Biathlon rifle: iintlobo kunye neempawu

Kuzo zonke iindidi zemidlalo zasebusika idla ezimbini ezinhle kakhulu. Le ihoki kunye Biathlon. ESoviet Union, yaye emva koko Russia, bebesoloko abanekratshi kokufaneleka zabo neempumelelo kule midlalo. Fumana ubuncinane i Kharlamov efanayo ihoki okanye Tikhonov (-ixesha ezine Olimpiki intshatsheli) kwi Biathlon. Gear ihoki icacile - izihlangu zam, intonga, ntloko. Ekubeni Biathlon kakhulu ezinomdla kakhulu kwaye mhle, kuba enyanisweni zezemidlalo kabini - Skiing badubula. nayo ngokuphathelele kuzo zonke izixhobo intshukumo icacile: into eziphambili - baqikelele kuzakuthothisa ukuya kwimozulu, kodwa isixhobo biathlete, yona umpu, asinto ilula kakhulu. Party ukuya ukhetho enzima uphawu ngenxa yale impumelelo ixhomekeke ukudubula. Iimbaleki Ngoko abanamava ngokupheleleyo zizwana ukhetho kwezixhobo. Kwaye kukhangeleka ngathi Biathlon umbayimbayi? Yiba nomfanekiso kuya kuthiwa thaca umdla womfundi xa kamva kweli nqaku. Okwangoku, senza uhambo encinane ibe kwimbali uze ufumanise nini yaye phantsi kwaziphi iimeko olu hlobo kwezixhobo zemidlalo.

A incinane

Ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II beyeka kakhulu ethandwa emkhosini, eneneni kwaba kwase le Biathlon mihla. Izixhobo ngexesha ibe eqhelekileyo Army zilwe Mosin umpu, ukuba epheleleyo waya nkqu kunye onencula. Hi ndlela leyi, baba kwinkonzo kunye nomkhosi ngexesha imfazwe eJamani.

Emva kwengxoxo enkulu, iKomiti-Olimpiki International, ngowe-1960, kwakukho yokusebenza bt Biathlon elide-elindelwe kwi Winter Olympics. Kwiimbaleki Soviet Kalashnikov Ukukhathalela ucinge lemveliso esikhutshwe lokuhlola "Biathlon-59." Biathlon ingathengwa yabonakalayo ngexesha diopter. Kwakhona mayixhotyiswe iirholithi eziphathekayo iqweqwe okhethekileyo zokhuselo. Weight Biathlon ingathengwa ngoxa azilawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Ikhosi kwi langoku kuphuculwe

Emva kokuba Winter Olimpiki ngo-1960, ezi zixhobo umyili Sherstyakov, ngokusekelwe Mosin umpu, ukuvelisa isixhobo entsha Biathlon. Isampulu, leyo ucime ngenxa yoko, ekuveliseni iinguqulelo ezimbini, yaye igama, kuxhomekeka ubukhulu "Biatlon Bi-7,62" yaye "Biatlon Bi-6,5 '(neekhatriji koko waba nemilinganiselo 7,62 mm kunye 6.5 mm, ngokulandelelana).

Ukusetyenziswa kwale izixhobo kwaziswa biathletes Soviet impumelelo yokuqala Olimpiki, ingakumbi Vladimir melanin kwi-Olimpiki 1964 e Innsbruck wakwazi kuphumelela imbasa yegolide lokuqala Biathlon.

Xa nasekuqaleni iqala "Biathlon B-4" kukhululwe umpu entsha, ukudubula apho lwaqhutywa kunye rimfire emthethweni. Umfuziselo waba ubunzima asezantsi kakhulu. ezintsha elandelayo wakhululwa nje unyaka emva kokuba zikhutshiwe edlulileyo, yaye igama "Biathlon Bi-5." Beqhumisa lwaqhutywa neekhatriji ledabi engundoqo ukuba wathabatha abanjalo 5.6 mm. Yiyo nale umpu le kumngcelele woloyiso ye-ixesha emine Intshatsheli segolide Olimpiki Aleksandra Tihonova.

eyayilwa izikhali

Akukho kuphela eSoviet Union bakwazi ukwenza izixhobo ze Biathlon. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kunye nabenzi amazwe. Eyona edumileyo iinkampani ezifana "Anschutz" yaye "Walter" evela eJamani, "sako" eyenziwe Finland kunye Austria "Staer Mannlicher."

"Anschutz" Biathlon umbayimbayi eyaziwa kunye untwisted. Yaba iinkokheli le nkampani iye kubani iqela le German Army Biathlon ukuba aphuhlise umpu ngenxa Biathlon, nto leyo eza kwenza amalungiselelo ngokupheleleyo iimbaleki German ngokwemimiselo ezifana lula kwaye bahlehla amandla. Ngoko, ukwenza izixhobo ezintsha ababandakanyekayo eyona amancinci-ukuvuleka umpu, ngelo xesha "Antshutts-54", bephuhlisa phantsi maloimpulsnogo iCartridge ucinezelo Central, owaba bodidi .222.

eziza Ukutshintsha

1978 uthathwa isiganeko kuphuhliso Biathlon. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba izixhobo ezincinane-ukuvuleka wenza mdlalo olufikelelekayo abaninzi. Kwaye ke umqalisi kwesi siganeko obalulekileyo siqinise waseJamani efanayo "Anschutz", nto leyo uthunywe bakubo, kwakhiwa izixhobo ezinjalo. Amazwe abadlali bawo intle kulo mdlalo, ezizezi eSoviet Union, Norway, Finland kunye United States akazange afune ukuba balahlekelwe izikhundla zabo Biathlon ehlabathini kwaye ushukume ukusuka izixhobo zomkhosi ukuya amancinci-abanjalo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ivoti, leyo kuthwalelwa phandle ukuze afudukele bodidi entsha, kwakukho abaxhasi ingakumbi wangumququzeleli izixhobo ezitsha. Kwaye kwaqhutywa "ihlebo lezopolitiko" yomntu waseOstriya walayo yokubamba iNdebe yeHlabathi Biathlon ngo-1978, ukuba izixhobo ezintsha aziyi kwamkelwa kwinkonzo. amalungu amathathu bavote ukutshintsha isigqibo sokuqala, yaye intsalela ntofo egameni imodeli entsha.

Ngenxa yoko, umenzi waseJamani kunye neembaleki singene iinkokheli Biathlon yehlabathi, ngamnye kwindawo yabo. Kwakhiwa izixhobo zemidlalo ezisemgangathweni uhlobo: ubunzima kufuneka ubuncinane 3.5 kg, ukuvuleka umbayimbayi Biathlon - 5.6 mm, iqheleke kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba .22lr. Nezikhali kufuneka rimfire.

Ngenxa yenguqu kwi sixhobo amancinci-ukuvuleka yaba ukuhla kumgama ukujolisa -. Ngoku 50 m biathletes German sele iphumelele ezisixhenxe iimbasa zegolide asithoba Biathlon World Championships 1978, sibanjwe phantsi imithetho emitsha. Umqeqeshi iNtloko USSR Alexander Privalov, owayesakuba ibhaso winner Imidlalo ezimbini Olimpiki, wasola yokusebenza womonakalo iqela lesizwe USSR ayithathi ndawo izixhobo, kunye uhlobo olutsha nasemkhenkceni ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye negrisi okungalungile.

lokusabela ngokwaneleyo ukuba baguqukile imithetho

Gunsmiths nabaqambi kwi Izhmash (Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant) ngokukhawuleza lazise umpu omtsha "Biathlon B-6," nto leyo esebenzisa neekhatriji ungqameko-umlilo, ngokungqinelana neemfuno ezintsha.

Ihlebo ukhupho ngokukhawuleza we izixhobo ezintsha sicacisiwe kakhulu banal: ngokufanayo kwi 60s yokuqala, esebenzisa isiseko Mosin umpu, iisampulu "Biathlon Bi-7.62" yaye "Biathlon-Bi 6.5" kuye kwakhiwa, yaye eli xesha abayili zigqibiwe iinguqulelo ze "phambene-5-1" yaye "phambene-6-1" kwaye zidalwe maxesha enzulu "Biathlon bi-6".

device rifle

Air ingathengwa Biathlon malunga okufanayo bonke abenzi uyahluka kuphela iiyunithi factor ifomu kwaye ezinye izithuba ezithile. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, zonke Umahluko elawulwayo kwaye kulawulwa ngqongqo kakhulu. Biatlonnaya umpu, apho icebo iqulathe amacandelo standard kunye neendlela, abe umphanda, ibhokisi eyenziwe ngomthi, a emehlweni isango asibambe ivenkile. Uyilo ivumela ndandisisigculelo xa kufuneka utshintshe imilinganiso yalo yomgama ngokongeza amatywina ezongezelelweyo. Kufuneka kwakhona ibhanti ngenxa shotgun Biathlon. Usebenza version ubhaka kuphela, ekubeni yeyona practical ukhetho. Ukubona Biathlon umpu kufuneka diopter, ukusetyenziswa optical esalelweyo kuphela.

Ngabanye zilungiswe kwaye ulungise nezinye iinxalenye umpu, umzekelo, "esidleleni" (inxalenye engentla ndandisisigculelo) kunye umtya kokuba umlobothi for ngenkwitshi. Eli ziko ubunzima iingalo zilungiswe ngokudibanisa okanye ngokunciphisa iintsimbi elungelelanisayo. umpu ukutshaja ixesha elide kungabenza Rapid, ngaphandle kokutshintsha indawo yembaleki lwenziwa nge indlela yesingxobo ukuba uvalela yazala umphanda nge nemigca enqamleze esiqwini ka ujikelezo.

izingxobo zothintelo azalisekise imisebenzi yabo ukhuseleko nxamnye nazo zonke iintlobo umphanda channel yongcoliseko, isixhobo emehlweni kusengaphambili. Uyilo mechanism shutter i ngokupheleleyo ukunyenyisa amandla sikuxinile, yisa 'umnyele le senyanga, kwakunye nohlobo ekuhleni ngaphandle disassembly kwezixhobo. Kwathabathela embonakalweni Biathlon imithetho yayo kuye kwavunyelwana: masenze utyhala longitudinally nje batshintshana evulwa Biathlon umpu, yaye kuphela emva kokuba iziganeko ka-1978 eligunyazisiweyo ukusetyenziswa onobuhle kuyilo ezahlukeneyo indlela.

Isithombe Ulwakhiwo siqinile "Anschutz"

inkampani nganye, nto leyo ukwenza mveliso afohlela ezemidlalo, ivelisa ize ivelise impahla ngokweshishini isakhiwo yayo esangweni. Umenzi German of "Anschutz" isebenzisa shutter, ukuyilwa nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngo-1935, ukuphucula rhoqo oko.

Phambi ko-1984, zonke izixhobo uphawu oluvelayo kunye ukusetyenziswa isakhiwo kunye indlela rotary. Emva 1984 gunsmith P. Fortner afumaneka kwi indlela shutter umpu ngaphandle livuselelwe, ke le uyilo isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimodeli inkampani "Anschutz" unanamhla. A isici esasenza ezi zixhobo compact ngakumbi ubukhulu, kungekho lugs eziyimfuneko neekhatriji obuphezulu.

Ukulayisha ingathengwa kwenziwe lula kakhulu, Walatha ngophakathi ezimbini: index umnwe bawurhuqa emphinini, ndazise cocking shutter, yaye umva wayo ngokucinezela ngasemva indlela ze ubhontsi. Kwakhona, ukuthembeka isixhobo xa uyazihlaziya kuchaphazela ejector kunye extractor, leyo ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo zabo ukwenza ngokuthembekileyo imisebenzi yabo kwiqondo lobushushu lomoya eliphantsi.

Okunye valve yoyilo

EFinland wokuqala ukusebenzisa uyilo shutter entsha imodeli Finnbiathlon, yenziwa yi Tampeeren Asepaja. Mshini kwisantya longitudinally-ukutyibilika, kwaye hayi ukuba.

Emva kwabo eSoviet Union kwakhona Biathlon umbayimbayi "B-7", indawo shutter leyo eye isakhiwo esifanayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yemfaneleko izixhobo ezibalaseleyo umyili Susloparova. Wayekwazi ngexesha elifutshane ukulungiselela ukuthatha indawo Olimpiki eMoscow ngere- "B-7-2", eqhubekileyo uphuhliso izixhobo zezemidlalo manqaku idumileyo "Biathlon". Ethetha kwi Olympics kunye imodeli entsha, sele ezaziwayo-kakuhle Alexander Tikhonov iphumelele imbasa yakhe yegolide yesine relay. Hi ndlela leyi, ku biathletes Olimpiki Winter elandelayo ezimbini ukusuka eSoviet Union kunye ngoncedo le umpu ethile igolide elugqatsweni relay.

zokuzenzela Development "Biathlon" series

Ngenxa edume umpu "B-7-2" kwi 90 ekuqaleni yaye kwamkele biathletes inkonzo umfuziselo "B-7-3" yaye "B-7-4". Umjikelo wobomi ezi iibrand kunye phuculo rhoqo iya kuhlala de Winter Olimpiki eVancouver.

Ukususela ngo-1991, kumniki engundoqo iingalo to-Biathlon iimbaleki Kalashnikov Inkxalabo, waqalisa imveliso ye imodeli entsha "B-7-2". Edubula evela zokuzenzela Biathlon lwe thotho ukuba .22lr emthethweni ukuvuleka rimfire ukuba, ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo ngo 1978. Ukungeniswa kubangelwa ukutshintsha ezivenkileni, amandla aya kuhlala kwemijikelo ezintlanu. Kwakhona ifakiwe ibhanile, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo isixhobo, apho isixa lamaqhosha ezintathu. igcina abane ngethuba uhlanga kwi tape ekhethekileyo eqhotyoshelwe ndandisisigculelo ucinge.

Kumise lamajelo Umphanda le Ukusebenzisa umoya kwenzeka kwakuxhomekeke-lever umzobo.

Isibaluli yokudubula kwi Biathlon i zixhobo recharge fast ngaphandle kokutshintsha indawo biathletes kwaye bachitha ixesha axabisekileyo a Injongo entsha. Filing iCartridge kwi Umphanda le umpu "B-7-2" senziwa isindululo Buyisela yi ngesiphatho okhethekileyo. Ezisisivalo ngelixa ukulayisha sihamba kwi arc encinane.

Le umpu lubekwa balancing, nto leyo ilungiswe ukudibanisa okanye ukususa iintsimbi umqondisi. Kwakhona ukuba sibeka tsala asibambe adubule stroke. Esidleleni kwi ndandisisigculelo kunye ubude balo ilawulwa kwaye ziyafakwa ngayinye imbaleki nganye njengoko womdlali ukususela lula xa ukudubula kuxhomekeke ekuchanekeni. Umgqomo, ukubona ngaphambili kunye nesiqulatho umbayimbayi baxhotyiswa ezineziciko ezikhethekileyo fast sakwaLevi, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo kukuba ukukhusela izixhobo ukusuka bekhephu, ubumdaka kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuthi kuchaphazela ngokuchaneka ukudubula.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, yokuba kuveliswe le umpu brand ixesha elide, kwaye ngeli xesha yena yathotyelwa phuculo ze yala maxesha. Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje yakhululwa "B-7-4A" model. Ileta A egameni ibonisa ukuba le umpu na inkampani German umphanda-yaziwa "Anschutz".

ingathengwa abane-

Kuba abakhethiweyo ziquka iisampuli, lwesiko imbaleki ethile. Ingathengwa "B-7-4" kwi ukuguqulwa yesithoba unalo ibhedi elitsha kraca, anokuba setup ukukhawulelana neemfuno zayo nayiphi na biathlete; entsha emehlweni bakhulise esuka kwinkampani ezikhuphisanayo "Anschutz"; fly umsesane, esenokuba phantsi hlengiso. Ukuthintela nokumelana nokuphucula intsebenzo yomfumani phantsi nesingxobo chrome umphanda. Phakathi kwezinye iindlela zokuzenzela elite bodwa "Antshutts 1827", leyo kuthiwa "intle kakhulu" ziintshatsheli ezininzi umvuzo-biathletes.