Assembly Valve: ukusebenza mgomo yesekethe

Ukwenzela ukuhlangabezana nemingeni kweenkqubo zolawulo ngendlela mihla nalapha ngaphakatyhi kusetyenziswa injini vana. Lubonakala yi inzuzo enkulu bezixhobo enjalo, kwakunye nokusekwa asebenzayo microelectronics computing ubunakho. Njengoko yaziwa, abanokuwanika ezixineneyo lamanqaku in an ukusebenza ezolulweyo namandla xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi ze-injini.

Driving injini valve

I-injini sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

1. emva komzimba.
2. Stator.
3. Ukunikela.
4. I-disk magnetic (ivili).
5. Ukunikela.
6. stator kunye engathi.
7. Inxalenye yezindlu ngaphambili.

Xa ivalve le injini kukho unxulumano phakathi stator multi-isigaba jiko kunye ivili. Bethule umazibuthe abasisigxina kunye sensor position oluhlangeneyo. Ukutshintshela ifowuni ndaqonda ngalo lokuguqulela, wada yena igama.

Driving injini vana yakhiwa inshorensi umva kunye nebhodi wesekethe boluvo, ebizwa umkhono le shaft umazibuthe ebizwa plane zokwambathisa ring coil spring trelchatoy sleeve eliphakathi sensor Hall, ukugcina ubushushu, housings kunye nezinikezeli.

Kwimeko iikhompawundi engathi "inkwenkwezi" isixhobo uye mathuba enkulu osisigxina, ngoko eli bandla sisetyenziselwa nokulawula nezamazembe. Kwimeko engathi nisondelelane "unxantathu" ingasetyenziswa ukusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inani lezibini kwipali libalwa inani iimagnethi plane ezinceda ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo iMvukelo zombane nobomatshini.

Le stator unako kuveliswa kunye yentsimbi-free okanye core yentsimbi. Ukusebenzisa lwakhiwo lunokuthi ukuya lwalo yokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa nokungabikho nokutsala umazibuthe plane, kodwa kule ngephanyazo, kuncitshiswa ngama-20% ngempumelelo lwemoto ngenxa nokuphungulwa ixabiso torque rhoqo.

Ekubeni scheme kunokubonwa ukuba stator lwangoku eyenziwe engathi kwaye kwi plane wadala ngokusebenzisa iimagnethi esisigxina esinika amandla.
legend:
- VT1-VT7 - transistor ukuxoxa;
- A, B, C - isigaba engathi;
- M - motor torque;
- DR - woluvo plane isikhundla;
- U - ukulawula ombane unikezelo lwamandla motor;
- S (south), N (ngentla) - kwicala le umazibuthe;
- EUTSE - esiwubonayo converter;
- BR - isivamvo speed;
- vd - Zener diode;
- L - inductance coil.

Injini Driving ibonisa ukuba enye yezinto ezincedayo le plane, apho iimagnethi ezisisigxina zifakwa, kukuphungula ububanzi bayo, ngenxa yoko, ukuncitshiswa ngomzuzu inertia. izixhobo ezinjalo zingakhiwa kwifowuni ngokwalo, okanye ibekwe kumphezulu wayo. Ukunciphisa le salathisi rhoqo kakhulu kubangela kumaxabiso ezincinane mzuzu eseleyo inertia ye-injini kunye umthwalo wayo wayicola umngxuma, leyo nzima ukusebenza drive. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abenzi ziziqhube umgangatho kunye nokwanda amaxesha 2-4 mzuzu inertia.

isebenza njani

Namhlanje buya injini vana ethandwa kakhulu, umgaqo yayo isekelwe kwinto yokuba umlawuli ifowuni iqalisa ukucima engathi stator. Ngenxa kule esiyua Imagnethi usoloko kwatshintsha nge-engile abasondela 900 (-900) kuthelekiswa ivili. Le isilawuli yenzelwe ulawulo lwangoku leyo ehamba engathi iimoto, kuquka ubukhulu lo mhlaba otsalayo le stator. Ngoko ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukunyenyisa ixesha, ethi ichaphazele icebo. Isalathisi engile phakathi zithwala inokumisela indlela ukujikeleza esebenza kuyo.

Khumbula ukuba sithetha izidanga zombane (ukuba zincinane zejometri). Ngokomzekelo, esibala ivalve ye-injini ukuya plane, nto leyo eye-3 ngababini ipali. Emva koko ke angle eliphezulu iza kuba 900/3 = 300. Ezi ngababini 6 zinika kwisigaba olwenze i engathi, ngoko, oko ukuba stator Ungasa kumda wesangqa tsiba 600 Kulo kunokubonwa ukuba le engela phakathi zithwala ngokuyimfuneko ayehluka 600 1200, kususela ukujikeleza ivili.

Valve weenjini, lo mgaqo esekelwe kwi-reverse kwisigaba ziguquka, ngenxa kuyo obhobhozayo excitation ligcinwa intshukumo rhoqo ngokwentelekiso armature, emva kokuba intsebenziswano yabo ukujikelezisa olujikelezayo mzuzu. Ityekele ukujika, ivili ngendlela yokuba yonke imisonto kunye armature ngaxeshanye kunye. Kodwa ke ukujika woluvo iqalisa ukuvala i-coil kunye flow ihambisa kwinyathelo elilandelayo. Kweli nqanaba, kumda wesangqa isiphumo uya shift, kodwa uhlale ngokupheleleyo lanqumama kakhulu wobhobhozayo plane, nto leyo ekugqibeleni yenza umngxuma torque.

buhle

Ukusebenzisa ivelufa injini kulo msebenzi, oko kuqwalaselwe izinto ezinjalo;

- kungenzeka ukuba asebenzise uluhlu olubanzi isantya ukuba ukuguqulwa;

- dynamics High nesantya;

- ubuninzi endaweni nezichanekileyo;

- iindleko nokulungisa minor;

- lesixhobo ingabalelwa kwizibonelelo dubulo-ubungqina;

- it has ikhono ukudlulisela ukuxinana torque enkulu;

- kahle eliphezulu nto leyo ngaphezu kwama-90%;

- kuzinambuzane abafowunelwa elektroniki, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ubomi inkonzo kwalo;

- ukusebenza okuqhubekayo akukho nobushushu ye enjinini.

ukushiyeka

Nangona inani elikhulu yeenzuzo, injini vana kananjalo nezingalunganga ukusebenza:
- control motor kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo;
- ixabiso eliphezulu ye izixhobo ngenxa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyilo plane, leyo iimagnethi ehlala imali eninzi.

Valve inductor motor

Luvulwa-inductor motor - isixhobo ebonelela kuyitshayela ukumelana ngemagnethi. Uguqulo lwamandla kuso kwenzeka ngenxa utshintsho inductance le engathi, apho ibekwe phezu iiseyile amazinyo stator express xa uhambisa i plane ngemagnethi. isixhobo Ukondliwa wamkela converter yombane, khosi wayicima engathi mafutha xa ubuzaza ukuhamba ivili.

Luvulwa inductor-motor complex yinkqubo entsonkothileyo apho amacandelo ahlukeneyo ukusebenza kunye ngokwemvelo emzimbeni. Kuba kuyilo ngempumelelo izixhobo ezinjalo ziyafuneka olunzulu ulwazi kuyilo koomatshini nezixhotyana kwakunye elektroniki, ubuchwepheshe electromechanical kunye isilawuli.

isixhobo Modern uba injini, esebenza kunye converter elektroniki, nto leyo yenziweyo iteknoloji ezihlangeneyo usebenzisa isilawuli. It ikuvumela ukuba kuphunyezwe injini yolawulo lomgangatho ngamandla processing ilungileyo.

iipropati injini

izixhobo ezinjalo abe onamandla, ukuxinana amandla aphezulu aphezulu kunye nokubekwa echanekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuba akukho ezihambayo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunokwenzeka kwindawo Uyadubula ndlongondlongo. Iimoto ezinjalo kwakhona ekubhekiselelwe kunye brushless, inzuzo yazo engundoqo, xa kuthelekiswa umqokeleli, a uqina elandelwayo exhomekeke kule ombane lwendawo Ukuvuya womserbia. Kwakhona, enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kukungabikho kukuwohloka zochuku elements, leyo tshintsha abafowunelwa, ngoko ukhula isixhobo ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo.

Motors brushless DC

Zonke iimowutha brushless DC na ukubizwa. Basebenza olwahlulwayo kumsebenzi womnatha ne DC. Indibano ibhrashi kubonelelwa ngenxa lokudibanisa iziphaluka wombane plane kunye stator. Esi sahluko basesichengeni kakhulu yaye kunokuba nzima ukugcina nokulungisa.

Ivelufa DC motor isebenza kwi kumgaqo zonke izixhobo yolunye yale hlobo. It sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo equka Converter lwamandla semiconductor, umenzi woluvo plane isikhundla kunye umlungelelanisi.

Valve AC motor

Ezi zixhobo kwamkela amandla abo kuthungelwano lwe alternating current. isantya Rotor kwaye isindululo sokuqala harmonic le stator zemagnethi idibana. Oku iinjini uhlobo olunganeno enokuphenduleka ngexesha elinye ingasetyenziswa amandla aphezulu. Eli qela libandakanya stepper kunye jet valve nezixhobo. A isici esasenza isixhobo umchankcatho yi ukuhamba obubobu emboxo le plane ngexesha emsebenzini wayo. engathi Power ukhandwa kumacandelo semiconductor. Control brushless motor ikhutshwa phandle ukubana ezilandelelana ngayo le plane, kwaye idala amandla alo usuke kwelinye emajikojiko ukuya kwenye. Esi sixhobo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngabo-, emithathu okanye multi-isigaba, owokuqala ekusenokwenzeka avotayo isiqalo jiko okanye yesekethe kwisigaba-itshintsha, yaye kwavusa ngesandla.

Umgaqo kusebenza kuwo i-injini yolunye

Valve motor yolunye esebenza esekelwe intsebenziswano phakathi amasimi kazibuthe le plane kunye stator. Ngokwalo, lo mhlaba otsalayo angamelwa njengokujikeleza iingenelo efanayo iimagnethi iyileyo ihamba kunye ngesantya lo mhlaba otsalayo le stator. Field le plane nani kufuneka ichazwe umazibuthe isigxina, nto leyo eyenza amathuba synchronously ndawonye nentsimi stator. Xa kungekho torque lwangaphandle olusetyenziswa kwizikhondo kumatshini axis idibana. Echaphazela amandla umtsalane abadlula ezimanyeneyo izibonda kwaye ukubuyisela omnye komnye. I angle therebetween ilingana zero.

Ukuba nomphini kumatshini iya kuchaphazela torque elekhtrons, lo plane isusiwe bejonge kokulibazisa. Ngenxa imikhosi enomtsalane zahlulwe ngamacandelo ukuba ibhekiswe ecaleni esqwini kunye lwentsebenzo aa Incopho esqwini esibondeni. Ukuba ngaba isicelo torque lwangaphandle, nto leyo idala ukukhawulezisa, oko kukuthi, uqala ukwenza kwi ulwalathiso ujikelezo, umfanekiso impefumlelwano emasimini umva ngokupheleleyo. Yolula ukubana emboxo uqalisa ukutshintsha ochasene, kwaye kulo mba, ukutshintsha ulwalathiso amandla tangential kunye nefuthe torque electromagnetic. Kulo mzekelo, imoto uba kusisithintelo kwaye umatshini lisebenza njenge wenkunkuma leyo abaguquka zinikwa nomphini ukuba amandla ombane. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba baqondiswe uthungelwano usinika stator.

Xa kuya kubakho yangaphandle, ukwa--ipali uqala ukuthatha indawo ixesha apho lo mhlaba otsalayo le stator axis kwipali ingqamana a longitudinal. La malungiselelo aya ne uxhathiso flow ezincinane stator.

Kwimeko iimpembelelo kwi-elekhtrons torque shaft umatshini ivili le baphambuke, apho lo mhlaba otsalayo le stator sele gqitha, kuba amanzi ithande ukuba ukurhoxisa ngalo ezilu-. Ukuze ubone le efunekayo imigca amandla, leyo qhelwaniso nezifundo nganye amanqaku ilingane kwintshukumo ye-amandla, ukuze kutshintshwe yasendle iya kubangela intsebenziswano tangential.

Ekubeni ingqalelo zonke ezi iinkqubo Motors yolunye, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuchonga umgaqo zokwalatha of ukuyilungisa koomatshini ezahlukeneyo, kukho amathuba nasiphi na isixhobo sombane ukutshintsha orientation kwamandla aguqulwa olungaphesheya.

Brushless Motors umazibuthe esisigxina

Umphini injini nge umazibuthe esisigxina kusetyenziswa ukusombulula wokhuselo kakhulu kunye nezicelo zoshishino ukusukela kwisixhobo enjalo ngaba inobunzima reserve enkulu kunye nokusebenza.

Ezi izixhobo amaninzi asetyenziswa kwimizi ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eliphantsi kakhulu kunye nobukhulu amancinci. Bangafumana iindidi zobukhulu, ngaphandle ukulinganiselwa zobugcisa. Kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo ezinkulu bengengabo kraca elitsha, kaninzi baye bavelise iinkampani ukuba bazame ukuzisombulula iingxaki lwezoqoqosho umda uluhlu kwezi zixhobo. Baye izinto zabo, ekukhoyo kuzo ukusebenza eliphezulu ngenxa ilahleko kwi plane kunye namandla ache. Ukulawula iinjini brushless kufuneka variable drive rhoqo.

Uhlalutyo yeendleko kunye neenzuzo ibonisa ukuba eli cebo a umazibuthe isigxina kakhulu bhetele xa kuthelekiswa namanye ubugcisa ezizezinye ngakumbi. Amaninzi ukuba zisetyenziselwa kumashishini kunye enzima ukusebenza ngokwaneleyo yesiqhelo ye injini zaselwandle, kushishino yomkhosi wokhuselo kunye nezinye iiyunithi, inani apho gqolo liyenyuka.

injini ye jet

injini vana-jet usebenzisa engathi ababini kwisigaba leyo zifakwa apha izibonda stator iphambene esahlukileyo. Ukubonelela amandla lihamba plane ngokungqinelana izibonda. Ngoko, inkcaso yakhe kuyehla ngokupheleleyo ubuncinane.

Wevalufa injini, wadalwa ngezandla zabo, inika drive ngesantya esiphezulu kunye ubutsalane elungiselelwe ukusebenza nge umva. Ulwazi malunga indawo plane isetyenziswa ukulawula izigaba unikezelo umbane, njengoko oku elilelona ngokuphumeza torque rhoqo anencasa kahle eliphezulu.

Iimpawu velisa injini ye jet, enyanzeliswa phezu emboxo unsaturated kwisigaba inductance. Ubuncinane isixhobo ukumelana kwipali ingqinelana ngokupheleleyo ukuya inductance ubuninzi.

umzuzu entle ingafumaneka kuphela xa ezikoneni xa izikhombisi ezintle. Ngesantya ndiwuthobile kwisigaba yangoku kufuneka kuphela ukwenzela ukwenza ukukhuselwa elektroniki ukusuka ombane-imizuzwana aphezulu.
Le ndlela yokuguqula inokuba kufaniswe amandla lovukelo umgca. kwenkululeko nobu ephawula amandla iguqulelwa amandla. Kwimeko apho kukho ithuba elibukhali kude excess okanye lentsalela amandla ubuyela stator. Ubuncinane parameters lo mhlaba otsalayo kwintsebenzo isixhobo umahluko eziphambili izixhobo ezifanayo.