Cisco imizila: model setting. izixhobo Network

imizila Cisco ixesha elide kwaye kube ethenjwa lwabasebenzisi abaninzi. Ngokuthembeka iminyaka emininzi, awugqithe kumthamo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kothungelwano. Ngoku Igama elithi "Sisco" liye laziwa amagama ezifana nomgangatho kunye nokuthembeka. Zonke njalo ngakumbi kwi Cisco ixabiso isoloko igcinwe ngaphakathi eyamkelekileyo.

Iimpawu imizila Cisco yesinye isitshixo

Okwangoku, ngokubanzi itshintshela series ezahlukeneyo imizila Cisco. Le series iquka imifuziselo eziliqela nezahlukileyo eziliqela iimpawu. Noko ke, bonke bephela lungohlulwa lube maqela alandelayo:

• imizila aphathekayo. Le misebenzi yenzelwe ukuba umbutho kothungelwano ezincinane kunye neziphakathi-isikali.

• Devices kunye isimaphambili ISR - itshintshela Ethernet luphawulwa yi nakubugcisa nezimo kakhulu. Ngokufaka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izicelo kunokuba ngamabona ukwandisa izakhono zabo.

• device yemodyuli. Ukuba nokwenzeka izixhobo ezinjalo ekwayiyo ngokudibanisa zonke iintlobo iminqongo, ngoko uyakwazi ukulawula eguquguqukayo izakhiwo yentsimbi. Kuyanconywa ukuba bafumane isikali ezincinane kunye neziphakathi.

Zonke izixhobo basebenza kugqithiso ulwamkelo yimiqulu yolwazi kumgangatho wesithathu OSI. Ungasebenzisa ukuba ukwakha uthungelwano bonke ubukhulu kunye neenjongo. Cisco izixhobo VPN-imigudu inkxaso ezi zilandelayo: L2TP, DMVPN, IPsec, GRE kunye PPTP. Ukubeka up VPN kwi zendlela Cisco uya kuvumela ukuze adlulisele iinkcukacha ngenethwekhi esekelwe yimfihlo zombhalo.

Cisco 2960 itshintshela series nazo eziliqela imifuziselo, kodwa iimpawu ezifana ngazo ezi zezi:

• kwinqanaba L2;
• inani zamazibuko inkxaso - 8, 24 okanye 48;
• PoE amandla unikezelo, PoE +;
• inkxaso uqhagamshelo olukhuselekileyo;
• rate amazibuko inokuba ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo umzila - 100 megabit, 1 gigabit;
• amathuba zokubumba ngokufumba kakuhle kwezinye iindlela ezikhoyo, ngoxa abanye - hayi.

A feature of imizila ukusuka Cisco kungathathwa ukuba badla kakhulu ezizodwa. Awukho ku kumgca yabo ezinye iimodeli jikelele ezisenokusebenza ngokulinganayo nendawo yokuhlala ukuze kwakhiwe kuthungelwano ikhaya, kwaye inkampani okanye kwi-ofisi. Umgca ngamnye unoxanduva into eyahlukileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abe ezikhethiweyo elimxinwa kakhulu. Ngoko ke eli xesha kufuneka ucinge xa bekhetha izixhobo womnatha Cisco kaThixo, nkqu umzila kakhulu eninzi kwaye phambili okanye umzila kusenokuba iseti engento of iibhodi kunye neengcingo kwindawo enye isixhobo ebalulekileyo kakhulu - kwezinye.

Umkhomba-Cisco izicwangciso zekhompyutha

Ukumisela izixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo uhamba nxamnye migca ilandelayo:

1. Ukumisela uthungelwano Wi-Fi lokukala. Yayamkela networks obuboniswe ukuvumela lula ukuphendula utshintsho oluyimfuneko nokulawula iindleko eliphantsi kunye ngokuhlanganisa yenethiwekhi.
2. Sebenzela ucwangcisa zeefoni Internet esekelwe Cisco. Ngu eli lungiselelo ukuze bendiqonda inethwekhi yendawo ngaphakathi ofisi enye okanye ushishino, aqokele jikelele - yokudibanisa uthungelwano ezininzi bendawo omnye. Kukho ezahlukeneyo kunye unxulumane nabantu 350 no-30 000 kunye yokunqumbana.
3. Cisco-setting Firewall kunye IPS. Nalencoko yokhuseleko womnatha - yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi debug, zibe babesilela nayiphi na imeko.
4. Kulungiselelwa izixhobo network iliso. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isoftwe ekhethekileyo evela Cisco. Ngenxa koku kuya kubakho iingxaki kunye zokungahambisani macandelo hardware ne-software, kunye nomlawuli iya kuba nako nangaliphi na ixesha ukufumana ulwazi njongo malunga umsebenzi womnatha kunye nexesha ukuba uyiphendule iingxaki ezinokubakho.
5. Kulungiselelwa Cisco VPN. Xa oku kuthetha komdibaniso ndawo uthungelwano local eziliqela mnye, kubandakanywa ngokobume ezahlulwe imigama enkulu ngokwaneleyo. Kwakhona, kusenokufuneka ukudibanisa workstations yabasebenzi ngamnye nezibonelelo jikelele lweshishini.

Indlela uqhagamshele umzila kwi computer yakho

Kakade ke, izixhobo womnatha uqala ukudibanisa ku computer yakho. Zendlela kanga nge PC ngokusebenzisa i console intambo okhethekileyo. Emva koko likwaqhuba enomzami wokulungisa indlela yesiphelo. Naye kunye nemfuneko ukungena onke amaqela kwixesha elizayo.

imizila abaninzi imizila basebenzisa nangoku COM-port ukuba uqhagamshelwano kwikhompyutha. Noko ke, asingabo bonke iimoto mihla loo izibuko iyafumaneka. Kulo mzekelo, ukunceda amaqhoshana ezikhethekileyo ze USB-COM. Kuxhomekeke kuqwalaselo, ukuba mhlawumbi ukuba izikhwebu ne izixhobo womnatha, kwaye ayithunyelwanga. Kodwa ke kubhetele ukuba ukhethe umfuziselo sele natively ixhasa indlela yokuqhagamshelana nge USB.

Njengoko izibuko ucaciselwe: 9600/8-N-1. Ukuba ufuna ukulayisha kwakhona uqwalaselo umzila kwikhaya engenanto, kufuneka anike umyalelo: ukwenza. zilayishwe Ngaloo mode Exec. Ukuze uqale enephepha ecocekileyo, tayipha umyalelo zilandelayo: ndicime kuqaliso-config. Kwaye uqale umyalelo nezixhobo: layisha. Yokusebenza umbuzo wokuba ingaba ukuba ufake useto window kufuneka iphendulwe kule negative.

Noko ke, konke oku kulapha ngentla, unako ukwenza ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba ufumane config engenanto.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga syntax console imiyalelo kwi imizila kunye imizila Cisco

Njengoko izixhobo Cisco, linganiki eziqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi windowing Windows. Yonke imiyalelo afakiwe nge-terminal console. Kwaye ke kuyimfuneko ukuba zilandele ngqo le migaqo ilandelayo:

• ukuba ufake uphawu lombuzo, ngoko Sisco izakubonisa uluhlu imiyalelo ezikhoyo kunye operands;
• igama okanye igama wena Kuyanconywa ukunciphisa ngokupheleleyo ubuncinane;
• ukuhlela yelayini yomyalelo akuvumelekanga kwi-terminal console, njengoko kwenziwa Linux okanye Unix iinkqubo;
• ukuba umqhubi watshintsha ingqondo yakhe ukwenza umyalelo, oko ziphazamise ekwenzeni kwayo ngokuchwetheza ilizwi NO;
• ukuya kwinqanaba ukufikelela 0 (lwabaqalayo) 15 (administrator), kufuneka ukuba ufake umyalelo: ukwenza Nomer_urovnya_dostupa.

Inika SSH

Kokufaka zendlela ingaqala nesibakala sokuba SSH iya eyabelwe ngokwendalo zonke uqhagamshelwano. Xa usebenzisa Ssh, ungadlulisela nayiphi na idata esuka kwikhompyutha kude ngemigudu ngokufihlisa. Ukunika Ssh e Cisco, kufuneka:

• Yenza indlela advanced ukuba umyalelo kunye namalungelo.
• Bonisa ixesha ngqo yangoku.
• Ukuze uqale ngqo ukuqwalasela inkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukunika umyalelo: umzila # ukuqwalasela isiphelo.
• Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka akhankanye igama domain, yaye oku kwenziwe umyalelo: umzila (config) # ip igama lethambeka mydomain.ru.
• iqhosha elizinyelisiweyo into eyenziwe umyalelo: umzila (config) iqhosha # crypto ukwenza RSA.
• Ukuze uqalise umsebenzisi entsha, umyalelo kwi console: umzila (config) # lomsebenzisi lomsebenzisi ilungelo 11 lokugqitha 7 my_passwd. Apha, loo nto ixela ukuba Cisco isixhobo uqwalaselo kwinqanaba umsebenzisi-11, nto leyo ayifumaneki ngokupheleleyo zonke iikomiti. Kodwa uyakwazi ukwenza i umsebenzisi ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka ukhankanye inqanaba lokungena ayikho-11, kwaye ubuninzi - 15.
• Sebenzisa imiyalelo: umzila (config) # aaa entsha-imodeli indlela (config) # umgca vty 0 4 runs AAA protocol kunye uqwalaselo zibandakanyiwe ukuba imigca terminal. Kwimeko apha --0 ukuya ku-4.
• Ukusebenzisa imiyalelo: umzila (config-line) igalelo # sothutho ssh umzila (config-line) # ukungena yolunye wabelwa ukuba abe engagqibekanga SSH kuyo.
• Kuhleli kuphela ukuba uphume zonke iindlela, uze ukugcina utshintsho. Oku kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo ilandelayo: umzila (config-line) #exit umzila (config) # yokuphuma umzila # bhala.

Indlela ukuhlela Cisco kumazibuko

Ukuze ufake useto imo kuqwalaselo jikelele ukuba ichweba Cisco, kufuneka ukuchwetheza umyalelo ngolu hlobo:

conf t

interface fa0 / 2.

Uyakwazi ukuqwalasela amazibuko Cisco zilandelayo:

• Access Port. Eli zibuko terminal siboniswe ngqo kwi isixhobo umthengi lowo - i modem, omnye umzila okanye ngqo kwi PC, nto leyo iya kunikwa kwezithuthi obungu-. Xa uchwetheza kwi konsole switchport lokufikelela imo, nezibuko ekhethiweyo iguqulelwe imowudi ukufikelela, yaye kuya kumpompoza phezu vlan 1. zonke izithuthi Kodwa xa ufundisa switchport ufikelelo vlan 310, i-data ziya kudluliselwa vlan 310.
• Umboko port. Eli zibuko kufuneka aqeshwe, ukuba kwelinye icala kukho isixhobo womnatha - itshintshela Ethernet, imizila, njl Ukuze usebenzise eli zibuko, kufuneka ubhalise kwi-console: .. Switchport imo buti - ukusebenza umfuziselo 2950. Kodwa 2960, lo myalelo kancane eyahlukileyo:

mode umboko switchport

switchport umboko encapsulation dot1q.

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa kuphela vlan ethile, i console kufuneka lingeniswe: buti switchport vlan alloved 310, 555 - oko kukuthi amanani vlan wodwa ngeziphumlisi;

• port Hybrid. Ports Cisco uqwalaselo ayibandakanyi umsebenzi izibuko hybrid, ke, konyula naliphina izibuko njenge hybrid kunokuba, xa ukhetha buti lezibuko nativ lakhe vlan. Uyakwazi ukubona oku umzekelo syntax imiyalelo zilandelayo kwi console:

switchport mode umboko (trunk port idaliwe)

switchport umboko vlan alloved 310,555 (amazibuko ezifana asetyenziswa vlan 310 no 555)

umboko switchport vlan lweenkobe 310 (yonke vlan yendlela obungu- kwanwenwa 310, yaye abanye - 555).

inkqubo yoqwalaselo Port sithathelwe ingqalelo yi umzekelo Sisco 2960 - enye ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Noko ke, kwezinye imingcelele units yesenzo ezifanayo.

Indlela I seta njani

Xa useto kwakhona, ifayile yoqwalaselo kususiwe, onke utshintsho entle kuya kufuneka ukuba kuphindaphindwe, yaye ngoko ke kwalahlwa kuyo kaninzi kubonwa njengento yokugqibela.

Kulula ukwenza. Ukuze wenze oku, animele uqhagamshele kuphela intambo ukuya umzila console kwaye ngenisa umyalelo kulawulo console: ishambi # sula sesiqalo-config. Kwaye ngoko: Layisha. Le zendlela ke kwakhona emva ukuqalisa le config ahlambuluke ngokupheleleyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Cisco ngocwangcisa kufuneka enqabile. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu okanye enye kokuba kusafuneka ukuyenza. Kwakhona kufuneka ungalibali emva izicwangciso recovery kubuya ixabiso irejista umyalelo: config-irejista 0x2102.

Njengoko ukugcina uqwalaselo

Kuba naziphi na izixhobo womnatha, kuquka Sisco, kwisethingi - oku konke. Kwakhona sifanele sibe nako ukusindisa oko sele kumisa, oko kukuthi, ukugcina utshintsho.

Le imizila ukusuka Cisco, kukho iindidi ezimbini zolondolozo:

• isixhobo memory;
• kwimemori lasekhaya non-aziphethe ngayo.

Uhlobo lokuqala kubhaliwe zonke eziveliswa kule khosi yotshintsho, kodwa xa ukuqalisa izixhobo ukuba ezilahlekileyo, kwaye iya booted kunye izicwangciso ukusuka kwimemori iqala. Noko ke, izixhobo Cisco yenzelwe ngendlela yokuba wenze ngqo utshintsho siqalo uqwalaselo akwenzeki. Ukuze asindise lonke utshintsho kwinkumbulo non-eguquguqukayo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza oku kulandelayo:

1. Khuphela izicwangciso zangoku kwi iqela yokuqala: #copy ibaleka-config sesiqalo-config.
2. Khuphela izicwangciso zangoku kwi umyalelo FTP-server: #copy uyasebenza-config tftp: // igama leseva.

inkqubo ukuqwalasela Cisco wesithathu-party

Kuba uhlengahlengiso izixhobo Cisco unokuthabatha indawo lula kakhulu kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukuba usebenzisa le njongo iinkqubo ezizodwa. Noko ke, kunokuba njengomba incasa: enongwe sysadmins ngokuqinileyo ukuya ujongano yayo console, yaye akukho mandla kwindalo ukuya kude kulo kubadlavula.

Ezinye efanayo, ingakumbi wabaqalayo, unako recommended ukulayishela ezinye izicelo ezinokuthi lula umsebenzi wokumiswa izixhobo Cisco:

1. Eyokuqala izixhobo rhoqo Windows - inkqubo Hyper Terminal. Noko ke, kwiinguqulelo zakutshanje Windows, ibe akasinikanga njenge standard. Ukuze ufake i Hyper Terminal, khetha "Windows Components" uze ufumane umba "Accessories kunye izicelo eziluNcedo" kwaye nqakraza kwi kwikhusi iqhosha "Isakhiwo". Okulandelayo, kufuneka ufumane umba "Unxibelelwano" kwaye ngoku nqakraza kwi "Ukwakheka 'uze uphawule ibhokisi inkqubo Hyper Terminal.
2. Putty - yinto isicelo freeware for Windows kunye Linux; pretty elungileyo enomzami wokulungisa indlela yesiphelo. Yena wathandeka ngabalawuli inkqubo abaninzi.
3. Cisco Device Connections Inkqubo - inkqubo ezizodwa zokumisa kwaye ukuyilwa uthungelwano Sisco, iimpawu zayo mihle. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba sele ngezisebenzelwanoezibuya epheleleyo ikhulu ekhulwini zonke izixhobo Cisco. Inkqubo yokuqala Device Connections Sisco ukuba kubekwe isicelo emalitshintshwe apha naphaya umsebenzisi mfundi ofuna ukwakha uthungelwano zobukhulu ezincinane ngaphakathi ishishini okanye ikhaya isikali encinane.
4. A program olungileyo - analogu Putty - on Linux Minicom kungathathwa nje iphakheji.

interface uqwalaselo Amacebo

Kakade ke, Ulothetha umsebenzi ukusuka yesiphelo - umsebenzi eya kubangela umdla hayi yonke umsebenzisi. A software wesithathu kufuneka ukulandwa, maxa wambi akukho simahla. Noko ke, kukho ithuba lokuba ibandakanye kujongano lomzobo ngqo kwibhrawuza web. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka kuqala ukufaka imodyuli Java ezizodwa, apho zingakotshwa ngekhompyutha kweli ziko lewebhu Java esemthethweni. Imodyuli kuthiwa jre. Ukongeza, isicelo SDM efunekayo - oko sifakelwe zozibini umzila ngokwayo, kwaye yokusebenza.

Okulandelayo, kufuneka ukucwangcisa iimvume kwi isikhangeli ukubonisa pop-ups kwaye usebenzise isiqulatho esisebenzayo.

Kamsinya nje ekuqaleni SDM, kuya kufuneka ukuba liwuqhube lo IP-idilesi vlan1 izibuko pre-ekhethiweyo. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ususe le bhokisi yokukhangela ecaleni HTTP ukhetho.

Emva ngokucindezela isiqalo iqhosha kuzakubonakala incoko yababini, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufake iqela password-yokungena. Ukuba yonke into wangena ngokuchanekileyo - iza kusebenza inkqubo window SDM esebenzayo ngqo kwibhrawuza.

Ukubeka up umgca model i Linksys

Ukuba umsebenzisi unawo zendlela ukusuka kumgca model Linksys, umsebenzi wokumiswa kwindawo lomzobo kuba lula kakhulu. Emva kokuba uxhulumaniso kwanele ukuba uchwetheza kwi bar idilesi isikhangeli: 192.168.1.1. Kwaye ngoko balayishe useto window ukwimo lomzobo.

Okokuqala kufuneka utshintshe nangoko password yakho ngemvume kwi imveliso ongagqibekanga: admin - admin. Oku kwenziwa emva kokuba utshintsho kwi Administration tab. Kule thebhu, ungenza ukwenza izicwangciso reserve yogcino.

Okulandelayo kufuneka uye Wireless - Basic Wireless Setup, kule thebhu ukuba Ukuseta useto kule ncwadi yesikhokelo (Manual). Njengoko key secret iqhele ukusetyenziswa nenombolo yesiriyeli kwefowuni.

Kuhleli kuphela ukukhetha uhlobo lonxibelelwano Internet kwiikholam ahambelanayo ukuqhuba isicwangciso olunika umboneleli.

izilungiselelo iphasiwedi ngobuciko

Xa ndiqukumbela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abalawuli inkqubo abaninzi aluquki Ukufihla zokuvula zakho ngokuhlonipha. Kwaye ilize, kuba xa kungaphelelanga parameter "password" omnye kuphela xa ekudaleni password, ngoko kunokuba ngempumelelo "ukudibanisa" of SNMP ilimaze ukhuseleko kwinkqubo yonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto kucetyiswa ukuba ukusebenza kunye amalungelo sebenzisa i parameter «imfihlelo». Ingongoma kukuba xa sisebenzisa parameter «igama», lokugqitha lugcinwe kwi kwacaca kwifayile yoqwalaselo, kwaye ukuba inzuzo parameter «imfihlelo», igama lokugqitha uzaku guqulelwa kwi khowudi.

Kwimeko yokugqibela, umyalelo ukucwangcisa ufihlo lokugqitha kufuneka akhangele into anjengala alandelayo: umzila (config) imfihlelo #enable PASS , apho ZOKUPASA ucaciselwe password. Oku kucwangcisa i lokugqitha ukuze amalungelo imo ende.

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo oluthile izixhobo Cisco, wasele hardware kunye software abafani, kodwa ngokubanzi, umfanekiso ibukeka kanye njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.