Beta-agonists: inkcazelo, uluhlu isenzo iziyobisi

ichiza ngalinye libhekisela kwiqela elithile imithi. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanye amachiza kufuneka indlela efanayo amanyathelo, kubonakala kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Omnye amaqela ezinkulu zoxubo mayeza - oku beta-adrenergic agonists. La machiza ezisetyenziswa kakhulu unyango ezimbi bokuphefumla sentliziyo.

Yintoni In-agonists?

Beta-agonists - iqela bezixhobo zonyango ezisetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Emzimbeni, bathe bandibopha ukuya receptors ezithile elime kule esihlunwini kakuhle bronchi, isibeleko, intliziyo kunye imithambo kwizihlunu. intsebenziswano enjalo ibangela ukukhuthazwa iiseli beta. Ngenxa yoko le ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo nokomzimba. Emva yokucheba B-agonists ukuya receptors ivuselela ukuveliswa arhente zebhayoloji, ezifana dopamine kunye adrenaline. Elinye igama ezi zihlanganisi - beta-agonists. neziphumo ngoko Major - ukukhawulezisa ireyithi kwentliziyo, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi nokuphucula conductivity inyumoniya.

Beta-agonists: isenzo emzimbeni

Beta-agonists zahlulwe V1- kunye B2-adrenergic agonists. Ezenza ukuba ezi izinto zibe izibilini. Emva ukuzenza zabo beta-agonists kukhokelela le ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni. Kukho iziphumo zilandelayo B-agonists:

1. Ukwandisa ukuzenzekela ezesifuba nokuphuculwa conductivity.
2. izinga intliziyo Ukwandiswa.
3. Ekukhawuleziseni lipolysis. Xa ukusetyenziswa, B1-agonists kuvela egazini ezamahala le asidi ngamanqatha ezo kweemveliso sokonakalisa triglycerides.
4. Ukwanda uxinzelelo lwegazi. Le effect kungenxa nokukhuthaza inkqubo renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS).

Ndibhalela utshintsho ezidweliswe umzimba kukhokelela kwi nomphetho agonists nezamkeli B1. Bona ise imisipha intliziyo, imithambo yegazi, adipose izicwili kunye izixhobo juxtaglomerular weeseli zezintso.

receptors B2 ibekwe bronchi, isibeleko, izihlunu skeletal, inkqubo luvo. Ukongeza, ukuba iimpahla ngentliziyo negazi. Beta-2-agonists ukuba ziphumo zilandelayo:

1. Ukuphuculwa conductivity inyumoniya. Le effect kungenxa ukunyenyiswa izihlunu egudileyo.
2. Ekukhawuleziseni glycogenolysis kwi izihlunu. Ngenxa yoko zihlunu skeletal ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphezulu lincitshiswe.
3. Ukunyenyiswa le myometrium.
4. Ukukhawuleziswa glycogenolysis eziseleni esibindini. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni amaqondo eswekile yegazi.
5. izinga intliziyo Ukwandiswa.

Ziziphi machiza iqela B-agonists?

Oogqirha badla ukumisela beta-agonists. Iziyobisi yelo qela amayeza, yahlulwe amayeza elifutshane fast-ngokwenza. Ukongeza, iziyobisi angawodwa aye kuphela isiphumo ukuvumbulula amalungu athile. Amanye amachiza benza ngqo kwi V1- kunye receptors-V2. Amayeza yaziwa kakhulu ukusuka kwiqela beta-agonists iziyobisi "Salbutamol", "fenoterol", "Dopamine". Le agonists asetyenziswe kunyango lwezifo yemiphunga nezengekho inhliziyo. Kwakhona abanye babo asetyenziswa kwiimeko ze labagula (iziyobisi "Dobutamine"). iziyobisi Ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo kweli qela ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa yamanina.

Ukuhlelwa beta-agonists: ngeentlobo amayeza

Beta-agonists - eli qela amayeza, nto leyo equka inani elikhulu amayeza. Ngoko ke, ukuba yahlulwe kumaqela eziliqela. Classification B-agonists ziquka:

1. Non-uyakhetha beta-adrenergic agonists. Eli qela libandakanya iziyobisi "ortsiprenalina" yaye "Isoprenaline".
2. Uyakhetha B1-agonists. Asetyenziswe ngayo zentliziyo kunye neewadi labagula kakhulu. Abameli beli qela neziyobisi "Dobutamine" yaye "Dopamine".
3. beta-agonists-2 uyakhetha. Eli qela libandakanya imithi ngenxa izifo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Ngenxa yoko, i-B2 agonist uyakhetha yahlulwe iziyobisi-ngokwenza elifutshane, kunye neziyobisi iyabuphucula eside. Iqela lokuqala luquka amayeza "fenoterol", "terbutaline" "Salbutamol" yaye "hexoprenaline". Long-esebenza iziyobisi - ichiza "Formoterol", "Salmeterol" yaye "indacaterol."

Iimpawu In-agonists

Iimpawu zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe B-agonists ixhomekeka kuhlobo iziyobisi. Beta-agonists na inyathelo non-uyakhetha ngoku kusetyenziswa ngenkankulu. Ngaphambili, ukuba asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile arrhythmias, zisiba Uhanjiso kwentliziyo, isifuba inyumoniya. Ngoku oogqirha bakhetha ukumisela uyakhetha B-agonists. inzuzo yazo kukuba zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa. Ukongeza, iziyobisi uyakhetha kulula ukuyisebenzisa, njengoko kuchaphazela kuphela amalungu athile.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba B1-agonists eyenzelwe:

1. senhliziyo olunamandla.
2. Le Njengokungeniswa nawuphi na umyalezo.
3. Lungasebenzi.
4. ngenhliziyo ukukhubazeka Decompensated.
5. Ayifane - isifo sentliziyo kobuchopho isidanga kakhulu.

B2-agonists alawulwa somoya inyumoniya, ezinganyangekiyo obstructive isifo miphungeni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi machiza asetyenziswa ngohlobo ulwelo. Maxa wambi amayeza "fenoterol" lisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa yamanina ukwehlela abasebenzi, kunye nokunqanda kwezisu. Kulo mzekelo, ichiza ilawulwa yegazi.

Kwezinye iimeko, B-agonists ukuba contraindicated?

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iqela ngamachiza A beta-agonists eziliqela Izimo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi agonists ezingezo-uyakhetha. side effects zezi machiza - .. Ingaba uphuhliso hyperglycemia, iingcangcazela yalityatya ngokwamathambo, ukuphazamiseka isingqi intliziyo, luvo inkqubo excitation, njl Beta-1 agonists iziyobisi ezinamandla, ngoko zisetyenziswa kuphela kukuswela engxamisekileyo. Bona contraindicated kwizigulane kunye imbali ngezifo ezifana: arrhythmia ventricular, stenosis subaortic, pheochromocytoma. Kwakhona, abakwazi ukuba isetyenziswe kunye tamponade intliziyo.

B2-agonists ukuba contraindicated kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Ukunganyamezelani Beta-agonists.
2. Pregnancy nzima ukopha, abruption placental, wamsongela kwezisu.
3. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
4. iinkqubo ukudumba e myocardium, arrhythmias inhliziyo.
5. Diabetes osegazini.
6. stenosis Aortic.
7. Kwegazi.
8. senhliziyo olunamandla.
9. Thyrotoxicosis.

Medicament "Salbutamol": imiyalelo yokusebenzisa

Drug "Salbutamol" libhekisela B2-agonists amanyathelo elifutshane. Lusetyenziswa onaso kwimiqobo inyumoniya. Amaninzi asetyenziswa ulwelo ukuba amathamo 1-2 (0.1-0.2 mg). Abantwana bakhetha ukwenza inhalation nge a డొమైన్ idomeyini. Kukho kwakhona azipilisi beziyobisi. Esithathwa abadala 6-16 mg ngosuku.

"Salbutamol": ixabiso iziyobisi

Eli chiza esetyenziswa njenge monotherapy somoya wobulali. Ukuba isigulana umntu kwinqanaba eliphakathi okanye kakhulu zesi sifo, iziyobisi isicelo iyoluka (beta-agonists elide-Acting). Bona uthomalaliso ezisisiseko sombefu inyumoniya. ngokusebenzisa ichiza "Salbutamol" yokukhawulelana ekhawulezayo zokuhlaselwa of umoya. Ixabiso ichiza uvela engange-50 ukuya 160 ngokuxhomekeke umenzi kunye idosi eziqulathwe igutyana.