Black lomhlaba - na ... Ingcaciso, ukwakheka, iimpawu, izicelo kunye neendidi

Zonke cottagers abanamava kunye Fikizolo eyaziwa ukuba umhlaba omnyama - yeyona umhlaba kakhulu echumayo. Alinako indawo naziphi nezichumiso kuba wadalwa ngokwemvelo ngokwayo. Chernozem kungenziwa ngokuba esiphilayo, nto leyo awukwazi ukudala enziwe. A ambalwa eminyaka ilikhulu ezichithwa kwinguqu izimbiwa kunye izinto eziphilayo kumhlaba otyebileyo, nto leyo ke kusetyenziswa zizityalo kuphuhliso lwabo.

Namhlanje, nangoncedo eli lizwe bekusoloko okuninzi leenkampani. Yenza ukhetho ekunene ukusuka ezahlukeneyo izindululo ukunceda ukuqonda ngokucacileyo kulo mhlaba. Sidinga ukuba sazi iimpawu eziphambili lomhlaba abamnyama iiyantlukwano zalo kwezinye imihlaba.

Black lomhlaba - kukuba emhlabeni?

Njengoko igama libonisa, eli lizwe bungabonakala umbala yayo emnyama. Kwakhona linophawu isakhiwo kunye nevumba abayinqobo kuye, olwenzeka ngenxa isixa esikhulu wamatye. Le into ephilayo senziwa ngexesha ukubola zeentsalela zezityalo.

ukuchuma komhlaba njengoko ixesha luchazwa umxholo wamatye. Oko kukuthi, ngcono ke. Kuxhomekeka inani wamatye bomhlaba abamnyama kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli nani isusela ukusuka 3-15%, nto leyo ingqalelo eqhelekileyo.

Iimpawu zomhlaba chernozem

1. Ngenxa zesakhiwo yayo, umhlaba omnyama isoloko ngaphezulu okanye emnyama ngaphantsi, nto leyo yinto eqhelekileyo. I kuhlwa kukuthi, wamatye ngakumbi emhlabeni.

2. Ububanzi avareji yelizwe umhlaba omnyama yi iisentimitha 60-140.

3. Umhlaba iqulethe izondlo ezinyibilikayo, ngokuqinisekileyo enza ngayo ukufuma kunye nobushushu.

4. wamatye chernozem iqulethe inombolo yerekhodi kunye calcium ngoko ke otyebileyo. Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa kuzinze, ngokulula wendele izityalo kunye akubangeli okubi.

5. Ubume zeli lizwe sofele ezahlukeneyo uhlalutye. Ngenxa oku iyamelana ukugangatheka, leaching, yemozulu kwaye ukuyilwa soma. Ngokusebenzisa i enjalo inkqubo yezityalo iingcambu umhlaba ofumana imali ngokupheleleyo ukufuma kunye nomoya. Sekunjalo, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba akukho okubi ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba ukongeza kwi wamatye umgquba okanye esantini.

Iimpawu kunye nokwakhiwa komhlaba

• Umxholo calcium eliphezulu - 70%.
• A imali ebonakalayo asidi humic - ukuya kwi-15%.
• Magnesium - ku-20%.
• Nitrogen, phosphorus, isalfure kunye nezinye izondlo equlathwe imali encinci.

Konke oku kunika yamnandi amanzi wamatye umgangatho womoya kunye iasidi cala, ubuncinane - awana.

Umbala we umhlaba omnyama

umbala lomhlaba kuyahlukana nedlela iimeko zayo imichiza ukubunjwa, ukufuma komhlaba. Soloko ingqalelo umbala, kuba ngumsebenzi omninzi ifikeleleke ukuze ahlolwe.

Iziqalelo zibalulekileyo zithathwa amaqela amathathu. izinto Humic kwindawo edyojiweyo emnyama, mnyama ilizwi hina. Manganese kunye nentsimbi unika shades ebomvu mdaka. Sayingqombela-orenji okanye umbala omthubi ibonisa ubukho iikhompawundi zentsimbi emhlabeni.

Chernozem inombala ezimhlophe xa yahlanjwa ngeemveliso yokubola candelo bezimbiwa le, salinization kwenzeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba yeyexesha langoku kaolin, gypsum, nemagnesium, dust kunye calcium carbonate.

iintlobo bomhlaba abamnyama

Iingcali ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintlanu umhlaba omnyama, kuxhomekeke kummandla sezulu.

1. I leached. Senziwe kwindawo ehlathini-emathafeni ngenxa izityalo forb-ingca ukubola.

2. Ordinary. Lokuba kwimimandla emathafeni, emva kokufa imifuno ezahlukeneyo.

3. ashed. Senzeka emahlathini broadleaf herbaceous.

4. South. Kuye kwasekwa ngexesha yokubola kohlaza ingca fescue-iintsiba. Oku kunokubonwa kwimimandla emathafeni kwimimandla esemazantsi.

5. gumbini. lokhu lomhlaba lwenzeka kwi obambe emva kokufa kwezityalo motley-cereal ezikhula ehlathini kunye basike.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba owona mhlaba oku kulandelayo luhlobo lomhlaba olusemazantsi emnyama. Oku kungenxa kwizabelo nehumasi eliphezulu kakhulu kubume bayo, nto leyo evumela ukufumana stably izivuno ezilungileyo. Ngenxa yale msebenzi, umhlaba esemazantsi yaziswa kakhulu ngokuthi abakhenkethi kunye namafama.

Kwakhona azakubalulwa the black nehumasi lomhlaba umaleko.

1. low-amandla avareji. Ubunzulu ingenzeka wamatye yi iisentimitha 25-70.

2. uSomandla. Wamatye isusiwe ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya kwiimitha 0.7-1.2.

3. Heavy-umsebenzi. Wamatye ingafunyanwa kwi kubunzulu yeemitha 1.2-1.5.

Xa abantu, ezi ndidi zilandelayo umhlaba omnyama: isanti, udongwe novunduvundu, nto leyo ibandakanya isanti, udongwe novunduvundu.

Formation of the zemihlaba abamnyama umhlaba

Sifuna izinto ezimbalwa ukuze kwakhiwe kumhlaba otyebileyo. Le sezulu lizwekazi ikakhulu epholileyo okanye ukumodareyitha. Udongwe kufuneka ibe imali eyaneleyo izinto eziphilayo nezinto ezincane. neemeko zoxinzelelo kufuneka ezifana kwixesha mzuzu of xa belele kunye desiccation. Umhlaba kufuneka ibe iliwa elithile (rhoqo amaplanga).

Ihlangabezana zonke ezi nqobo kumhlaba abamnyama yommandla eMoscow kunye neminye imimandla esembindini of Western eSiberia kunye nommandla iVolga. Oku akuthethi ukuba kwezinye iindawo bagwetyelwe isivuno esibi. Ukuba umhlaba lowo kwindawo amahlwempu osisivunda isanti okanye ukukhanya, unako ukuthenga umhlaba ochumileyo.

Ukuphuculwa zeempawu zomhlaba

Kukho imisebenzi nokuba kwimihlaba amahlwempu ezikuvumela ukufumana izivuno eziphezulu. Ngelo xesha xa iintyatyambo ezikhulayo, Ukutyala zokuhomba, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kubalulekile ukuba ndimaphule inkcubeko wokufama. Umntu akanawo amandla okuphelisa ezisemgangathweni ngakumbi umhlaba ukwenza nto, ndinethemba ukuba izityalo ukuzinakekela.

cottagers abanamava kunye namafama wazi ukuba umhlaba omnyama fresh akadingi isichumiso ngeengxowa. Ukuze kuba isivuno esihle kuso potassium ngokwaneleyo, iphosphate kunye nitrogen. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba ezi oovimba ziya kuba umhlaba owaneleyo ubuninzi iminyaka emithathu. ixesha ngalinye ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi yawo, izityalo ziya abaphume izondlo zomhlaba, okoko nje loo nto kuswela.

Sele ngomnyaka wesibini emva kokunikezelwa lomhlaba emnyama kucetyiswa ukuba wenze i izichumiso zendalo zomhlaba ukulondoloza ukuchuma kwezityalo. Ukuze ezi njongo ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo wamatye, umgquba nothuthu. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emithathu, kungcono ukuba ukuphinda-ityetyiswe isayithi yakho umhlaba omnyama.

Indlela ukwahlula umhlaba omnyama kwezinye umhlaba?

Black Umhlaba izizathu eziliqela apho ngokulula ahluka ukusuka kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaba. Into yokuqala ozithandayo iliso lakho - umbala. Kufuneka ibe mnyama, nkqu emnyama eliqaqambileyo. Okwesibini, ahlawule ingqalelo kwisakhiwo. Black lomhlaba - Umhlaba ontlakantlaka apho izigaqa emhlabeni zenzeka.

Unako kwakhona ukwenza uvavanyo encinane. Umanzi kwaye ubone ukuba liziphatha. Nokuba emva kwexesha elide iya kuhlala manzi kwaye uya kufana ukuyondelelana kwendlela nodongwe. Okanye, yiphathe ngesandla kangangesandla emhlabeni ezo nto entendeni yakho. Chernozem umhlaba uza kushiya kumzila emnyama zhirnovat. Ngayo kwezi zizathu kunye isigqibo umhlaba kakhulu echumayo.

Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba olimekayo

Ekubeni umhlaba omnyama - kuba umhlaba oxabisekileyo kakhulu, isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Zokutyala imifuno, ukutya okuziinkozo, izityalo ezidla, ukulinywa izidiliya, imiyezo kunye amaqunube ngokubanzi. Ilizwe lizaliswe zokugcina, zokugcina kunye Ukucofa neembiza zezityalo kweentyatyambo. Kwakhona, umhlaba omnyama ubekelwe Landscaping ezineevenkile, iindawo ofisi, imbonakalo ye nemiqolomba, izindlu lizwe kunye nezindlu.

Ukongeza zathu kuphucula unikezelo ubungakanani kunye neempawu komzimba mhlaba, njengoko lexinene namanzi permeability. Kodwa ke umhlaba omnyama udongwe kunye enzima imihlaba zidla ayisasebenzi. Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa kwi emiphungeni obambe Sandy. Umhlaba otyebileyo e ngokulima izityalo kucetyiswa ukuba yalala umngxuma omncinane.

Kubalulekile ukuba izityalo kule ndawo. I bacebe iya kuba ukwakhiwa kwawo udidi, umhlaba ngakumbi ubunjwe. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kuba wangaphezulu evakalala. Ngoko ke, iingcali ukucebisa ukuba kwigadi yakho kuphela imifuno ngonyaka, kodwa egadini amatyholo kunye nemithi.

Yimalini ekufuneka ukuxuba wamatye emhlabeni? umlinganiselo Ngokuqhelekileyo 3: 1. umhlaba enjalo efanelekileyo phantse kuzo zonke izityalo. Kwakhona, oko kudla ndazisa phezu kwisayithi ufunde kwakhona emva yokwakha.

kwezolimo imvelo

Namhlanje, uwele zezolimo ngaphezulu kule ndlela nokulinywa kwimveliso. intsingiselo yalo ukukhangela emhlabeni, esebenzisa kuphela izichumiso organic kunye neendlela zebhayoloji yokulawula izinambuzane. Izivuno zezityalo sokubhaka iya kuxhomekeka iimpawu zomhlaba.

Ungaya indlela nzima - ukwenza uphando elebhu ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi izinto azikho phantsi ngokwaneleyo. Ke kulula, Kakade ke, ziya kusiwa kwisiza umhlaba abamnyama ezingxoweni okanye ngelori. Le umhlaba zonke izimbiwa kuyimfuneko, kudityaniswe imihlaba ezahlukeneyo kwaye zingenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha.

umhlaba ukuthenga

Namhlanje, uyakwazi ukufumana okuninzi iintengiso ngenxa yokuthengisa izichumiso kunye nomhlaba. Abanye bathanda ixabiso eliphantsi. Kodwa apha simele silumkele lwethu. An umthengisi kwezinto ungakwazi phantsi owazenza idini a elisezantsi-grade wamatye lomhlaba kunye wamatye kancinane. Kodwa le nkohliso kulula ukuvula - umhlaba uya kuba sisikhanyiso kakhulu umbala.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo ukusulungeka lizwe. Kufuneka icace kobutyobo kunye ukungcola. Kakade ke, banciphisa iindleko, kodwa kwandisa iindleko zabasebenzi. "Ezimdaka" umhlaba omnyama kuya kufuneka ukuba anele na uhlobo nge ngesandla.

Abaninzi yalahleka umba kufuneka uthenge ngayo emhlabeni kakhulu. Kodwa ke akukho nzima. Chonga indawo ofuna ukuyifundisa emhlabeni. Enye ityhubhu umhlaba omnyama wayeza nobunzima malunga ngetoni nganye.

iindleko

Kwi-avareji, Ndiziva komhlaba kunye unikezelo liya kuxabisa malunga namakhulu amahlanu engange. Kodwa ke, okukhona umyalelo umhlaba omnyama, i kungabinandleko malini. Ngoko ke, xa uthenga iitoni-15, ixabiso layo nga kuwa engange 350 ngetoni nganye.

Kwiindawo ezisezidolophini Kakade ke, kufuneka ube imithamo ezincinane kakhulu. Ezivenkileni uyakwazi ukufumana iingxowa kwi iilitha amahlanu okanye amashumi amane. Kumhlaba omnyama, ixabiso iyunithi ngeenxa engange amabini okanye ezimakhulu mathathu. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke mmandla.

Umhlaba Black umhlaba unako ingqalelo jikelele, leyo efanelekileyo zokutyala iintyatyambo, nangenxa ukulinywa kwezityalo iziqhamo, kunye nokubekwa kwinkangeleko. Kodwa zathu - ayikho i ilikhubalo. Xa kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ukuba senze umgudu ubuncinane elithile ukufumana result endilisekileyo.