Ekoarhitektura: inkcazelo, iimpawu, olunomdla kunye nohlaziyo

Ekoarhitektura - esikhethekileyo ingqiqo zobugcisa, ethathela ingqalelo, kuqala, iimeko zokusingqongileyo kuyilo okusingqongileyo yabantu. Imigaqo esisiseko yale mbono, eyenzelwe ngumzobi Italian uPaolo Soleri. Kwakhona phantsi ekoarhitekturoy ukuqonda ingcamango kwingqiqo ethi ngenxa hyperstructures oluyilwe kakuhle ukuba zamkele labemi isixeko engatshatanga kakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo engalunganga woluntu kwindalo esingqongileyo.

phi le ngcamango ekoarhitektury njani?

Ekoarhitektura wavuka emva kokuba kwacaca ukuba yokuhlala ezidolophini baqalisa ukuhlala kwindawo ngaphandle kwesizathu enkulu. Le meko waqala ukuthatha imilo kumazwe amaninzi. Umonakalo bume, olusetyenziswa kuwo umzi, olugoso.

Eyona nto iphambili kolu luvo wezakhiwo ke kunciphiso indawo ekuhlala abahlali basezidolophini, ngenxa ukwabiwa ngokutsha gipersturkturu-ntathu. Umbhali Paolo Soleri iingcamango yayingengobantu kuphela ukuba imiba ephathelele kokusingqongileyo. Waqalisa ukuphuhlisa msebenzi wakhe yaye kwinqanaba loluntu. Ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe, le hyperstructures ezintsha ababefanele ukunceda ukucwangcisa ngcono, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu izithuthi zikawonke. Ekugqibeleni, oku kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni ukwanda kwabantu. Kwangaxeshanye oko kuya kunceda ukuphelisa ezininzi iingxaki ezendeleyo megacities.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba Soleri kuqala kunye nale mbono. izakhiwo ecological echazwe ekuqaleni, njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, xa umsebenzi wobugcisa. Iingcamango ukuba esekelwe Soleri, kuqala echazwe Sci-Fi yakhe inoveli "Le uleleyo avuke" Gerbert Uells.

Ukuguqulela iingcinga zibe yimpumelelo

Okwangoku, uyilo ithandwayo ingqiqo bokwakha ebizwa Arcosanti. It is a isixeko US, eyenzelwe yi Soleri okwangoku. Ukususela ngo-1970, ukwakhiwa yalo abafundi inxaxheba ngolangazelelo olukhulu. Yena edibana ngqikelelo njengoko "ekoarhitektura" ezinjalo.

Kulo mzekelo, oko engamelanga ithathwe njenge yimpumelelo. Nangona yokuhlala ilungiselelwe 3-5 amawaka abantu abahlala kulo amavolontiya ezimalunga ne-100 kuphela. Ngelo xesha kule ndawo inokungasetyenziswa kuqaliswe ngempumelelo neeprojekthi zemfundo kunye yabakhenkethi. Okwangoku Arcosanti itsala abantu abangaphezu 5000 ngonyaka.

Yintoni na le nkampani phantsi kwegama "Ekoarhitektura"

In Russia namhlanje akwenziwa ngokwezi zokuhlala, kodwa yavula ezininzi iinkampani abasebenza ezingafani ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo. Abaninzi kubo babizwa - "Ekoarhitektura".

Abanye babo, umzekelo, ukwenza intlawulo engxamisekileyo ukutya lehoseyile. Ngaphezu koko, iimveliso kunye sibhubhe okanye iphelelwe, iibhetshi yingxaki iimveliso zokutya nezinye illiquid. Ltd. libandakanywe "Ekoarhitektura" (ummandla eMoscow eMoscow). Koko kutya ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona. Oku kunika uncedo eqaphelekayo kokusingqongileyo.

Kukho nenye inkampani e Yekaterinburg, ekuthiwa "EkoArhitektura". Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma - kwicala iphambili umsebenzi wayo. iingcali zayo ukulungele ukunceda balahle inkunkuma yeklasi IV ingozi. Le nkampani uqokelela neentlobo zonke iintlobo zenkunkuma, inika iphakheji epheleleyo yamaxwebhu, ingxelo lokusingqongileyo.

izakhiwo Ecostyle

Le mihla uyilo kunye nobugcisa bokwakha Ecostyle kakhulu eqhelekileyo. Le ulwalathiso nendlela ne actual. Yena uyazinikezela kangangoko inani elikhulu lweeprojekthi zophando kunye monographs. Umzekelo, eli nqaku abasebenzi IKharkiv National Academy of Economy zikaMasipala Krivitskaya A. and N. Krivoruchko ngokuba "Ekoarhitektura njengoko ukulondolozwa yesakhelo zendalo".

Umsebenzi lunikezelwa izixeko ezibini - eKharkov kunye Belgorod. Bona, ngokutsho izazinzulu, ukuze kulunge umzekelo uhlobo olutsha agglomerations ezidolophini. Okwangoku, inkunkuma yorhwebo, ungcoliseko lomoya, ukugxagxiseka iimeko zempilo kunye nesempilweni kakhulu zimbi iimeko zokuphila kwabantu kweso sixeko.

Ngoko ke, kuphela uyilo ekostruktur entsha lo gama kugcinwe-sikhokelo yendalo yenkqubo yengingqi kwiindawo metropolitan ungagcina imeko yangoku esingqongileyo.

criteria ekoarhitektury

To eco-zobugcisa izakhiwo ehambelana kunye nezimvo mihla ngalo mbono, kufuneka eze phantsi imiqathango ethile.

Okokuqala, oko okonga umbane. Kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo zokwenziwa of yamandla. Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa yokwakha izinto kuphela imvelaphi yendalo, nto leyo nayo uyakwazi self-ukuvuselela. Oku, umzekelo, iinkuni. Loo ndlela ayisayi kufuna inzala kwezi zinto.

Okwesithathu, ukuba kwimfuno yokuphatha isakhiwo nje eziphilayo. Architecture kufuneka lubonwe bume nokuphila. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba indlu kwakhona "ephefumlayo" namaxesha "ekhula, 'uze' oluphumayo."

Okwesine, kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kuyimfuneko ukuze kuncitshiswe ifuthe eyingozi kokusingqongileyo. Ke ekugqibeleni, nowokugqibela - ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo kufutshane kwimvelo. Kwaye ukwazi kakuhle oko kufuneka kanye le fomu.

iiprojekthi ekoarhitekturnye Modern

Ingcamango kweeprojekthi eco-lwezakhiwo ezo zichazwe kweli nqaku, ephuhlisa ehlabathini lonke. A Umzekelo iphawulekayo - "siphumele indlu" eArgentina, msebenzi wakhe wabonakala ngowe-1975.

Le inspirer oluphambili, ngokomakhi Emilio Ambash, uyibeke le "isikwere black" bokwakha. Ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe, ukuba bekufanele ukuba, kwakunye imizobo ka Malevich, ukuze abonise uphawu ekupheleni ngobugcisa ukunika ukufikelela ubunyani elitsha spiritualistic.

Kodwa xa loo ndlu yakhiwa ngo-2005, waba uphawu lwe ngendlela 'yendalo' sobomi, ithandwa kangaka namhlanje.

Yabadla eziphilayo "Indlu lobumfihlo" efihliweyo ngaphakathi kwenduli kwaye emkhulu nokucamngca. Phezu kwentaba wakha iindonga ezimbini kunye leri, leyo yendlela kwi-engile yayiyazi. Kuthathwa ukuba umntu unako ukufumana ulwazi, Wabaphakamisela ngaphezu leyinene hina.

Enye iprojekthi ekoarhitekturny nkqubo kwisixeko Japanese ka Fukuoka. Esi sesinye sezixeko likhulu lamazwe aseAsia, nto leyo unale nokunqongophala bafa isithuba.

Imbali yale projekthi yaqala ngo-1995, xa yaba kuyimfuneko ukwakhiwa kweziko yenkcubeko. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo kuphela ukuba ekwakheni amagunya kamasipala olunjalo woyenza park wesixeko, ubukhulu apho engekho iibhloko mzi ngaphezu ezimbini.

Ukuze agawule epakini, kwagqitywa ukuba amafu ezinemigangatho-15 kwiziko yenkcubeko, ukugcina, yaye bambalwa kakhulu Japan uhlaza. Amafu kwaku izithuba mboniso namaholo enkomfa, amaziko olondolozo kunye izithuba zobugcisa.

Ngelo xesha linye amagqabi ukusuka kuphuma park egcinwe olungaphambili kumazantsi isakhiwo, iyenza khangela njengomnye wemimangaliso yehlabathi - Gardens waseBhabheli.

Ngaloo ndlela, kuhlolwa kuvavanywa ingqiqo njengoko ekoarhitektura uyakwazi ukumelana iimbekiselo iphikisanayo. Kwelinye icala, iingcali ambonise izinto ezakhayo - enyanisweni, ezi projekthi ukunceda okusingqongileyo kunye ekulondolozeni imvelo. Kwelinye icala, iingcali ezininzi zithi xa nqanaba ukuphunyezwa kwe uninzi lweengcamango zibiza kakhulu, bachitha imali eninzi ngaphandle kwemfuneko.

Kwilali Dietikon

Enye iprojekthi ekoarhitekturny ekufuneka kukuxelela - yinto kwilali Dietikon (Switzerland), eyasekwa yi Peter Fechem.

Wabonakala ngo-1993 kule ndawo kwidolophu encinane Dietikon. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, xa izikrini ngaphandle kokuba umboniso 'iNkosi Imisesane ", abantu balapha ebizwa yabumba ecaleni kwabo kwilali Swiss of Middle-zomhlaba.

Indlu yokuqala komhlaba Fech wakha emva 1970. Ukususela ngoko, e Dietikon wakwazi ukwakha izakhiwo ezisithoba komhlaba ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Ukususela 60 ukuya 250 eemitha isikwere. Baba ifana kakhulu ukuya hobbits yezindlu zamaqhawe Tolkien kaThixo.

Ezikuthandayo nabantu. Uphahla lomhlaba kunye nengca ngokwendalo ukukhusela khaya imvula, umoya, kunye namaqondo kakhulu. Ukwanceda ukuchitha amandla ngaphantsi kakhulu ikhaya oluqhelekileyo. Ezi zakhiwo azinabungozi ngokupheleleyo kokusingqongileyo.

iifama nkqo

esakhiweni ifama nkqo wazalwa phakathi kweendonga of Columbia University kwi-US. Ngokutsho izazinzulu yayo, ngo-2050 isixeko uye 80% abemi komhlaba. Ngaphezu koko, lo mkhwa ngokutya iimveliso ecocekileyo eziphilayo zezolimo isahleli.

Ukusombulula le ngxaki, uPierre Sartoux kunye Augustin Rozenstil ecetywayo idrafti kweefama nkqo. Oku amade ezele zokugcina kunye ezibayeni. Inani elikhulu amaziko anjalo angakhona kwixa elizayo kuya kuvumela ukondla abantu billion ezilishumi, apho ngo-2050 iya kubonakala Umhlaba.

indlu organic

Enye iprojekthi okufanele ingqalelo - ikhaya organic Gaetano Pesce. Xa imizobo yokuqala wakhangela ngathi komterebhinti, apho wakhonza ekusekweni iingcambu kunye isithsaba - uphahla.

Ekugqibeleni, le ndlu waba Ashera loqalo, sifuna phezulu kuphela. Wabonakala phakathi kwelinye isixeko Japanese - Osaka. Ngowe-1993, isakhiwo uqhuma nje ukufana okwe Classic woshishino Asia. olungaphambili ebomvu yendlu iza ezihonjiswe iimbiza flower organic. Bekhula phantse zonke iintlobo kwamatyholo ukuba ingafumaneka kuphela kulo mmandla kwemozulu. Lo ngumzekelo ocacileyo ekoarhitektury ebomini.