Coupler SA3 :, injongo, ubukhulu

Enye yamacebo athandwa kakhulu kuba uxhulumaniso oluzenzekelayo kunye loqhawulo ubume kaloliwe-nqwelo yi coupler oluzenzekelayo SA-3 model. It is a isixhobo enika nokuhlangana kunye disengagement le kaloliwe kunye neemoto. Ngenxa isixhobo coupler yakho oluzenzekelayo SA-3 nokugcina iimoto kumqolo ekunene, idibanisa kunye bahlukaniswa kwaye kwenza kube lula ukuqhagamshelana ngaphandle kokonakalisa isakhelo wagon kwaye nendlela coupler.

nendlela yokuqesha

Kwizibonelelo mihla eyimfuneko iimoto avtorastsepki kwaye clutch ziquka SA-3, nakubeni oko yenzelwe umva ngo-1932. Le fowuni kakhulu zithandwa ngoku. Imfihlelo yempumelelo na design yimpumelelo, ilula kwaye esebenzayo, kodwa ukuthembeka kunye lula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa.

Kwizithuthi mihla epaki iinqwelo kaloliwe zisetyenziswa iintlobo ngeentlobo uyilo kunye mission. Kukho impahla kunye umkhweli. Kwakhona ukwahlula kunye neemeko zazo yokusetyenziswa. A Inani iimoto kunye zikaloliwe zisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima: ngamandla aphezulu okusebenzisa, ngokugqithiseleyo aphezulu okanye asezantsi yokusebenza ubushushu, abantu zothutho kunye impahla imigama emifutshane.

Xa ukunyuka ezincinane kilometrage isixhobo amandla xa esenza kulayishwa kunye nokothula ukuxhaphaza, yaye ngenxa yoko, iba efanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa isixhobo ukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo iklatshi kunye disengagement ye iziqalelo uloliwe. Kubalulekile ukuba ezi zixhobo kwaye ziquka oku icebo, njengendawo, iimpawu kunye noyilo SA3 coupler oluhambelana ngokupheleleyo ukulungiselela le njongo.

Umothuko-tugger - SA3 coupler yenza:

• uxhulumaniso oluzenzekelayo kweemoto iimpembelelo kunye nakwiingxingongo kwi nokuhlangana kokubonisa oluzenzekelayo.
• iinqwelo oluzenzekelayo uncoupling kaloliwe, nto leyo yenziwa ngaphandle kongenelelo oyingcali, nengcinga ukuyigcina kwindawo disengaged phambi kokuba coupler uya umtshato.
• iindawo Auto Buyisela ifowuni endaweni yaso yesiqhelo, ukuvumela iimoto wambetha concatenate uze utshixe i lock.

Ukongeza, SA-3 mechanism coupler ivumela kwakhona concatenate-coupler disengaged ngokungakhethiyo ngaphandle ukuxutywa wagon uloliwe. Ukusetyenziswa zokushenxisela, okt xa benza ngesibetho okuwisa ubuso ingakhokeleli ubunye babo. Kude nomzuzu clutch CA-3 uthabathe indlela ezime zilandelayo:

• izixhobo axis ezibekwe kumgca efanayo;
• axis Bayeka nkqo okanye tye.

Apho yezihlunu ukubana nkqo kuba nakho kwi isiphazamiso. axis ukubana kwenzeka 100 eemilimitha, kwaye okhwele uloliwe isantya ukuya ku-50 iimilimitha. Elona xabiso liphezulu le yezihlunu tye lisisiqalo ayidluli 175 mm. Kwezi ukushenxiswa CA-3 zamazembe umsebenzi coupler na ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye neemoto ekhuselekileyo coupling oluzenzekelayo ngethuba umsebenzi wabo.

Uyilo coupler oluzenzekelayo SA-3 imodeli

Le coupler isixhobo SA-3 lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo eziliqela, nto leyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kuphazamiseke:

1. amalungu omzimba kunye neenkcukacha kwendlela yokusebenza.
2. Umothuko-egxile isixhobo.
3. isixhobo Draft.
4. Kumisa.
5. Drive ngenxa uncoupling iimoto.

CA-3 coupler operation olusebenzayo luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano yazo zonke iinxalenye mechanism kunye isithuba nomgongxo uphose izindlu. inxalenye yayo ibekwe iinxalenye umatshini (bebekwe em-, ekuthiwa ipokotho):

• lock;
• umnikazi lock;
• phakamisa isondo;
• Locksmith, phakamisa;
• fuse, ukuvumela khusalekileyo esuka samorastsepa olungenazo okuwisa ubuso;
• waqonda.

Ukongeza kwintloko lomzimba ifakwe kunye nomsila evuthelweyo. Kwakhona unalo umngxuma ngenxa intsimbi, edityaniswe uqinisa ibambelele kunye SA3 coupler. Xa indawo ezidityanisiweyo womatshini, leyo zicwangciswe kwi nqwelwana ezikufutshane zihlanganiswe ngalinye enye ethe ukusuka eshedini (ingxenye phakathi kwamazinyo ezinkulu nezincinane), abanini kunye uvalela lock.

Kule nkalo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba imeko SA3 izixhobo coupler kuxhomekeke intsebenziswano ezinzileyo kunye liqhawuke yonke isixhobo xa iyonke.

Imilinganiselo kunye ubunzima coupler SA-3

Coupler na imida zilandelayo:

• Ubukhulu SA3 coupler 1130 x 421 x 440 mm.
• Weight SA-3 coupler zingaqala kg 207,18 ukuya 215. Oku kuxhomekeka kwisixhobo umzobo.

Amacala kokubonisa oluzenzekelayo kwenza isixhobo ubhetyebhetye kakhulu nto leyo ngokulinganayo awunankinga zombini oololiwe imithwalo kunye umkhweli.

Ziphuculwe SA3 coupler

Iminyaka emibini-amawaka kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye eRashiya uqalisa ukusebenzisa i kufuphi nokuhlangana zaphuculwa oluzenzekelayo SA-3. Uyilo kunye nokusebenza coupler oluzenzekelayo SA-3 kuhlala injalo, kodwa design ngcono. Ifowuni yakho ifumene izibiyeli ezimbini ethintela amaqhekeza eziwayo ukunciphisa koqiniso omfutshane naLindiili. Ukuwa iinxalenye kukhokelela umonakalo utolo okanye ekuweni nokwakheka.

Ngenxa yoko, ndawonye langoku kunye nokunyusa umgangatho nokhuseleko imodeli entsha. Kodwa oku konke oko wazisa ezintsha. Distance yesondlo-ezamahala run ye lithathelwe entsha mfuziselo million 1 km. Nendala SA3 coupler njongo kunye neempawu inama ngeekhilomitha 200,000 kuphela. Ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko kunye imali kuzo zonke zokulungisa basukela, imifuziselo omdala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu waqalisa ukuba nokuyekisa. Noko ke, ukuqeshwa kunye SA-3 isixhobo coupler in version yayo yoqobo baye babe yinxalenye ngembali Iziporo Soviet kunye Russian.

Amaphutha SA3 coupler

SA3 coupler kunye nenani elithile iingxaki akakwazi ukwenza ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yabo;

• amacandelo ukwa mechanism kunye microcrack kwiyunithi.
• Nentaba imiphezulu umsebenzi wophuhliso, ezaphukileyo iifyuzi ulwandiso pharynx.
• Mqengqeleki, leyo engakhange abhalwe ekukhubekeni, esisigxina ezingachanekanga okanye ezingekho semgangathweni indlela mqengqeleki, ngokunjalo ukungabikho kwalo.
• Breakage le nesinqumka okanye isondo traction eligaqa. Kuqhuma kwi nesinqumka, kwaye kwesibambi traction isondo.
• Ivale kunye (okanye) i egxile evulekileyo neyophahla ukumiswa pendular. Singafakwanga kakuhle pendulum zokumiswa.
• Nedlac nesinqumka umqulu okanye mqengqeleki, ukuba amacandelo entanyeni zokutsalwa kwimithwalo.
• imicu Breakage okanye ukuyilwa neentanda kulo.

Injongo kukuba kugcinwe lo ibambelele umtya uqinisa, isibiyeli kwaye umnini actuator ngenxa uncoupling, Iziseko pin kunye nepleyiti abutment okanye iyayeka ngokwabo. Kruthu release lever nalo enkulu ukungasebenzi SA3 coupler.

Le ngasentla ke iimpazamo eziphambili. Ngenxa phambi kwezi iziphene coupling ezenzekelayo ukuba angakulungeli ukusetyenziswa, njengoko umsebenzi walo esitalini iya kuba umbuzo omkhulu. Ukuze ukuphelisa inani iindawo ezineziphene ithunyelwe ukuze ilungiswe. Amalungu ukuba zigugile ngaphandle iindawo zokusebenzela, engenakulungiseka kwaye kufakwe ezintsha.

Kulo mzekelo, kusenokubakho ngovukelo kunye ukutenxa kumgaqo. ukubonakala kwazo ayikho ngokwaneleyo amandla ubuso adhesion yaye ngenxa yoko, ngexesha uloliwe uncoupled. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na ngovukelo nokuphambuka ngaphezu kokubonisa oluqhelekileyo oluzenzekelayo phantsi ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza. Ekubeni ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kukho isoyikiso kubomi oololiwe abasetyenziswa luluntu.

iimpawu zothelekiso autohitches CA-3 no CAKv

Yoma zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini waniphawula kukuba isiqalo coupler omtsha umgangatho ekujongwe ukuba aqeqeshe izithuba Union European. Enye yezinto - CAKv baba ngokubanzi ngokwaneleyo, kungekuphela eYurophu kodwa koololiwe Russian.

CAKv waliseka phezu ngokusekelwe SA-3 kwaye isebenzisane ngokupheleleyo kuphuhliso Soviet. Noko ke, kukho umahluko kwinguqulelo German ye izinyo omkhulu lixhotyiswe ingqikelelo ezongezelelweyo ongenela slot okhethekileyo. Ngenxa kule nokuhlangana of a evakalala ufumana onzima.

Ziqinile coupling efanayo zingasetyenziswa ukudibanisa izihlanganisi zombane kunye nemigca wayaphula. CAKv wasebenzisa loqhakamshelwano zizisu oololiwe imithwalo emikhulu. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba izixhobo helical ezisetyenziswa SA-3 ayikho nako ukumelana yengcinezelo kwengoma imithwalo.

Amazwe apho kusetyenziswa SA3 coupler

Phezu kwayo 'ihloniphekile' ubudala, isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza coupler oluzenzekelayo SA-3 abaninzi yanelisekile, ukuba usathandwa kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Umzekelo, oku kusetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe Arab, afana Iran Iraq. Kwakhona coupler SA3 ingafunyanwa kwi zikaloliwe eMongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Estonia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, eFinland, Sweden naseRashiya.

Kulo nguqulo Russian lixhotyiswe izibiyeli ezongezelelweyo, nto leyo ethintela coupler ukwahlula imikhondo kaloliwe. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela inani iingozi kunye neengozi kaloliwe, unobangela leyo aphulwa piece coupler, wawa phantsi amavili kaloliwe, oko liye lehla kakhulu.

Ingcaciso izifinyezo CA-3

CA-3 Ufinyezo eliguqulelwe ngokuthi njengoko coupler yiSoviet oluzenzekelayo, le ndlela yesithathu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba emva indalo yayo, ngo-1935, waqala ukuguqulelwa zothutho kaloliwe yonke USSR kwi imodeli entsha ye device. Ngokupheleleyo utshintsho sagqitywa ngowe-1957.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngoxa zombini yayisetyenziswa ngokohlobo kwitsheyini yomtshato. Icebo ummandla ebuntsimbi apho ziqwenga zibini zaye welding chain. Corner ekhwele waya CA-3 ishedi, kakuhle ikhonkco olitshizayo hook welding, ukuya kufuphi nokuhlangana iqhosha lemenyu. Ngokusebenzisa le ngxenye bakwazi ukudibanisa kunye iimoto ezindala kunye nokuhlangana izixhobo SA3 coupler.

Yenza CA-3 kulula kakhulu ubomi sakwaloliwe. Injongo SA3 coupler isixhobo uvumelekile ukunciphisa imisebenzi yakhe phambi ngokudibana imikhono ukuqinisekisa elekhtrons kunye neentambo zombane.

anika umdla

coupler SA3 iye uyilo ngokwaneleyo ethandwayo ukuba lonke ixesha ikhona, ondiqinisileyo ngokwayo njenge item ethembekileyo elide ukuqhagamshela nokuzikhupha neenqwelwana ngokuzenzekelayo.

Injongo CA-3 unxulumano coupler kunye loqhawulo izinto kwabadlali, ngokunjalo, iimpawu zayo avumele isisebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo kokubonisa kunye uncoupling yenzeka njengoko kufuneka. Ngexesha lonke ubukho coupler Ndathatha inani leefekthi umdla malunga nesiqalelo:

• SA-3 yaphuhliswa-1932 kwi-USSR. abayili Soviet luthathe njengesiseko nokuhlangana oluzenzekelayo, ekuveliseni eUnited States (Willison inkqubo nokuhlangana ezenzekelayo), liphuhlise ngowe-1910, yaye phantse ukuphinda-ukudala uguqulelo zasekhaya. Kuye kwakhona yenzelwe uthethathethwano contour. Ngo-CA-3 West ibizwa ngokuba "coupling Russian zenzekelayo" okanye "coupling oluzenzekelayo Willison kunye loop Russian".
• Okubi Uqhawulo coupler CA-3 ekufuneka bezityhilizile intonga ngentsimbi kwi emngxunyeni ethile, nto leyo yahlulahlulwe izindlu zawo. amacandelo mechanism iya kuba kwindawo ukuqala, kakuhle kwaye coupler oluzenzekelayo ukuba concatenated.
• Avtostsepochny Castle iza uphawu khala. Yena a Buze, leyo bunokubonwa emazantsi device, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni lock ivulwe. Xa umsebenzi kwanombolo inkonzo oololiwe uhlolisisa coupler nganye, uthi inkqubo, lowo ufunda ukuba iimoto uncoupled ukusuka kwenye.
• Njengoko yaziwa, kufuphi nokuhlangana oluzenzekelayo lixhotyiswe isixhobo ebangel, isixhobo lubamba ifuthe likhusela isakhelo ukubetha kunye namacandelo mechanism coupler railcar ekutshatyalalisweni. Kodwa kaloliwe kunye isixhobo motovoznye SA3 coupler hhayi ifakwe data. Eyona nto kukuba phezu kaloliwe isakhelo kwaye motovoznoy ezinesiqalelo akukho isithuba loo nto.
• Inguqulelo Polish igama SA-3 coupler - ". Ngenqindi Brezhnev esithi"
• Ngowe-1898 lo mbuzo wabuzwa malunga kokugunyaziswa le coupler oluzenzekelayo kwi bakwaloliwe Russian. Enye ukhetho yaba coupler American Janney. Kodwa ingcamango yayekwa. Ngenxa unreliability ye kuyilo uguqulelo yaseMelika, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhethe efanelekileyo ukhetho kwi amalungiselelo ekhoyo kazwelonke ukuqaliswa kokubonisa oluzenzekelayo kokubonisa oluzenzekelayo kunye neemoto uncoupling elinye ngokungenammiselo.
• coupler oluzenzekelayo Soviet (ukhetho wesithathu) isetyenziswa kuphela xa amazwe awayesakuba yiSoviet Union, kodwa kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, afana Poland, Finland, eNorway naseSweden. CAKv version yaseYurophu yaphuhliswa isekelwe kwi-SA-3, nto leyo kokuphuculwa encinane ephinda isakhiwo coupler zasekhaya. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo basekhaya imicimbi, angaphandle nokuhlangana kunokwenzeka engqongqo, apho kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa iinqwelo kololiwe womthwalo.
• Iindleko avareji entsha SA-3 ngu 10 500 engange. Ukulungiswa kwe lokubolekwa lezixhobo isusela ukusuka engange-300 ukuya 1000. Ngenxa yokuba ngexesha coupler yokulungisa unako ukusindisa kakhulu isixa esikhulu semali.

isiphelo

Eshwankathela iziphumo ngentla, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-SA-3 coupler oluzenzekelayo - device ngokwaneleyo ethembekileyo kwaye luhlala evumela ukuba uyenze avtorastsepku kunye nokuhlangana iimoto. Kulo mzekelo, imeko izixhobo iimfuno okongezelelweyo: asifanele iindawo, amacandelo ezaphukileyo womatshini neentanda kwimeko kwaye iinkcukacha womatshini igugile. Kwimeko apho i-SA-3 ithunyelwa ukulungisa nandzu. Ukuba ifowuni enxitywa, oko latshintshelwa entsha.

SA3 coupler yasungulwa emva ngowe-1932 ngokusekelwe American coupling oluzenzekelayo Willison. Kwangaxeshanye, nabayili Soviet wawo kuyilo ekrelekrele kumphathi wesekethe nokuhlangana, apho coupler SA-3 wabizwa ngokuba "coupler oluzenzekelayo Russian".

Ukutshintshela ku coupling oluzenzekelayo kwaqala ngo-1935. Nangona usebenzisa isixhobo yenguqu ekuvumela ukudibanisa iinqwelo baxhotyiswa couplers isampula ezintsha ubudala. Ekugqibeleni ke inguqu yaphela ngo-1957. Ekuqaleni ezimbini sewaka SA-3 iguqulwe kancinane. Uyilo nokuhlangana baba kwizibiyeli ezizodwa ukunceda ukukhusela umgca kaloliwe ekukhubekeni ngeziqwenga kuye umgqobhozi angabikho nokuhlangana. Ukhuselo ngelaphu, nayo, kuthintela ukungaphumeleli iintolo, kwakunye kunciphisa amathuba ingozi neziphumo epheleleyo kwingozi uloliwe. coupling zaphuculwa ezisetyenziswa oololiwe abathwele iimveliso oli, kwakunye kwi nguloliwe abakhweli.

coupling oluzenzekelayo SA-3 waziwa ngokwaneleyo kakuhle eYurophu. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba inokuthenjwa elide. Kwangaxeshanye, njengoko sele sibonile, ngokusekelwe coupler eSoviet oluzenzekelayo yayiyilwe imizekelo emininzi naphaya amazwe kwesi sicwangciso.

Ngenxa yoko, kwisigqibo kukuba i-SA-3, ukwenziwa ngo-1932, nto ngaphezu nakho ukusebenza malunga elishumi okanye amabini eminyaka, okanye nangaphezulu. Ngapha koko, ukuthembeka kuyilo ulinganiswa nje kuphela ukusebenza kwayo; kodwa igama olukumgangatho ophezulu kunye neminyaka couplers rhoqo oluzenzekelayo kunye noololiwe rastsepok.

Kodwa nangona ukuthandwa ephakamileyo, ukuba indawo SA-3 weza CA-4 - it uyilo mihla ngakumbi kwaye lizinzile. Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa ioli esisahlulo sesithathu CA-4 ine ubomi ukwanda yesondlo-ezamahala run (200 000 eekhilomitha yesithathu nxamnye km abasisigidi CA-4).

Kwakhona, le yesine lula kwaye kakuhle ngaphezu kuneyokuqala yayo kakhulu. Nangona ukuvela coupler ugqibeleleyo SA-3 yayisathe eqhelekileyo, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kancinci, xa kuthelekiswa CA-4. SA-3 isekhona enye yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa athandwa kakhulu oluzenzekelayo.