo mntu ungubani. Ngubani yena: i-patrioti yaseJamani, enye yeenkokeli zomshini wamaNazi, umqambi okanye umntu osengozini? Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-Canaris iyisisombululo esihle, umntu oshiye uphawu oluphawulekayo kwimbali.

Ngokuphathelele kwakhe kubhaliwe ezininzi zeencwadi. Kwenye yeencwadi ezidlulileyo ezenziwe, uYa. A. Nepodaev ("I-Special Force ye-Admiral Canaris") ngokucacileyo kwaye ibonisa ngokucacileyo iinqununu zengqondo zeJamani. Amanqaku anomdla amaxwebhu achazwayo achazwe.

Uya kufunda malunga nobomi nomsebenzi we-Abwehr boss kwincwadi ethi Karl Heinz Abhagen ethi "Admiral Canaris". Umbhali unceda umfundi ukuba afunde malunga nemisebenzi eyenziwa yi-counter-intelligence. Abaphandi banamhlanje nabalobi bazinikela emsebenzini wabo.

Ngoko, iVolkov ne-Slavin ibonisa i-biography kunye neememori kwincwadi ethi "Admiral Canaris - Iron Admiral" (1999).

UB. Sushinsky uxela kumsebenzi othi "Ukufa kwe-Admiral Canaris" malunga nokufa kwesigxina saseJamani, malunga neentsuku zokugqibela zobomi bakhe. Ngokumalunga nokuqulunqwa kwe- Reich yeThathu ibiza u-Yuri Nepodayev ("i-Special Force Admiral Canaris").

Kwintliziyo yale mi sebenzi yile mibhalo yokuqala, apho esinokufunda khona malunga no-Frederick William Canaris.