Amakhadi licwecwe: ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa

Qwalasela iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kunye eziluncedo ukuba licwecwe amakhadi. Ekubeni lukwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-smart card, siza ukuqalisa ingxoxo nabo.

amakhadi Smart

Ngoko wabiza amakhadi yeplastiki chip olungisiweyo. Ezikhoyo Inani kubo iqulethe indlela yokusebenza kunye isilawuli, leyo ukukhusela ufikelelo ikhadi, ngamanye amazwi, baqhube imisebenzi icryptographic: imisebenzi yokugcina ngokusebenzisa izitshixo, uqinisekiso lomsebenzisi, umsebenzi kwindawo omthembileyo.

Smart card - a debit kunye credit cards, uhambo, ukunqumla imibutho eyahlukeneyo, amakhadi umfundi, sim-amakhadi, etc ...

Types of Smart Cards

Ulwahlulo lokuqala isekelwe ikhadi umfundi smart endleleni kutshintshiselwano:

• Iinkcukacha (ISO 7816): amakhadi edumileyo chips musa ziqulathe neebhetri - kuthatha abafundi amandla. Ezi ziquka amakhadi intlawulo, "Sims", amatikiti payphones.
• Qhagamshelana ne USB: i "phambili" uguqulelo ngaphezulu uhlobo lokuqala, apho chip kuhlanganiswe umfundi-USB iphakheji encinane.
• amakhadi licwecwe smart: iintlobo apho ukufunda ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuzisa ikhadi kufutshane umfundi. "Unxibelelwano" kunye umfundi ithatha indawo inxaxheba technology RFID. Ezi amakhadi kwakhona musani ukuba ibhetri, amandla agcinwa ngokusebenzisa kubo lo inductor, loo "feed 'ukusebenza kwefowuni. Imizekelo: iindawo ezinika umdla ngekhompyutha, ibheji, zokundwendwela sebhayometriki.

Ulwahlulo yesibini isekelwe kwi usebenziso:

• amakhadi ememori: zigcina ngokwabo nayiphi na imali ulwazi neendlela zokulawula ukufikelela kuwo - passwords, amagumbi awodwa, njl Iqela eqhelekileyo - Uhambo, e-amatikiti, amakhadi lwemivuzo phones ..
• Banengqiqo: luphawulwa phambi yavulel kunye nesakhono ukulayisha umsebenzi algorithms kuye, osebenza phantsi kwegunya yokusebenza, siqulathe uluhlu izatifikethi. Kuyinto sim-amakhadi, e-passport kunye zokundwendwela.

amakhadi licwecwe kunye neempawu zazo

Ukuze ushwankathele ngasentla, sinako ongeze ukuba igama jikelele iindlela licwecwe esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo intlawulo, kunye Amanqaku okulawula ukungena.

izinto eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• phantse zero amathuba manga;
• igama elide yokugcina - ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-10;
• Izinga data umfundi - ngesekhondi;
• ukusebenza - ukubhala ulwazi banokuba kuluhlu 100 amawaka amaxesha.
• amathuba ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide - ikhadi ngaphantsi ngokuxhomekeke ukunxiba ngenxa yokungabikho ukunxibelelana nomfundi.

umfundi Standard "ubona" ikhadi licwecwe kumgama-15 cm, nto leyo evumela ukuba ungafumani isixhobo sokuhlawula okanye ulawulo wengxowa, epokothweni okanye esipajini. Oku ibalekisa kakhulu imisebenzi imigangatho kwirejista eziinkozo kunye Isango (kuqikelelwa kwi ukuya ku-40%).

Banks amakhadi licwecwe - ngomtsha omnye kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba yaye zinikwa Ukongezelela kunye chip kunye ngomvumbo ngemagnethi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso labo kwamkelekile kakhulu, kwaye ucacisa isahlakalo kwezi amakhadi licwecwe kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

Ezahlukahlukeneyo amakhadi licwecwe

amakhadi licwecwe nabo zokuhlela yabo;

• Em-marine: obanzi kunayo access cards licwecwe (tags). Ngaphakathi kwisiseko zeplastiki obekwe-eriyali kunye nokuba kufutshane chip. osemqoka yawo - .. Ukukwazi ukufunda kumgama ukuya kwi-70 cm zisetyenziswa njengoko imvume yokupaka, indawo yokumisa, amaziko ukufaneleka, izikolo, iiyunivesithi, izibonelelo zonyango, njl Ngoncedo lwabo, ithathele ingqalelo ixesha abasebenzi wachitha ezindongeni yombutho, abaqhubi ukubana iindlela, abathengisayo kunye t. d.
• MIFARE®: "core" yayo ubunjwe i-eriyali, a microchip kunye nememori ekhuselekileyo, sixhobo kunye receiver. I data kwi ikhadi ungagcina ukuya kwiminyaka-10. Esinye isici umntu unique number isngenayo apha kwelinye lalamacandelo memory - oko kusetyenziswa ikhowudi identifier.

• Sokulinganisa obufihliweyo: amakhadi licwecwe-yokupasa sokuqala ukuba asebenza kwi thotho luphangaleleyo kwamaqondo obushushu. ufunda ixesha nabo - akukho imizuzwana ngaphezu 0.1. Yiba tri-LED enemibala kunye ibhaza ulwazi oluvakalayo nezibonwayo malunga ngenxa ukunxibelelana nomfundi.

• ICLASS obufihliweyo: babe ubuchule ezintsonkothileyo, qhagamshelana umfundi kunye lofihlo lwe data - data transmission kuqala kuphela xa umfundi ikhadi kwaye wabelane keys ezizodwa. umahluko wabo ukuba lugcinwe kwinkumbulo yayo , data sebhayometriki ezifana fingerprint. Oku kuvumela ukuqaliswa kwefowuni kwezibonelelo ezivaliweyo, t. To. Reader ithelekisa ulwazi malunga umfanekiso womwe kwi imaphu bekwayame umnwe umnini wamfihla ICLASS kaThixo ngaye.

ikhadi licwecwe umfundi

Abafundi amakhadi licwecwe - izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuqaphela ulwazi zamakhadi licwecwe, amatyathanga ezingundoqo, iibheji, izacholo nezitikha ezininzi. Uninzi lwabo lifumana kuphela umqondiso, kodwa kukho iindidi zedata yokubhala.

Abafundi bohlulwa babe proximal - ukuqaphela ikhadi kumgama-10 cm obude -. 100 m kuqala ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu zokulawula ukungena, Amanqaku okulawula. Ezikude, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, ungakwazi ukufumana uphawu ukusuka amakhadi ezininzi zisebenza kumashishini amakhulu, logistics.