Bunin, "Village": uhlalutyo. "Ilali", iBunin: abalinganiswa abakhulu

Eyona ndlela isisigxina, i-organic, entsha kwi- Bunin yomsebenzi wokudala wonyaka wokuqala emva kokuguqulwa kuka-1905-1907. Yaba nomnqweno wokufunda izinto zentlalo. Imisebenzi yale minyaka iquka ukubonakalisa okunzulu kwimbali yaseRashiya, abantu bayo, i-future revolution yaseRussia. Kukho ukupakishwa kweengcamango zesizwe, zembali, iingcamango zokucinga.

Impawu eziqhelekileyo ze "Village"

Ibali elithi "Village", elidalwe ngowe-1910, linomxholo onzima kwizinto zangaphandle zendalo. Lo ngowomnye wemisebenzi yokuqala yokuqala ye-Ivan Alekseevich ebhalwe phantsi kweprose. Ngaphezulu kwendalo yakhe, umbhali wasebenza iminyaka eyi-10, eqala umsebenzi ngo-1900.

UVoronovsky wachaza lo msebenzi, ovula umjikelo wendawo kwidolophu yaseBunin, njengokufunda ngezizathu 'zokungaphumeleki okungazikhunjulwayo' (oko kukuthi, izizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kweenguqulelo). Nangona kunjalo, oku kumxholo we-semantic webali akukhawulelwanga. Ibali lemihlali yamaRashiya ehlaselwa kwi "Village" ngenye yeenkcazelo ezinonono kakhulu zexesha lomyalelo weentloko zomkhosi kwimbali yamaxesha anamhlanje. Kukho umfanekiso oqhelekileyo: idolophana yindawo yokufa kunye nendlala.

Umsebenzi lowo umlobi uzibekelele ukubonakalisa abantu baseRussia ngaphandle kweengcamango. Ngenxa yoko, u-Ivan Alekseevich uhlalutya ngengqondo ("Village"). UBunin wayenempahla ecebileyo, eyanika umlozi owaziwayo imihla ngemihla, ubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye neengqondo zeRussia. Ubomi obuthathaka, obunentlupheko, apho ukubonakala kwabantu - ukunyamekela, ukungahambelani, iinkohlakalo ezinobungqina - kuboniswa ngumlobi, ukufikelela kwizigqibo, kunye nokuqhuba uhlalutyo olupheleleyo.

"Ilali" (Bunin): isiseko semeko yomsebenzi

Isiseko seengcamango yendaba ibonakalisa ubunzima kunye nengxaki yombuzo othi "Ngubani na omele?". U-Kuzma Krasov, omnye wabalinganiswa abaphambili, uhlaba ngokugqithiseleyo isisombululo salombuzo. Ukholelwa ukuba akukho nto yokuphuma kubantu abangenabuhlungu, kodwa umntakwabo, iTihon Krasov, - ukuba abalimi ngokwabo baxanduva le meko.

Abalinganiswa ababini abakhankanywe ngasentla ngabalinganiswa abakhulu balo msebenzi. I-Tikhon Krasov ibandakanya ubuso bomnini omtsha wendawo, kunye no-Kuzma ngabantu abanengqondo. UBunin ukholelwa ukuba abantu ngokwayo bayakubeka isohlwayo ngenxa yeengxaki, kodwa ayiniki impendulo ecacileyo kumbuzo, oko kufuneka kwenziwe.

Ibali elithi "Village" (Bunin): ukwakheka komsebenzi

Ibali lenzeke kwidolophana yaseDurnovka, eyona mfanekiso oqokelelweyo wedolophana. Kule sihloko kukho inkcazo ye-idiocy yobomi bakhe.

Ukubunjwa kwahlula kwiindawo ezintathu. Eyokuqala kwiphakathi nguThikhon, kwinqanaba lesibini - u-Kuzma, kwintathu yesithathu kubandakanya ubomi bobabini abazalwana. Ngenxa yesiseko seendawo zabo, iingxaki zedolophana yaseRussia ziboniswa. Imifanekiso kaZuzma neThikhon iimeko ezininzi.

U-Tikhon, ekubeni ngumzukulwana wee-serfs ezikwazi ukuzityebi kwaye zibe ngumnini welifa, ndiqinisekile ukuba imali yinto ethembekileyo kwihlabathi. Lo mntu osebenza nzima, okhaliphile kunye onamandla onamandla ufuna ukuphelisa ubomi bakhe bonke ekuphandeleni ubutyebi. UZuzma Krasov, umhloli weqiniso kunye nomlobi wabantu, ubonakalisa ekupheleni kweRashiya, ejongene nentlupheko yabantu kunye nokubuyiselwa kwabalimi.

Izithombe zikaZuzma neThikhon

Kulo mzekelo kaZuzma Bunin ubonisa iimpawu ezivelayo zengqondo yabantu abatsha, u-Kuzma ucinga ngokukhuseleka nobudenge babantu, ukuba izizathu zezi zinto azikho nje iimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi apho abalimi bewela khona, kodwa nakwabo. Ngokuphambene nomfanekiso weli qhawe u-Ivan Bunin ("isiGodi") ubonisa ukubalwa kweThoni kunye nokuzingca. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo uyandisa inkunzi, kwaye kwindlela eya kumandla kunye nokuchuma akuyeki nayiphi na indlela. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ulwalathiso olukhethiweyo, uvakalelwa kukuba unxungupheko kunye nokungabi nalutho, ezihambelana ngqo nekamva kwixesha elizayo lelizwe, ukutyhila imifanekiso yenkqubo enobugonyamelo neyingozi.

Ngeengxabano, iingcamango, izigqibo zabazalwana malunga nabo kunye nelizwe labo, umbhali ubonisa ukukhanya kunye nobumnyama bomntu wabantu bezilwanyana, abonakalisa ubunzulu bokuncipha kwehlabathi elizwe, ukuhlalutya. "Ilali" (Bunin) yinkcazo ebhaliweyo yenkcazo kwiimeko ezibuhlungu kwiimeko ezihlala kwiindawo.

Ingxenye yesithathu yomsebenzi inikezelwe ekuboniseni abazalwana ngexesha leengxaki - ukugqithisa iziphumo zobomi zabalinganiswa abakhulu bomsebenzi "Village" (Bunin). Aba bantu abanelisekanga ngobomi: U-Kuzma uxinezelekile, kwaye unelisekile, u-Tikhon uxhalabile ngentlekele yakhe (ukungabikho kwabantwana), kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweziseko zentlangano yasekhaya yasekhaya. Abazalwana baqonda ukungaqiniseki kwimeko apho bafumene khona. Nangona ulwahlulo kubalinganiswa babo kunye neenjongo zabo, iimbasa zala maqhawe amabini zifana neendlela ezininzi: nangona ukukhanya kwabo kunye nokuchuma, indawo yezenhlalakahle yenza izinto ezingabalulekanga kwaye ezingadingekile.

Ukuhlolwa kombhali we-revolution

Ibali elithi "Village" (Bunin) luvavanyo olucacileyo, olunyanisekileyo nolwenyaniso lwaseRussia ngexesha lokuphila kombhali. Kubonisa ukuba abo "abavukeli" abananto kunye nabantu abayiziphukuphuku, bekhulile ngokunyaniseka kunye nokungabikho kwenkcubeko, kwaye ukuqhankqalaza kwabo kuyimfuneko yokutshintsha into ethile. Nangona kunjalo, abakwazi ukwenza ukuguqulwa kweengqondo zabo, ezihlala zingenathemba kunye ne-bony, njengoko uhlalutyo lomlobi lubonisa. Idolophana yaseBunin libuhlungu.

Umfanekiso wezilwanyana

Abafana bavela phambi komfundi kuzo zonke izinto ezimbi: ukubetha abantwana kunye nabafazi, ukusela, ukuhlambalaza izilwanyana. Uninzi lwe-durnovtsy nje awuqondi into eyenzekayo. Ngoko ke, u-Koshel usebenze ngolunye usuku eCaucasus, kodwa akakwazi ukuthetha nantoni ngaye, ngaphandle kokuba kukho "intaba entabeni". Ingqondo yakhe "ihlwempu", uyayiphendula yonke into engaqondakaliyo, entsha, kodwa ikholelwa ukuba uye wabona umlingo wangoku kutshanje.

Utitshala e-Durnovka lijoni, isona sikhulu esiqhelekileyo ngokubonakala, sithwele, nangona kunjalo, into engafanelekanga ukuba "yayinokutshala ngezandla" kuphela. Ukuqeqeshwa kwakubonakala kuye njengesiqhelo sokuqeqeshwa komkhosi.

Umsebenzi "Village" (Bunin) usinika umfanekiso ocacileyo omnye - indoda yaseGrey. Wayeyona nto ihlwempu kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, enemihlaba eninzi. Emva kokuba iGrey yakha indlu entsha, kodwa kwakudingeka ukufudumala ebusika, ngoko okokuqala watshisa uphahla, waza wathengisa indlu. Le nqhawe enqabile ukusebenza, ihlala ingasebenzi kwindawo yokuhlala, kwaye abantwana bayesaba ukutya, kuba bajwayele ukuhlala ebumnyameni.

Idolophana lonke elaseRashiya, ngoko umsebenzi ubonakalisa isithuba selizwe lonke. UBunin wayekholelwa ukuba abalimi banokukwazi ukuvukela ngokungazenzisiyo. Ibali lichaza indlela ababeye bavukela kuyo yonke indawo. Kwaphela neqiniso lokuba abalimi bavutha iziza ezimbalwa, "bafa baza bathula".

Isiphelo

U-Ivan Alekseevich wasolwa ngokuthiyile abantu, wayengayazi le dolophu. Kodwa umlobi akaze adale ibali elinjalo lokubhoboza, ukuba akazange ahlakulele ngenxa yelizwe lakhe kunye nabalimi, njengoko kuboniswe kumsebenzi othi "Village." UBunin wayefuna ukubonisa umxholo webali lakhe yonke indawo yasendle kunye nomnyama okuvimbela abantu kunye nelizwe ukuba bangaphuhlisi.