Bashkirs and AmaTatar: umahluko imbonakalo nesimilo

Xa nangezinto Bashkirs babehlala kunye wakha yombuso. Bathetha close ulwimi, kodwa ngoku ezi nobuhlobo maxa wambi kuyeka ukuba emaqandeni. Abantu abaye ngokwembali alawula kummandla kangangeenkulungwane, ndiqinisekile ukuba ulwimi yabantu, nangenxa iinkulungwane abahlala ebumelwaneni - kuphela nesi ulwimi enkulu yamandulo. Ngaphezu koko, nkqu khona i ummelwane ezimeleyo phantsi kwe mbuzo: "Thina - bathi - bantu banye." Kwaye ngenene, kummandla eyayihlala Bashkirs kunye AmaTatar, umahluko yokuphila ngemihla rhoqo zero.

Ezibangela ingxabano

Le ummelwane akavumelani. "Wena uhlala bona, kodwa nathi zabelana." Abamelwane inethemba ubuni balo, ezifana ngolwimi lwabo, ukwakha imeko yabo. amabango anjalo ukuba ukuzimela abantu lubalaseleyo babonakala yiyo. Bayaqiniseka ukuba kwilizwe elingummelwane - njengequmrhu ngumntu. Kuqala kwinto zonke, kuba oku ukhipha sithembiso ukuba inxalenye enkulu bashkorstana kugcwele AmaTatar ngokobuzwe kunye Bashkirs, kananjalo, ngokufuthi ukuthetha in Tatar. Umnqweno wemvelo yabantu ebhudla kwintsimi - yenza ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abahlali ukuyisebenzisa. Kuyimfuneko ukungqina ukuba abanini belizwe - i Bashkirs kunye AmaTatar umahluko sengqondo kuya kufuneka ukuba avume.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akusebenzi. Nangezinto Bashkirs - bantu banye, ikholose Tatarstan kunye Tatar zokuhlala bashkorstana ezininzi. Bashkirov icala okunyanzelisa nokwenziwa iisoyi kunye nolwimi. Oku kunye nemfuneko yokuba ulwimi Tatar waba urhulumente yesibini Tatarstan.

Ngoko ke, lo lokuqaqamba zembali esondela efak 'nxamnye ekwakheni isizwe kukuthenga izinto. Ngubani na unelungelo ngakumbi? Bashkirs and AmaTatar - iiyantlukwano okanye ungubani?

Indlela amisa zobuzwe

Kungenakwenzeka ukuba umntu eRashiya ukuba wayiva loo mbambano, kodwa akukho kuba ezi ukungaboni zingabalulekanga. Bathi kusenokwenzeka ukuba babomelele ngakumbi yaseRussia-Ukrainian. Abazi ngazo akukho ngenxa baseRashiya abayikhathalele loo nto aphile Chuvash, nangezinto Bashkirs. Kwaye Adygeys, Shor, Nenets kunye Dolgan. Kakade ke, lo Yakuts.

Kwaye ke nangezinto, Bashkirs yaye esondele kubantu Russian, njengazo zonke ezinye 194 iintlanga ye-USSR. Loo nto zamadoda iintlanga, nto leyo nayo uluhlu enkulu. Nanku umfanekiso Bashkirs kunye nangezinto. Iiyantlukwano photos edlulisela kuphela iikhosityum. Enye intsapho efanayo!

Kunzima ukusombulula ngaphandle ukuvuselela inkcubeko kwiincoko ukonakala phantse epheleleyo ama kazwelonke: i Bashkirs kunye AmaTatar - uDlamini. Nangona kungquzulwano azilogwanga kwi kangangoko, nithi, eCaucasus, apho owayesakuba Cumans (Kumyks) zange wahlala ngoxolo nabantu entabeni. Zicinezelwa le ngxenye akakwazi nayo nayiphi na ngaphandle ekusebenziseni amandla endleleni. Nangezinto Bashkirs elahlekileyo bonke.

ubuxhakaxhaka kazwelonke

Cinga ukwakhiwa yobuhlanga ngokusondeleyo. Ubalo lokugqibela kwabonisa 29% of Bashkirs e Bashkorstane. AmaTatar isandiso 25%. Phantsi kolawulo yiSoviet, ubalo wabonisa inani kuphantse kulingana zombini. Ngoku AmaTatar icala Bashkorstan kwi PostScript kunye nokwenziwa, kunye Bashkirs zingqina ukuba Bashkirs "otatarennye" wabuyela bangoobani. Noko ke, ngaphezu Bashkorstane Russian nje - 36%, kwakunye noko bacinga ngayo, akukho bani uyabuza.

Russian bahlala ikakhulu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, lo gama kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni alawulwa Bashkirs kunye AmaTatar, iiyantlukwano Russian apho iliso sikakrebe kakhulu. In Russian akukho ngoko ungquzulwano kugxila nayo nayiphi nabanye abantu, nkqu ezo bakhuthaza i Bashkirs kunye nangezinto. Lo mahluko uhlobo lobudlelane bukhulu kangangokuba ungquzulwano lendawo baseTurkey Russian basekuhlaleni mancinane amathuba kakhulu.

Ukususela imbali karhulumente

Ngokwembali, iRussia kwasekwa evela imimandla umiwe lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngathi Quilt ombaxa. Kwaye emva kokuba revolution, Kakade ke, umbuzo of self-determination ezi zizwe. Kwiminyaka yokuqala kwamandla waseSoviet yaye ayila umda Bashkortostan, kuquka inani elikhulu AmaTatar kwintsimi yabo. Tatarstan banikela iiprojekthi zabo unanimity Akumangalisi eboniswe apha kwaye SRs Idel-phambene, kunye ye'Bolsheviks Tatar-Bashkir Soviet Republic. Kucingwe bengatshatanga kunye bantu banye.

Nangona kunjalo, le Bashkirs, ezibe kwi Russian uBukhosi, udidi emkhosini, ngokufanayo njengoko Cossacks, bakha umkhosi yaye bababamba namandla kummandla Urals. Soviet Russia yamkelwa emva kokusayina isivumelwano. Kubonakele, ukuba Small Bashkurdistan, apho Bashkirs yobuhlanga, uya kuba phantsi kwegunya Bashkirs. Ngokwemvumelwano, kakade, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha yephule, Bashkirs neenkani, kodwa ngowe-1922, phantse zonke kwiphondo Ufa wayesele kwi Bashkir Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic. Emva koko, kwakusekho ezinye utshintsho lwemida: Bashkorstan waphulukana kwiindawo ezikude kumiwa kuphela Bashkirs, kodwa barhoxa.

Namhlanje bashkorstana umda - yinxalenye lo ubuzwe le Bashkirs, kwaye bengazimisele ukuba wobanika lona. Kungenxa yoko le nto Bashkirs kunye AmaTatar, umahluko phakathi apho Russian, umzekelo, ayibonakali kakhulu kwaye uzame ukunyibilikisa ngokwabo omnye komnye. Nangona inani AmaTatar e Bashkortostan enokuthelekiseka kunye nenani Bashkirs, self Bashkir iziko indawo uphantsi kwentsongelo rhoqo. Kakade ke, lo AmaTatar awayehlala Bashkortostan, yonke imikhosi simelana nokufuna karhulumente wesizwe elimanyeneyo.

Non-ndlongo isivumelwano

ungquzulwano lobuhlanga phakathi nangezinto Bashkirs Russia wakwazi ngumkhenkce. Kodwa akazange abulawe, kwaye kukho i-risk yokuba ngenye imini ukuphuncuka. Ukuba Republic baba nokumkani, ngoko ungquzulwano akunakwenzeka ukuba kudala wahlala yedwa, kodwa, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ungazama. Urhulumente kweNational - uhlale into embi: apha kunokwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula kwiiOssetian kunye Abkhazians, Georgia wayemoyika iprojekthi wesizwe, Gagauz phakathi Moldovans, yayingamaSerb, Croats. Ngendlela efanayo, kwaye AmaTatar andifuni nokuzibuyisela nenkcubeko Bashkirs, eshiya ibango lakhe.

Ide gazi elaphalalayo, kwaye ibango sele ndisenzile isibhengezo, sinokulindela ingxoxo elinoxolo kunye nokusonjululwa ngokupheleleyo ephikisanayo. Umahluko phakathi nangezinto Bashkirs e zengqondo inokoyiswa.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na amabango zamaqela? Bashkirs bafuna inviolability of imida kunye ingqikelelo ye-Bashkir State. AmaTatar andifuni kuphulukana akhokele kule ngingqi. AmaTatar bashkorstanskie bafuna ungubani zabo kunye nolwimi lwabo. Kwaye asimele silibale ukuba inani elikhulu isizwe abafuna Enkulu Tatarstan Tatarstan.

ukudidiyelwa komdla

Bashkirs bafuna "Bashkir" kummandla wabo - makabe naye kunye inviolability yemida. AmaTatar andifuni budibane - ukuba bafumane iziqinisekiso ukuba uza kumisela Bashkir Bashkir ulwimi kunye nesazisi. Tatarstan ufuna ukuba abe yinkokeli kule ngingqi - ukwanela kunye nokulingana.

Zonke bashkorstana iintlanga kufuneka babe nelungelo lokufumana imfundo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe (nezifundo mandatory Bashkir njengesifundo eyahlukileyo). Tatar ulwimi lusetyenziswe bashkorstana ngamandla, kodwa yena akazange abe ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni belingana kunye Bashkir.

Bashkorstan zingaqalisa quotas wesizwe, ukuba abe indima ephambili yale Bashkirs, kodwa kwakukho ummeli bezinye iintlanga, yaye zaba ukufunxa nangezinto ukuphululwa nobalo. Tatarstan balahle amabango sobummandla kunye ukusuka kubonelelo ngabemi ezimbini. Bashkorstan arhoxise isimangalo ukuya ukuzimela kazwelonke-indawo. Kodwa linethemba lokuba le ngxoxo uza kubanjwa kungekudala, hayi noko.

Justice wahlala esihogweni kunye kwiparadesi - uthando kuphela

Isicwangciso esilolu hlobo ukuze ibonakale ingenakho yaye ngokuqinisekileyo omnye kwelinye icala. Kodwa yintoni na enye, kunokuba kuhle emehlweni? Umahluko phakathi nangezinto Bashkirs kule meko ayikho, kwaye kuya kuba kubi kubo bonke abantu. Kwelinye icala, ukuba AmaTatar kufuneka siqonde ukuba ihlabathi - isitshixo kumabango abo ukhokelo. AmaTatar abahlala Bashkorstane, kuya kusebenza unxibelelwano phakathi republic.

Ke ukuba imfazwe, nditsho noloyiso kwenzeka, Tatarstan ufumana lutshaba ngcolile emideni, plus oku, ukuba kubona semthethweni ngamazwe, kodwa kuya kuba kakhulu urhano evela republic ezikufutshane. Ngoxolo i Bashkirs akazange anikezele emideni kwiriphabliki kunye nendima abantu bayo kule ndawo.

Bashkirs kwakhona eninzi ukuqonda. Gcina umda kunye nobume hlanga titular kunokwenzeka kuphela kwimeko yesivumelwano kunye nabantu abahlala kwiRiphabliki. Kukho ukhetho: lozwilakhe wokuhlanjululwa yesizwe uhlanga. Ayikho into elungileyo bashkorstana oko uthembisa - akukho status ngamazwe, okanye unxulumano lwayo kunye nabamelwane yayo ekufuphi.

Ke kaloku, ngenxa Russian, apho uninzi

Indlela ukuba kule meko, abaphilayo Russian kwiindawo bashkorstana and Tatarstan? Ngoku ulwimi IsiRashiya luncedo elibi kuwo omabini republic, phezu kwazo zonke nobuzwe babo. Kukho ukukhonya elipheleleyo ulwimi Russian kwezoshishino, kuzo zonke eendaba kunye nokupapasha, kunye nolawulo loluntu yenziwa phantse ngokupheleleyo e Russian, nokuba apho inani labantu Russian lincinane.

E Bashkortostan kulula ukunyuka leri umsebenzi lo, engazi Tatar okanye Bashkir. Kodwa iyahlekisa ukuthetha ngayo, ukuba umntu akazi Russian. Awukwazi thelekisa imfundiso le Bashkir kunye Tatar abantwana Russian ngokumfundisa Russian nangezinto Bashkirs. umyalelo Russian ulwimi, ngaphandle kokukhetha kwaye kangangoko ukuba akunakuthethwa malunga ubunini Russian ulwimi yesizwe republic.

Russian kunjalo, "bashkirizatsiya" zenzeka okanye "tatarizatsiya" - kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kangangamashumi eminyaka embalwa ezayo ubuncinane isabelo ulwimi Russian kuya kuba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba nawuphi na wesizwe. Kwathi ke, nangona zonke iifom zamabango ukulingana nobulungisa. A ukumelwa yezopolitiko kusiwa ngesivumelwano, njengoko elikwisikhundla ifayile kwaye ufuna Bashkirs kunye nangezinto. Umahluko phakathi kwazo azinamsebenzi nakwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana unqulo: ngaphandle ukungakholelwa Orthodox, aba bakhoyo apha zombini republic, abaninzi abathi Cartoon Islam.

inkqubela entle

Nethemba ukuphucula ubudlelwane Bashkir-Tatar wavela emva kokuba uMongameli M. Rakhimov. UMongameli weRiphabliki banikana utyelelo. E Ufa Ndaqala Tatar TNV channel ngohlobo lwe-ofisi cofa.

Ukwanda intsebenziswano kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho ezi republic. Nangona iingxaki engekasonjululwa kukha niyigqibe kwaye uhlale kobudlelane phakathi kwamazwe ababini ningi. Enyanisweni, akuqhelekanga ukuba ama yezizwe, ulwimi elandelayo kunye inkcubeko enye kuphuhliswa, akukho ndlela akunakwenzeka yentsebenziswano kwiingxaki yokwakha isizwe.

Indawo ngumbono eyahlukileyo isithuba ethno-nezopolitiko? 1917-D okubi yayo, mhlawumbi isicombululo aku- kude kube namhlanje, kodwa, kunjalo, kukho ungquzulwano ezifihlakeleyo nangoku kuchaphazela nomqondo ka kwezizwe abazalwana ezimbini.

Ezibangela ingxabano

Ukuba khendimbe ndiwurhaqe, ungakhetha ukusuka ngelaphu zeziganeko kwinkulungwane edluleyo iinkalo ezintlanu eziphambili olu phuhliso. Lokuqala - i luluvo, enye - kakhulu njongo.

1. Le nzondo kunye nokungabikho olupheleleyo lokuqonda phakathi kweenkokeli Zaki Validi kunye Gayazom Iskhaki.

Zaki Walid waye eyinganga yama i Bashkir intshukumo inkululeko ukususela 1917 ukuya 1920. Orientalist, Umbhali-mbali, Ph.D., unjingalwazi kunye ilungu Wawongwa i-University of Manchester kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa - nje inkokeli.

Ayaz İshaki - inkokeli yesizwe intshukumo Tatarstan, umshicileli kunye umbhali, yekhasi kunye wezopolitiko. Muslim Abanenzondelelo - predominated inxaxheba kumalungiselelo, uze emva koko yokubamba yenkongolo yokuqala ngabazalwane pre-olululo eMoscow. Abantu Smart abafundileyo kakuhle, kutheni kunjalo?

2. Umba mhlaba sele iqwalaselwe yi-nangezinto Bashkirs ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

AmaTatar iminyaka 365 ukususela amakoloni kancane onke amazwe othathwe ngexesha Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe, njengoko ubume ezi zindawo waba qhinga: imilambo, iindlela, iindlela zorhwebo. ngqa - emva 1552, ngoko - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 ukuya umyalo ovela e Tatarstan ziye zapheliswa izinduna nomhlaba kudluliselwa basemzini Russian kunye zobuncwane. Ekubeni ukuswela sele intlekele ngokwenene nangezinto.

Le meko yahlukile kwintsimi Bashkir, ethe lowo tsarist ubukhosi ekunene patrimonial, yaye ndandisoloko onilweleyo kamva. Ngexesha indlala, ityala phantsi tsars ngamathuba athile - kanye kwiminyaka 3-5, kwakunye nangexesha Ushintsho Stolypin e Bashkiria kwafika nabafiki eRashiya bevela ezweni elikufuphi. Kwasekwa abalimi ngamazwe. Umba umhlaba e Bashkiria wayesoloko kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1917 iye yaba ngumba ukuba ukuyilwa kombutho yesizwe.

3. Coca Indawo esikuyo Tatar kunye Bashkir amazwe.

Earth AmaTatar baba ezinzulwini zoMbuso, akwabakho imida nayo nayiphi na kwimimandla eziseludinini, nto leyo ukudibanisa imizamo izinto ezifanayo. Bashkiria phantse imida kwi Kazakhstan - iikhilomitha amahlanu zomhlaba Russian wabahlula Republic omnye komnye. Amathuba lemanyano omkhulu kunene.

4. Ezinye umahluko kwi inkqubo zokusonjululwa Bashkirs kunye AmaTatar kuBukhosi Russian.

Saa ukuhlala AmaTatar phambi revolution, nkqu emazweni abo musa kwenza isininzi, nxamnye Bashkirs, amacandelo kwi emasimini zabo uninzi enkulu.

5. level ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko nakwezemfundo Bashkirs kunye nangezinto.

Xa saa kunikwe kwakho indawo AmaTatar, isixhobo zazo eziphambili yaba ubukrelekrele, ukuthembeka kunye umbutho. Le amandla Bashkirs abazange madrassas kunye ingqondo. Ababenako ilizwe, baba ubumfazwe yaye ukulungele na umzuzu yokuzithethelela ukuzimela kwabo.

Nangona zonke ezi zinto kuba Bashkirs banobubele kakhulu kwaye nangezinto. Amafoto kweli nqaku wabonisa ubudlelwane amaxesha amaninzi ngokwenene emaqandeni nabalungileyo olungileyo.