Animal Ecology: ziphambili, iintlobo, iingxaki

Animal Ecology - kufundwa lwenzululwazi yobudlelwane phakathi izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nezinye izinto, kwakunye kunye nendawo zazo. Imixholo ephambili ke ukuziphatha, yokudla, iipateni lokufuduka, iimeko zokuphila kunye interspecies nobuhlobo. Kwezenkolo bafuna ukuqonda isizathu sokuba ezinye iintlobo banako ukuphila kakhulu ngoxolo omnye nomnye kwimeko-bume enye.

Ecology kwakhona ingqalelo kwimisebenzi yokuziphatha kwabantu. izenzo ngabomi okanye ngempazamo zabantu zibe nefuthe kuyingenelo okanye eziyingozi kwi kokusingqongileyo. izihloko eziphambili ziquka inkunkuma eyingozi, ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba utshintsho kunye nongcoliseko.

Imithetho Animal Ecology: ikhosistim

Sobudlelwane yingxam engundoqo-bume yokufunda ngokubanzi, nto leyo iquka waphendula izilwanyana, izityalo kunye kwaziwe ezihlala kuyo kwindawo ethile emzimbeni. Batyekele kuwela ngokweendidi ezintathu: amanzi, umhlaba kunye nemigxobhozo. Imizekelo eziphila ziquka entlango, ehlathini, enkangala, kumathafa, emanzini kunye ashinyeneyo ihlathi emathafeni, kukwakho eziphila ezidolophini, nto leyo zimiwe kakhulu ngabantu. ukufunda kubalulekile ukuba ulwazi ngendlela eziphilayo ihlabathi kwesilwanyana iyonke.

Yintoni eziphilayo?

Lemvelo - isifundo lobudlelane phakathi eziphilayo, kuquka abantu nendalo ebonakalayo. Le inzululwazi efuna ukuqonda ulwalamano ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo. Eziphilayo kwezityalo nezilwanyana nazo iqulethe ulwazi malunga nenzuzo kwemixokomelwano yokuphilisana singakwazi ukusebenzisa ubuncwane emhlabeni, ukuze sihlale kwindawo enempilo ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo ngayo.
Siye sifunde ubudlelwane phakathi eziphilayo neendawo eziphila zabo izikali ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka isifundo iintsholongwane ezincinane ezikhulayo kulo akwariyam, ukuba ukudibana ezintsonkothileyo phakathi kwamawaka kwezityalo, izilwanyana kunye nezinye uluntu. Kwezenkolo nabo uphando iintlobo ezininzi bume: ukusuka kwiintsholongwane abahlala emhlabeni ukuze izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezisehlathini okanye olwandle.

Indima eziphilayo ebomini bethu

Ezininzi okukhethekile entsimini ngemvelo, ezifana zaselwandle, izityalo kunye eziphilayo manani, kusinika ulwazi siqonde ihlabathi ngcono abasingqongileyo. Olu lwazi inokusinceda ukuphucula imeko yethu, ukuze ukulawula izibonelelo zethu zendalo kunye nokukhusela impilo yabantu. Le mizekelo ilandelayo ibonisa nje ezinye iindlela apho ulwazi yokusingqongileyo luye lwaba neempembelelo ezintle ebomini bethu.

Kwendalo, okanye inzululwazi eziphilayo - na isebe yezinto eziphilayo lifunda ukuzalana izityalo kunye nezilwanyana nendalo ngokwasemzimbeni eziphilayo. Imeko emzimbeni kuquka ukukhanya nobushushu, imitha yelanga, ukufuma, umoya, ioksijini, icarbon dioxide, izondlo lomhlaba, amanzi kunye nomoya. Imeko begazi kuquka izinto eziphilayo zohlobo olufanayo, kwakunye izityalo kunye nezinye iintlobo.

Enye inzululwazi entsha kunye nembali elide

Animal Ecology yenye entsha Sciences, ingqalelo lowo elingatsalanga kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, nangona abantu zokufunda zokuhlala zazo Sizibandakanye kudala ngaphambi kwale. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umfundi Aristotle, sobulumko yamaGrike uTheophrastus uchaze ubudlelwane phakathi izilwanyana ngokwabo nabo phakathi kwabo BC ngenkulungwane yesine. e.

Le ndawo waqala ukuphuhlisa kunye nempapasho ngu Charles Darwin lakhe ngo-1850 "Origin of Species" kunye nemisebenzi yakhe owayephila nembangi Alfred Russel Wallace. Le yokugqibela yathatyathwa kokuxhomekeka lweentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo yamaqela zibe uluntu zokuhlala okanye biocenoses. Ngowe-1875, i-komhlaba yaseOstriya Eduard Zyuss ecetywayo umhlaba onokuphila kota ku yokugubungela iimeko ezahlukeneyo, isandla ubukho eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Imigaqo esisiseko ngemvelo

Umgaqo ongundoqo indalo kukuba ephilayo ngamnye eziphilileyo kumfowunelwa rhoqo kwaye rhoqo kunye naliphi na ilungu ukuba kubekho indawo yayo. Ecosystem singachazwa njengento imeko apho kukho intsebenziswano phakathi izinto kunye nendawo zazo. Phakathi ilinganiselwe iindidi ezinxulumene imixokelelwane ukutya webs ukutya. Amandla avela elangeni kuthinjwa abavelisi ephambili (izityalo) iphotosynthesis, ushukumisa i chain lwabasebenzisi ephambili (ezitya utyani), ilandelwe yi abathengi lesibini nelesithathu (ezitya inyama, okanye amarhamncwa). Le nkqubo iquka zizibolisi (umngundo kunye neentsholongwane), nto leyo ukubola izondlo abuyele zizibuyisele egumbini logcino eziphilayo.

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo

Le ntlekele zokusingqongileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba okusingqongileyo utshintsho ukuze ibe ntle ukusinda. iingxaki Ecology Animal kunokunxulunyaniswa kutshintsho lwemozulu (ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu okanye ukuncipha imvula), imposiso yabantu (wokuchitheka kwe-oyile), umsebenzi nangakumbi ezidla, ukudiliza okanye, phezu koko, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwenani labemi kwaye ngoko nokungakwazi ukugcina eziphilayo zabo. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, imisebenzi yabantu baye bachaphazeleka kakhulu okusingqongileyo. Ngokuncama amahlathi, iindawo ezintsha zezolimo, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye neendlela kunegalelo ukuba ungcoliseko eziphilayo.

Forums eziphilayo

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo Animal Ecology:

• Bokuphila (yokuziphatha), ukufunda iinkqubo ngabanye ukuziqhelanisa kokusingqongileyo.
• Population ukufunda nemiba labemi lweentlobo okanye amaqela eentlobo (umzekelo, izilwanyana, izityalo okanye isinambuzane eziphilayo).
• eziphilayo Community lujolise unxibelelwano phakathi kweentlobo ezikwindawo koluntu eziphilayo.
• Yendalo semvelo, leyo ufunda ukuhamba amandla nezinto ngokusebenzisa amacandelo approach.

Ngokumalunga kokusingqongileyo ngokubanzi, kuba ayinabantu njengokuba yomhlaba, esinika ingqwalasela kwiinkqubo kunye nobudlelwane eziphila eziliqela okanye iindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ngokwezelizwe (umz, Arctic, polar, ulwandle, njalo njalo. D.), Yaye ke imeko yomntu.

Impembelelo on izilwanyana

Ecology (ukusuka oikos Greek - indlu kunye neelogo - nolwazi) - kufundwa lwenzululwazi ngayo izinto eziphilayo ukunxibelelana nabanye kunye zawo ngokwemvelo. Elicinga ubudlelwane ezintsonkothileyo nezahlukeneyo kunye izimvo ezahlukeneyo. Wayefunda nokomzimba kukho ubushushu ulawulo, ukudla ukutya. Imiba echaphazela nezilwanyana ziquka isifo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neziphumo ityhefu.

Lemvelo - kukufunda lwenzululwazi lonikezelo, ngobuninzi kunye nobudlelwane zezinto eziphilileyo kunye nentsebenziswano yawo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Siye sifunde yonke into ukususela indima iintsholongwane omncinane ngokutsha kwezakha lokuba ngamahlathi emvula koMhlaba. Animal Ecology ngokusondeleyo edibene amalungu, zazivelela, imizila yemfuza.

Qho ngonyaka, amakhulu yehlabathi eentlobo shwaka, kunzima ukucinga predstvavit indlela yebhongo inokuba ingxaki eluntwini. Le fauna ihlukile, kunye nezilwanyana ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo, njengoko ukulawula inani lezityalo enegalelo ukusasazeka kwe pollen, iziqhamo, iimbewu, lukwa yinxalenye yale nokuhanjiswa, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni ukuyilwa lomhlaba-mhlaba.

ngengqiqo eziphilayo

Kanye inzululwazi ezininzi, ukuqonda ingqiqo indalo kuchaphazela iinkcukacha ezibanzi phando, kuquka:

• Ubomi kwiinkqubo ukuchaza tshintsho.
• Ukuhanjiswa nenala eziphilayo.
• Ukuhanjiswa mba kunye namandla kwiingingqi eziphilayo.
• Ukuqhubeka nophuhliso eziphila.
• Emininzi kunye nokusasazwa biodiversity kwimeko-bume.

Imvelo yahlukile kwimbali yendalo, nto leyo ukhathazeke kakhulu isifundo elichazayo eziphilayo. Le nkqutyana-ingqeqesho eziphilayo, nto leyo isifundo ebomini.

ukhuseleko yezilwanyana

Animal Ecology - an inzululwazi ahlukeneyo, nto leyo kwamiswa kwisiphambuka ngezilwanyana, eziphilayo kunye nokwakheka kwaso. Yena ukufunda ngobomi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana, kuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo. Ekubeni izilwanyana ziyinxalenye eziphilayo, ke kubaluleke kakhulu okuxhasa ubomi emhlabeni. Baye kwalutyhutyha zonke iimbombo zomhlaba, ukuba zihlala emahlathini kwaye koozintlango, amathafa anengca kunye emanzini kwi Arctic, ephaphazela emoyeni, kwaye kuzimela phantsi komhlaba.

Umbuzo ebalulekileyo eziphilayo - ukukhusela izilwanyana. izinto zininzi kutshintsho ezahlukeneyo iindidi izikali ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, amanye amarhamncwa kuba yingozi iintlobo ngamnye, ubukho yabo ngempumelelo ukunciphisa okanye ukwandisa inani lweentlobo ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni. Conservation eziphilayo ijolise siqonde izinto ezibabeka ukuya kwezinto eziphilayo, nokuba abantu anokuyenza ukuthintela disappearances.

yokungenelela kwabantu

Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ukuba asichaphazeli nje kuphela abantu kodwa izilwanyana ziquka umoya kunye ungcoliseko lwamanzi, umhlaba amdaka, imvula eneasidi. kwamahlathi, kutsalwe imigxobhozo, utshintsho umlambo kukhokelela ekubeni busemngciphekweni lonke eziphilayo. izinto eziphilayo ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza ekutshintsheni iimeko, ukutshintsha yokuhlala, yaye wonke ubani unako ukumelana nayo ngempumelelo. Isiphumo - unciphiso okanye zabadla ngokupheleleyo kwamanani. Izilwanyana ixhomekeke kakhulu kurhulumente kunye nokusingqongileyo zinto. yokungenelela kwabantu embi kwindalo ingatshabalalisa iintlobo ezininzi neentlobo zezilwanyana ngaphandle kungenzeka ukuba zibuye.