Hlanganisa Uhlobo: inkcazo algorithm kunye nomahluko kwezinye iindidi ukuhlela data

Uphuhliso lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ziphantse kusoloko umdwelisi nkqubo kufuneka kubhenela ukusetyenziswa nokuhlela ukuze nokwandisa ubuchule ukuphucula intsebenzo yokusebenza search, njalo njalo N. Namhlanje kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo nelungiselelo izinto ngendlela:. Ukudibanisa uhlobo, kunye isitshixo, njalo njalo D. Ukuhlela. imele iseti imisebenzi, imveliso leyo ekhokelela yokulandelelanisa-type izinto ngokokhokho okanye umyalelo zisihla - ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ukuba umsebenzi nkretnoy.

Zonke ezahlukeneyo yokuhlela algorithms zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini: odolo kwimiboniso neefayili layout ngendlela ethile. Uhlobo lokuqala izinto ukuze zilahlwe kuphela kwimemori, kodwa njengomthuthi ukuba ukufikelela ivuliwe ngqo. Udidi lwesibini izinto kufuneka abe eliphakathi ebambekayo: diski okanye iteyiphu.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi odolwa eziqalelo uluhlu kunye nendawo kumyalelo zicacise iifayile kukuba onke amalungu uluhlu ziyafumaneka naliphi na ixesha xa zifumaneka, yaye ngoko, inkqubo ukuhlela iqala ngoko nangoko emva kwenkqubo lesiqalo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa enxulumene yokungabikho kwendawo element. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphatha iifayile nangeliphi ixesha elinikiweyo ukuze anikwe ufikelelo kuphela iseti elilinganiselweyo kwamalungu.

Lidla wayedla ukulawula iifayile ukudibanisa uhlobo, leyo iphuhliswe izinto ezibalulekileyo imigaqo lungiselelo ngendlela ethile. Ngokubanzi, le nkqubo yokuhlela linokuchazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: icandelo idatha ethile yabelwa yaye sisetyenziswa njengoko isitshixo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga nje ngomzekelo iposi izinto kwindawo index elithile. Ngenxa yoko, le algorithm ayenzi ucazululo olupheleleyo ulwazi, kodwa amathuba ephakamileyo ukuhlela izinto eziyimfuneko.

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi iifayile ezilandelelanayo kwi fayile kunye nokubonelela ufikelelo ngqo kukuba banokubekwa eendaba, apho kunzima ukuba alungiselele ukuba ufikelelo esisigxina ngqo. Ukongeza, ezi fayile abadli usebenzise ubude esisigxina ukuba iirekhodi zigcinwa. Ngenxa yezi iinkalo iifayile ezilandelelanayo kusetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezimbini:

- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa ophethe inkcazelo, ngokusekelwe ukufikelela ezilandelanayo;

- xa iluncedo ukuba usebenzise iirekhodi variable-ubude.

uhlanganise yokuhlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kaninzi software mihla. Oku kungenxa yokwanda iifayile ezilandelelanayo. Umzekelo, phantse zonke iifayile zokubhaliweyo azitshintshanga. Nangona lula ingqalelo nangendlela ecwangciswe kakuhle ngokulandelelana lwefayile salungelelaniswa ifayile data, loo ndlela akunakwenzeka, t. To. Ukuze zoonke ifayile akunakwenzeka ukuba ukujongana iintsimbi, ngokwenyama.

mergesort yaba, enyanisweni, ekuphela kwendlela uhlobo lwefayile ezilandelelanayo. Nangona into yokuba namhlanje kukho ezinye iindlela yokulungelelanisa iifayile ezilandelelanayo, le ndlela nangoku omnye ethandwa kakhulu. Uhlobo hlangana ngokwemvelo ithetha ifayile ukwahlukana ibe ngamaqela amabini alinganayo ukuba umthamo ulwazi. Ngaphezu koko, nganye fayile kukho Ukufunda ngokuthe ngcembe isiqalelo ngasinye kwezo ezifumaneka ngalo mzuzu. izinto odoliwe eziziswayo zicwangciswe ngendlela kwifayile wesithathu, lwahlulwe zibe efanayo-ubungakanani ezimbini. Ngaloo ndlela, kwaye hlanganisa uhlobo. NjengoPascal, C, esiSiseko - uninzi eyaziwa iilwimi kweenkqubo inkxaso ukuphunyezwa kwale uhlobo iifayile ulandelelwano Uthelekiso.