Ezahlukeneyo shampinona- ukwahlula indlela awafanele ezityiwayo ezinetyhefu?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi nomngundo, kodwa siza kuthetha amakhowa iqhosha (Agaricus). Namhlanje, akukho mfuneko ukuqokelela kubo ehlathini, ngenxa yokuba kuzo zonke evenkileni ethengisa Amakhowa ezintle encinane emhlophe - uhlobo lwe mushroom. The French wafunda ukuba akhule ngayo kwinkulungwane XVII. Okwangoku, phakathi amakhowa enokutyiwa ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso, ezi zilwanyana ithatha indawo yokuqala ehlabathini.

Awafanele endalweni

Nangona nakho kwabo, abaninzi bafuna ukufumana phandle indlela ababunjwe ngayo amakhowa kuba "mushroom kuzingela", - a luncedo kakhulu, bezonwabisa umsebenzi umdla. It ikuvumela ukuba ukubaleka ngokupheleleyo iingxaki zemihla ngemihla, ukuze uchithe ixesha yedwa kunye nendalo. Njengoko umdla ukufumana ingca okanye namahlamvu ngundo ezintle okunencasa, kwaye ukuba unethamsanqa, yaye intsapho encinane lonke! Amakhowa ikuyo, yavelisa emahlathini, iipaki, amadlelo kunye nkqu phezu wamatye.

Ewe pileate agaric. Kwindalo, kukho ubuncinane 60 iintlobo zazo ezineempawu ezifanayo, kodwa zonke uhlobo nomngundo mushroom uneempawu zawo. Lamellar kubiza ezi amakhowa, leyo kwicala elingaphantsi kwe le chap iye nembasa. Amakhowa Young plate ezimhlophe, ngoko ezipinki, endala black and brown namnyama kunye emdaka.

Le mbono kwahlukile bubukho icici esiqwini. Iminqwazi nezikhondo - ke umzimba fruiting kunye mycelium esehlabathini. Umaleko esezantsi iminqwazi champignon ilahlwa imbewu ngazo bande, ekusekeni mycelium entsha. Ngaba ziyazala yaye ujungujungu iziqwenga ngokudala iimeko kakuhle yona.

Amakhowa Small angaba kuphela iminqwazi imilo eqhelekileyo ungqukuva, kodwa intsimbi ezimilise, phantse zezindlu. Njengoko ngohlangothi ihamba alo, kwaye yenza amakhonkco abe omnye okanye emibini esiqwini. Cap liyaqhubeka isombuluka, babe ipleyiti ibonakale ngakumbi inxalenye asezantsi. Kule fomu eyandisiweyo, ukuba unohlobo semi okanye ngobuso ngokupheleleyo.

awafanele ezidliwayo

Cinga iindidi eziliqela, aziwayo kakhulu indlela mushroom: ehlathini, engcotyeni, intsimi, bisporus.

Forest (Agaricus silvaticus), maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba "blagushka". Olu hlobo of mushroom zifumaneka emahlathini coniferous ukusuka phakathi-ihlobo ukuya ku-Oktobha, ingakumbi emimangweni imbovane. Nangona incasa, oko kunqabile iqokelelwe. Abaninzi elothusayo ukuba Ekuveleni yintlama uba umbala sinombala-obomvu.

Amakhowa Young onyawo phezulu, enemisesane emhlophe, nto leyo lwemizekelo badala zisalelayo. Cap ovoid, ngoko uba khaxa, ifuze imilo intsimbi, yaye kamva - flat-phantsi. It has ishq ezinezikhondo omdaka.

Lugovoi (eziqhelekileyo, Pecheritsa), igama Latin - Agaricus campestris. Olu hlobo of mushroom kwaziwa abahlala ezidolophini, njengoko kwenzeka kufuphi izindlu - emiyezweni, kwiipaki. It ithanda ilizwe kakuhle aqhamileyo sikhulise emadlelweni, kwiindawo ehamba iinkomo. Mushroom okunencasa kunye neziqhamo kakhulu, ikhula kumaqela amakhulu.

Hat umbala omhlophe, kuqala ngokumila ungqukuva, ngoko khaxa, ngoko tyaba. .K pink, amakhowa abaqolileyo engwevu-mdaka. Inyama yam iqaqambile, siqinile, phezu cut ujika pink. Njengoko "isondo 'ngokudibanisa kungqameko cap kunye likhaba siyahlukana naye osele UA membranous ngaphezulu yonyawo.

Field (Agaricus arvensis). Olu hlobo - isizalwane ikufutshane eli beet, kodwa abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba incasa yawo kungcono kakhulu. Anakho, ivumba okhethekileyo mnandi kakhulu kwaye yenye yezinto ezinkulu phakathi makhowa. Kwezinye iimeko ubunzima 300 g apha cap yi-20 cm.

Amakhowa Young abe iqanda umnqwazi, ngokuthe ngcembe uba imilo plano-khaxa, kunye nesikhumba silky, xa ubamba utshintsho umbala ukuba tyheli. Xa ring umaleko-ezimbini uye nomlenze zomaleko langaphantsi lunamaqoqo eyabelwe yellow isici. Iirekhodi, njengoko ukwaluphala ngundo, ukutshintsha umbala ukusuka opinki ukuya limnyama.

Bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) - oku lonke uhlobo aziqhelileyo mushroom ngokubanzi ulinywa kwiimeko ngumntu.

awafanele amanga

abavuni mushroom badla ukuqokelela namava phantsi kwemiqathango ethile ityhefu (lobuxoki) uhlobo lwe mushroom, uphoswe nengobozi kwezinye izinto. Nangona ukusebenzisa kwabo ukutya kwaye akubulali, kodwa inokubangela ezininzi iingxaki. Nasemva kokuba unyango ubushushu zigcinwa izinto eziyityhefu ebangela ityhefu ephelekwa ukuphazamiseka isisu, ukugabha, colics.

Kakhulu basoloko bexakaniseka kunye amakhowa ezityiwayo iintlobo amakhowa ezimbini, iifoto uyabona. Lithanga mushroom (Agaricus xanthodermus) yenzeka kokubini endle kunye nengca. Olu hlobo umnqwazi omhlophe ngobubi, itsho amabala nombala-mdaka.

Ipete ngokungqinelana isihloko, xa esona sabelo nangoko siba yellow. Inxalenye esezantsi imilenze, omthubi kakhulu, maxa wambi-orenji. Olu hlobo intsimbi-iminqwazi basoloko bexakaniseka ndawonye nentsimi. Ngaphandle umbala inyama, kunokuba azakubalulwa ivumba zingambi kakhulu, nto leyo kunyuswa kaJohn.

Ploskoshlyapkovy, obuxutywe, enamaxolo mushroom (Agaricus Placomyces) - omnye ngundo ngobubi, nto leyo ifumaneka emahlathini ephikisanayo kunye coniferous. umnqwazi wakhe nombala-omdaka umbala, kunye kwindawo emnyama kweli ziko, wayifulela esikalini. Ivumba engasi iziphumo carbolic inedibility kolu hlobo.

bedidekile Ngamanye amaxesha lwamahlathi ploskoshlyapkovy mushroom, kodwa njengoko sele sisazi, uhlobo ehlathini ivumba nice ngokucotha ukusika inyama ibe ebomvu, lo gama i-yellow zinaso yaye ngokuthe ngcembe iba brawuni.

Amaxesha amaninzi, abavuni mushroom ongenamava ayikwazi zingahlukaniswa amakhowa abatsha ezifanayo phezu kwabo, kodwa mushroom ezibulalayo ezinobuhlungu ezimhlophe kunye okona luthuthu. Bafana kwaye iminqwazi, kunye izitya, amakhonco apha emilenzeni.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umahluko njani ngokucacileyo kuphela lwemizekelo abadala: ukusuka mushroom kwaye okona libunile, ngokungafaniyo amakhowa ezityiwayo, iipleyiti umbala kusekho eliqaqambileyo. Fumana mushroom omdala kwaye ahlole kumazantsi eqokobheni. Enye indlela elula khangela: xa icinezelwe inyama umbala mushroom esinetyhefu akatshintshi.

Photo 1 - champignon nemithi;

Photo-2 - champignon engcotyeni;

Photo-3 - Agaricus arvensis;

Photo 4 - mushroom emthubi ngebala;

Photo 5 - mushroom ploskoshlyapkovy.