Ezingeni Environmental kunye neentlobo zabo

Ukuze ufumane uvavanyo njongo, ulungelelene inqanaba nomgangatho-bume, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uhlalutyo enomahluko kumacala eziliqela ngaxeshanye. Phakathi izinto ezichaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo, izixhobo ezisisiseko nemvelo engqongileyo: umoya, amanzi, umhlaba, ukutya, kwaye ngaphezulu.

Ixabiso komgangatho kwimisebenzi yokusingqongileyo

Izikhokelo Quality indawo elungiselelwe izithintelo ezizodwa izinto eziyingozi. Njengoko umthetho, amathuba ukuvela ityhefu ezininzi kwaye uqhwalelisa umkhondo imo engqongileyo liphezulu kakhulu mveliso, ezolimo kunye nezinye imveliso, kwakunye kuyo yonke impilo yoluntu.

Ukusombulula iingxaki kwindawo esingqongileyo karhulumente ngumba ngokwesiseko kubalulekile ukuba ubukho eqhelekileyo abemi balo. impembelelo Active phezu izinto eziyingozi umzimba womntu badla kukhokelela kuphuhliso iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ebandakanya ezahlukeneyo iingxaki kunye syndromes esibuhlungu t. H. The ezingenabungozi, mutagenic, anaphylaxis, yobubi, nabalinganiswa gonadotropic embryotropic.

Zeziphi imigangatho umgangatho kokusingqongileyo?

Ulwahlulo engundoqo kwezi zalathisi likuvumela ukwahlula kwezi ntlobo kwemigangatho umgangatho kwendalo kubo:

• imigangatho lwesigaba sanitary;
• imithetho yokusingqongileyo Complex;
• ukusebenza kumacandelo ezoshishino noqoqosho;
• imigangatho zethutyana.

Nganye kwezi ntlobo migangatho idinga ebanzi ngakumbi kuba ibaluleke ezinzima kumalungiselelo kweziphumo umfanekiso lokugqibela.

Vimba imigangatho yococeko

Ngu nemigangatho yomgangatho lwendalo esingqongileyo kwindawo yokuqala, iinqobo yococeko-zokuzikhusela kunye nococeko. Hi xikombiso, le nto ke ithetha lonke uluhlu ngamaqondo eyantlukwano, ngemigangatho ebalulekileyo, esicacisa inqanaba imvelaphi yendalo amacandelo ezimbi. Oku amagunya lwee- izinto eziyityhefu eziyingozi emoyeni, imilambo, amachweba kunye emhlabeni; izikhombisi iimpembelelo yokwakha emzimbeni (ingxolo, imitha, ukungcangcazela, imitha magnetic), ukuba akukho ngoku, yaye iya kuchaphazela abahlali kunye nempilo yabantwana babo kwiminyaka kamva.

Umzekelo, ukuba isithako esebenzayo kuphazamisa imeko endalo into kungomlinganiselo ezincinane (xa kuthelekiswa neziphumo emzimbeni womntu), imigangatho umgangatho engqongileyo lusekiwe, ezisekelwe phezu igalelo lwe eziqalelo candelo kwi biosphere. Imibundu leyo yeminyango Higher ngokuba izikhombisi zinika yokhuseleko umntu kuphela engqondweni alithathwanga.

Imithetho-siseko uphuhliso imithetho yezempilo kwezendalo

Ukuba uthetha kwakhona malunga nezalathi yococeko, apha sithetha ngokuyintloko malunga nemilinganiselo toksikometricheskih. iidosi ezifanelekileyo, uyazikhomba kwezinto ezinobungozi okanye imiphumela yeemeko emzimbeni baxabane ezifanayo kulungisiwe.

Ayimangalisi loo mhla imigangatho umgangatho lokusingqongileyo ukufumana izicelo zabo kummandla ithi post-eSoviet. Kwezinye iingingqi, kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, ubume bendalo, imithetho zifakelwayo abekwe.

imithetho yokhuseleko Sanitary

Iimpawu Sanitary kunye nokhuseleko nemigangatho yobulunga yokusingqongileyo unayo injongo eyahlukileyo. injongo yabo ukugqiba ukukhusela impilo yabantu bommandla othile okanye indawo ethile. Phakathi imisebenzi ukuze zivumelane imimandla yokhuseleko yococeko ngokuhambelana nemigangatho emiselwe kufuneka iquke:

• Ukuqinisekisa ntumbuluko eyimfuneko points amanzi;
• Uthintelo imiphumela ebuhlungu imithombo zokungcolisa indalo.

Emgangathweni kunye nemimiselo endle lokusingqongileyo

imigangatho ikholoji kwizinga yokusingqongileyo bakhonza ukuchaza imida yempembelelo ngabantu kwindalo. Ukuba kokuba udlule kukho umngcipheko ukugcinwa imiqobo njengoko iimeko kunokwenzeka efanelekileyo kubomi babantu kunye yayo yemvelo. Kwakhona ayikwazi sibonile ngentla apha iikhrayitheriya unilaterally, njengoko kunokuba ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo-yococeko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukongezelela, kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye bomthwalo kwenxiwa kwindalo.

imigangatho Environmental - imigangatho umgangatho yokusingqongileyo, apho imvume ngokumalunga zezempilo kubonisa kubalulekile ukuba phakathi iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo bioactive zikhona sensitive ngakumbi kungcoliseko, xa kuthelekiswa umntu. Kwaye ukuba abantu esekwe norms isenokuba umyalelo sezingeni eliphezulu kunaleyo ezifunekayo kwezinye izinto, le isisombululo kakhulu- iya kuba kukwazisa kwemigangatho ephantsi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubomi ngokupheleleyo ezinye iintlobo zobomi.

Ezahlukahlukeneyo imithetho yokusingqongileyo

Imigangatho yokusebenza eziphilayo kunye nokhuseleko elingathethekiyo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo leyo ulondolozo lezakhi eziphila wemvula-langa, ukulondolozwa sites zexabiso wembali, zamasiko zemvelo. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi malungiselelo angabizwa iindawo zolondolozo biosphere umbutho, iipaki zesizwe, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngu nemigangatho yomgangatho lokusingqongileyo nayo nezinye iikhrayitheriya kokusingqongileyo. Ixabiso bomthwalo kuvumelekile kwi bume yendalo ndiyimise ngokwabo umsebenzi ekuthinteleni kwamanani okungaqhelekanga kwezibonelelo zendalo kunye umonakalo lwemixokelelwano zendalo eziphilayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuphumeza isicwangciso ngenjongo ekusetyenzisweni nokukotshwa kwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa. Enjalo iMigangatho Quality Environmental zilungiselelwa ngokubanzi ngokuthi izibalo zenzululwazi oluqhubekayo. Xa isigqibo sabo ngqo ngakumbi kubaluleke Ingqiqo nokwamkeleka degree of sesichengeni industrial indawo ethile yendalo esingqongileyo.

Production kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho kweli kuqheleke kokusingqongileyo

Kwibhloko elilandelayo iquka izibonelelo ekujongwe ukuba ityumbe imigubasi yomnyango izalathi ephantsi, ukuba isiganeko avunyelwe kumacandelo kwezoshishino kunye noqoqosho. ukuphunyezwa Tshintsha izicwangciso zemisebenzi kule ndawo kunokuba ikakhulu ngokunciphisa imisebenzi kwinkampani ethile, ibangela umngcipheko ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela neengcali kummandla zempilo kunye ummiselo yendalo. Ukuveliswa ziqhelekileyo kunye nemimiselo koqoqosho:

• imigangatho zobugcisa;
• malungiselelo enzelwe kwiindawo zolonwabo;
• imigangatho, ukuthatha ingqalelo xa ukwakha.

I kwama lokuqala luquka Mpe, MPD kunye CTPs. kwekhabhoni Owona mbane kwaye khupha kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni, emanzini, kwaye umthamo amafutha bazitshisa beka ngayinye mthombo ngamnye ungcoliseko kokusingqongileyo. imigangatho ezinjalo kunxulumene iprofayile ukujoliswa lweshishini, inani kunye nohlobo iziphumo ezibi.

Ukuze umntu omaziyo umbuzo kunye nemigaqo yocwangciso lwedolophu kufuneka isicelo kuphuhliso software kwaye ziqinisekise ukhuseleko kokusingqongileyo. Nje xa kukho kungaba ucwangciso nophuhliso lali.

Xa iqela lesithathu swi neminye imigangatho. ezingeni Environmental kwi kwiindawo zolonwabo uvumele ukusetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo kwizakhiwo zendalo, eshiya iimeko kuphuhliso loshishino lokhenketho kunye iiholide.

Yintoni na imigangatho ixesha?

ixesha elimiswe rhoqo kwezo meko apho, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubala ezinye metric ezichazwe ngasentla. Apho akunakwenzeka ekuphuhliseni imigangatho zobuchwepheshe, yococeko nesempilweni, baye babhenela nokudalwa amalungiselelo yethutyana. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkqubela yenzululwazi, iteknoloji rhoqo zanyuswa, izixhobo, yaye ngoko ke, kukho ithuba imimiselo ezingqongqo ukuze kuncitshiswe ifuthe kokusingqongileyo.

Indlela ukukhangela imo longcoliseko lomoya?

Qikelela umgangatho izinto ngamnye nabo Biosphere nge oomahluko ezininzi le migangatho. Ngokukodwa, ukuhlalutya imeko zezulu kummandla inwebu unokusekelwa zomculo:

1. Ubuninzi xi avumelekile kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni yemimandla mveliso. Le ukuzinza ibandakanya yokukala xi kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni ngemini iiyure ezisibhozo-okanye ngeveki iyure-40. Ingqalelo olwenzeka kuvumelekile kwezinto ezingezizo abangela izifo. Ukufumana isifo emsebenzini kunokuba nje emsebenzini kodwa kwixesha elizayo.
2. Ubuninzi xi avumelekile ukungcola kwi zokuhlala emoyeni. Subsensornye (reflex) indlela umzimba womntu kufuneka kwenzeke phakathi kwisiqingatha seyure-inhalation umoya ukusuka yoxinaniso obuvumelekileyo.
3. Le xi avumelekile ukungcola kwisithuba emoyeni lokusebenza band njengomgangatho lethutyana, okusebenza kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-2.
4. ezikhutshwayo Ubuninzi avumelekile kwezinto ezinobungozi kunye ukungcolisa kokusingqongileyo. Le bemfuno iyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nemigaqo yococeko kwiindawo zokuhlala emoyeni nemiqathango yemozulu embi. Le migangatho kwizinga zemvelo ukuya kwiminyaka-5.
5. Inani eliphezulu avumelekile amafutha itshiswe. Isalathisi uthe iqinisekisa ukuhambelana zonke iimfuneko iinkonzo zococeko ngokuphathelele iimveliso ukutshiswa kwi zokuhlala emoyeni.

Ixabiso isitya yamanzi nemigangatho yobulunga

Kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo analysis yokusebenza yococeko kokusingqongileyo ekudlaleni kunye ungcoliseko isitya samanzi. Kuhlohlwe ezingeni lokusingqongileyo, xa amadama nangakumbi, makavumele ukulawula ubungakanani izinto ezinobungozi kunye ityhefu nghena amanzi. Le xi eliphezulu ngokuvunywe nayiphi na imeko ukuba ibe nefuthe ngqo okanye ezingathanga ngqo kwimpilo yabantu kwisizukulwana sangoku nesexesha elizayo.

iimeko ucoceko yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, nto, kuya kukunceda ukugcina umgangatho yamanzi asetyenziswa bezandla indlu lokuloba. Ngaphezu koko, lo xi avumelekile kwezalathisi kweli isitya manzi, baya kusoloko kuba ngqongqo kwaye gqa kunezixhobo ezisekelwe imilambo phantse bezrybnyh, amachibi kunye namanani. Le yobunyani kunokucaciswa kukuba iikhompawundi oyityhefu nezingaphiliyo bayathanda ukuba yande eziphilayo ubomi emanzini xa iimali ezinkulu.

Imigangatho efunekayo ukuze ixabiso kwezalathisi zomhlaba, ingxolo kunye nemitha

Uqikelelo lomhlaba kwakhona lwenzeka ngokwemigangatho zisetwe kwi zoqhaphelo ubuninzi avumelekile ezingcolisa kwi ongaphezulu. Iziphumo ezibi leyo inokuba i buthi ifumile kunye namacandelo lwemichiza yentlabathi wadibana ngamanzi, umoya, izityalo, kwaye kungenzeka ngqo nempembelelo kwimpilo yabantu. Ukubala imithetho ukusebenza iminyaka emithathu.

Standards and Standards Quality Environmental ziquka nakwezinye iimo ezalathayo. Ezi ziquka ingxolo neekhrayitheriya radiology. Lokuqala Iqela kuqulunqwa imigangatho uthetha ezisisigxina ubuninzi ingxolo kuvumelekile, njengoko apho ifuthe yonke imihla ngobuchule kwimpilo yabantu abayi luza kuba nempembelelo embi yokusebenza yayo.

imisebe ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila ukuba igcinwe phantsi kolawulo abasemagunyeni zempilo. Imiphumo yokugcina ngokuloqa kakhulu okanye ixesha elide kwezinto radioactive emzimbeni womntu kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ionizing radiation kunokubangela umhlaza. Ngoko ke, ezi mpawu migaqo kufuneka kuthetha nakwenzeka sesichengeni engafanelekanga.